This document presents the Cradle City Master Plan, outlining development proposals for the Amari land holdings within the Lanseria Precinct Development Framework. The purpose is to establish a vision, objectives, and development plan that aligns with spatial planning policies of the City of Johannesburg, Mogale City, and City of Tshwane. Key elements include establishing partnerships with local authorities, an environmentally responsible development, inclusionary housing, and infrastructure development to enable coordinated phased growth. The master plan provides an overall structure, land uses, movement systems, services infrastructure, and proposed phasing to unlock the economic potential of the area as a regional node as envisioned in the Gauteng Growth and Development Strategy

1. CRADLE CITY MASTER PLAN
June 2008

2. CRADLE CITY MASTER PLAN
27 June 2008
Submitted to the
City of Johannesburg
Development Planning and Urban Management Department
(Development Planning & Facilitation)
Prepared by the
Cradle City Professional Team:
GAPP Architects & Urban Designers
ASM Architects & Urban Designers
Van Brakel Professional Planning & Property Services
PDNA & Associates (transport & services infrastructure)
RWP Consulting Electrical Engineers
SEF (environmental)
For

3. Cradle City Master Plan Contents
CONTENTS 6.3 Public Environment, Landscape &
Natural Environment Plan
1.0 INTRODUCTION 6.4 Land Use Activities, Community
1.1 The Lanseria Node Opportunity Facilities and Housing
1.2 The AMARI Land-holding 6.5 Land Budget and Development
1.3 Building on the Gauteng Growth Rights
and Development Strategy and 6.6 Engineering services &
Meeting City Region Strategy Infrastructure Development Plan
Objectives 6.7 The Urban Design Plan
1.4 Unlocking the Opportunity
1.5 Purpose of the Master Plan Report 7.0 THE DEVELOPMENT PRINCILES
& DESIGN GUIDELINES
2.0 THE VISION 7.1 Environment
7.2 Movement & Transportation
3.0 THE OBJECTIVES 7.3 Engineering Services & Social
3.1 An Economically & Spatially Viable Facilities
Development 7.4 Place-making Guidelines
3.2 A Sustainable Environment - Built form & public spaces
3.3 An Integrated Movement Framework design guidelines
3.4 Mixed Use, Mixed Density & - Sustainable built environment
Supporting Social Facilities guidelines
3.5 Sustainable Infrastructure - Architectural & green building
Development- Energy & Resource principles
Efficiency
3.6 A Quality Public Environment, Open 8.0 THE PRECINCT STRUCTURE,
Space and Landscape PRECINCT PLANS AND PHASING
3.7 Urban Management 8.1 The Precinct Structure
8.2 Package of Plans Approach
4.0 ALIGNMENT WITH SPATIAL 8.3 Precinct Plan Requirements
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OF 8.4 Proposed Phasing
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
4.1 City of Johannesburg 9.0 CONCLUSION
4.2 Mogale City SDF
4.3 City of Tshwane SDF
5.0 CONSOLIDATING THE
DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION
5.1 The Three Places
5.2 Getting There: Access &
Connectivity
5.3 A Quality Live, Work & Play
Environment
5.4 Realising Spatial Planning Policy
5.5 The Triggers: Development
Catalysts
6.0 THE CRADLE CITY MASTER
PLAN
6.1 The Overall Spatial Structure.
6.2 Movement Systems &
Transportation Plan
Page i

4. Cradle City Master Plan Section 1: Introduction
Lanseria
Midrand
Fourways
Joburg CBD
Figure 1-1: The Amari Land-holding
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5. Cradle City Master Plan Section 1: Introduction
1.0 INTRODUCTION • The land-holdings are on the rural- is primarily are used for agricultural
urban edge, adjacent to an purposes and rural residential. An
extensive and growing tourism, exception to this is a 90Ha land portion
1.1 The Lanseria Node Opportunity leisure and hospitality region. This adjoining the airport to the north, which
includes, in close proximity, the has existing zoning rights for industrial
The area around the Lanseria Cradle of Human Kind World and business rights. AMARI is presently
International Airport has for a number of Heritage Site. obtaining approvals and undertaking
years been identified by prospective • The land-holdings are within the township establishment procedures to
property and business owners as a major developing Hans Strijdom (R512) enable it to develop the land and release
development and economic growth corridor with industrial and it to the market.
opportunity. The realisation of this residential development interest.
opportunity has been hindered in the past This indicates that existing growth is The land-holding falls within the
due to supporting infrastructure happening and future growth is administrative jurisdiction of two local
development constraints and the anticipated. municipalities:
fractured ownership of the land. Various • The land-holdings are nested within • The City of Johannesburg
recent initiatives have begun to unlock the planned PWV- and K routes • Mogale City Local Municipality
this opportunity. These include: provincial road network. This The northern border of the land-holding is
provides excellent access to the in close proximity of the City of Tshwane’s
• The Gauteng province’s growth and land-holdings and overall municipal boundary.
development strategy and its drive connectivity to the existing urban
to turn the province into a globally system. The proposed realisation of
competitive city region. Enabling the developments will also bring
faster economic growth and job forward the physical establishment
creation are imperatives. of the provincial road system.
Undoubtedly the Lanseria node has Existing investment into road
a role to play and an important infrastructure around the airport is
contribution to make within this estimated at R 120 million, and the
policy dynamic. R512 is also earmarked for
• The strategic urban planning for the upgrading.
Lanseria Node by the City of • The land-holdings are within reach
Johannesburg, the Lanseria of new key public transport systems
Development Framework 2020 (the SPTN routes with their BRT
(Version 2.0, Johannesburg systems and potential Gautrain
Metropolitan Municipality, April, feeder systems), which are
2008) identifies the Lanseria airport envisaged to form an integral part of
as a major business and commercial the future development.
node within the precinct. The
development framework directs the
future development of the area, 1.2 The Amari Land-holding
effectively unlocking the inherent
development opportunity, provided The Amari Land-holding (Figure 1-1)
that its directives are met and that comprises an area of approximately
policy is complied with. Similarly the 900Ha located around the Lanseria
Mogale City spatial development International Airport in the north-western
framework identifies Lanseria airport areas of the City of Johannesburg. The
as an opportunity, allowing for mixed northern part of the landholding also falls
use development in the vicinity of within the jurisdiction of Mogale City and
the airport. the City of Tshwane.
It is in this context that the AMARI land The northern portion of the landholding
company has made a significant property has as its western border Malibongwe
investment within the wider Lanseria Drive and the southern border comprises
precinct area. The reasons, in addition to the Lanseria airport. It stretches north-
latest policy developments, include: eastward, across the municipal boundary
• The strategic location of the land- of the City of Johannesburg into the
holding gives it the potential to be foothills of the Rhenosterkoppies,
developed into a regional bordering with residential lifestyle estates
development node. This, as such as Monahan and Blair Atholl. This
highlighted above, is recognised by portion of the landholding is
the City of Johannesburg’s future approximately 500Ha in extent.
planning for the area. This will
require the integrated development The southern portion of the land-holding
of higher order facilities and central is bordered by Malibongwe Drive in the
business district elements, with west, the extension of Cedar Road in the
supporting infrastructure south, the proposed K215 in the east, and
development. the airport landholding in the north. This
• The Lanseria airport is considered portion is approximately 400Ha in extent.
as an established regional anchor
and growing catalyst that is bringing Two individual portions of land are
increasing development energy to located to the west and east of the airport.
the area. The airport is to be
upgraded via an investment of R The acquired area (Figure 1-2)
100 million, and its passenger comprises mainly farmland of relatively
volumes have doubled every 9 small portions and smallholdings which
years. have an “undetermined” zoning. The land Figure 1-2: Land Acquisition
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6. Cradle City Master Plan Section 1: Introduction
Figure 1-3: City Region Context
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7. Cradle City Master Plan Section 1: Introduction
1.3 Building on the Gauteng Growth iii. Tourism. the Lanseria node has the potential to be
and Development Strategy and iv. Agriculture (agri-processing and bio- expanded and consolidated into a
Meeting City Region Strategy tech). regional node. The regional connections
Objectives v. Manufacturing (steel related and its accessibility support this. Its
industries, automotive parts and development will consolidate the
In the Newsletter of the Gauteng components, beer and malt). Malibongwe drive development corridor,
Provincial Government, Gauteng News vi. Infrastructure expansion and and bring new development into the sub-
(April / May 2008), the Gauteng investment. region, complementing the existing
government states that building Gauteng residential development and commercial
into a globally competitive city region is Within the provincial GDS, the city region activity associated with Lanseria airport.
the overarching response to the initiative is a specific mechanism, which
challenges of poverty, unemployment and includes, amongst other salient features,
underdevelopment, which face the the following objectives: 1.4 Unlocking the Opportunity
province. • To enable significant agglomeration
and size. To unlock the major opportunity that is
In a briefing to journalists, Premier • To establish high levels of economic represented by the AMARI land-holding,
Shilowa states that “the provincial linkages including business the following four principles have been
government will continue to invest money connectivity and economic identified and adopted:
for the creation of strategic economic transactions.
infrastructure following the success with • To build significant strategic i. Establish partnerships with the three
projects under Blue IQ”. This will be networks between the state- local authorities: The City of
driven by the establishment of an business-finance and voluntary Johannesburg, the City of Tshwane
investment vehicle called the Gauteng sectors. and Mogale City local municipality.
Fund, which is to attract capital from the • To achieve a balance between
private sector and state-owned social and economic progress, ii. Establish an environmentally
enterprises, in addition to the R500 million growth and redistribution. responsible and sustainable plan in
provincial seed funding already com- • To ensure appropriate socio- order to utilise resources in the most
mitted. The latter is to finance projects economic development and efficient manner, and comply with
such as the Gauteng Link (G-Link), the activities in conjunction with local relevant environmental legislation.
Amakhosi Stadium precinct, the government. This includes obtaining relevant EIA
Kopanong precinct, the Gauteng Freeway authorisation and compliance.
Improvement Scheme, public hospitals, In order to achieve a sustainable city
energy-generation projects and urban region a spatial logic is needed to guide iii. Establish a plan that demonstrates
regeneration. balanced development (Figure 1-3). The and places “inclusionary housing”
Gauteng urban system has developed as within it, which includes a range of
The focuses of the province’s efforts are a particular pattern of nodes and housing and possibly tenure
on: corridors. Johannesburg has become a options. This in support of
• Road infrastructure maintenance. core node in the north-south development government’s “Breaking New
• The establishment of a one-stop corridor (PTA/JHB/Vereeniging) and in Ground” programme to build
service and business portal to the east-west development corridor spatially and socially integrated and
support business in Gauteng. (mining belt, from Krugersdorp to sustainable human settlements and
• A number of programmes to build Germiston). Over time, as the urban communities.
spatially and socially integrated and system expanded and development
sustainable human settlements and needs and activities within these centres iv. Establish a plan that supports and
communities. intensified, a ring of nodes has developed enhances infrastructure develop-
• The fast-tracking of urban renewal in concentric circles around them. The ment in partnership with
and mixed-income and mixed tenure first ring, district (tertiary) nodes, supports government. This is to enable co-
settlements to enable the socio- these centres, without taking over their ordinated and phased development
economic integration of function. As the centres matured with to the required standards, and in
communities. more intense activities and the urban area line with the negotiated allocation of
• Establishing alternative, innovative consolidated around them, and began to rights, and in support of overall bulk-
health financing and service-delivery expand further, a second ring of nodes infrastructure development of the
options for health services. was established. These are typically sub-region.
• The provision of quality education, regional nodes (secondary nodes), which
especially to the poor. have similar functions to the primary city
• A major provincial offensive against centre nodes, but serve the expanded
crime through the Gauteng Safety urban hinterland. Nodes within this band
Strategy. include Midrand, Krugersorp, Kempton
• The commitment to work together Park, Germiston etc. Some of the latter
with local government to build are located on the main development
Gauteng as a globally competitive axes, and have contributed to the
city region. establishment of the development
• The province’s commitment to the corridors.
success of the 2010 Fifa World Cup
in South Africa. The Lanseria node falls within the band of
regional nodes, but has as yet not
The proposed Cradle City development advanced in development as the others. It
contributes to the Gauteng Growth and is located on the Malibongwe Drive
Development Strategy (GDS). The latter development axis, forming the northern
focuses on the following six growth “bookend”. In addition the R28 freeway
sectors and clusters: forms a strong mobility link with
i. Smart industries (including ICT, Krugersdorp and Centurion (south-west
pharmaceuticals, etc.). Tshwane). This connectivity is
ii. Trade and services (including complemented by additional main route
finance and film). links with Midrand. It is in this context that
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8. Cradle City Master Plan Section 1: Introduction
Figure 1-4: The Master Plan Procedures & Outcomes
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9. Cradle City Master Plan Section 1: Introduction
1.5 Purpose of the Master Plan
Report
The purpose of this Cradle City Master
Plan Report is to outline the development
proposals for the Amari land-holdings
within the Lanseria Precinct Development
Framework 2020 (City of Johannesburg,
Version 2, April 2008) and spatial
development frameworks of the adjoining
municipal areas. It sets out the overall
vision for the development, the objectives,
the development plan and the
development principles that underpin it,
the resultant development parameters
and associated development rights, the
environmental aspects, the proposed
service- and transport infrastructure
development and the proposed phasing.
The master plan will indicate the
alignment of the proposals with the spatial
planning of the three local authorities,
namely:
• The City of Johannesburg Northern
Areas Development Framework
• The Tshwane City SDF
• The Mogale City SDF
The above would allow for future
submissions of rezoning applications to
the relevant authorities in terms of the
Town Planning and Townships
Ordinance, 1986 (Ordinance 15 of 1986),
to obtain rights in terms of the approved
master plan and the physical realisation
thereof according to its phasing.
The outcome of the master plan (Figure
1-4) will be:
• A land use plan and rights.
• A Transport Plan & associated
Movement Network Plan
• Engineering services Plans
• Urban Design Plan
It is considered to be a statutory plan
which prescribes the land use and
intensity for the landholding to guide the
physical development of the land.
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10. Cradle City Master Plan Section 2: The Vision
Figure 2-1: The Vision
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11. Cradle City Master Plan Section 2: The Vision & Section 3: The Objectives
2.0 THE VISION sprawl) and establishes a quality living 3.0 THE OBJECTIVES
and working environment. This supports:
The vision of the Cradle City development • establishment of mixed use; The Cradle City vision is based on a
(Figure 2-1) represents the • a built form that is adaptable over series of development objectives, which
understanding of the initial development time; encompass the establishment of an
context (physical, economic and policy • making connections and economically, socially, spatially and
wise), an assessment of the inherent establishing access; environmentally integrated mixed use and
opportunity represented in the AMARI • including a range of residential mixed tenure development. The latter is
land-holding and the culmination of a opportunities; to be undertaken based on sustainable
series of aspirations. It shows what • inclusion of social, cultural, religious principles across all sectors. The
AMARI would like to achieve, and what & entertainment facilities; and established objectives fundamentally
can be achieved for the benefit of the • establishing a high quality public direct the incremental development of the
wider urban region in general and the environment through place making 900Ha land-holding into a regional node.
Lanseria sub-region in specific. and landscape. It is in effect a new city which:
• Creates value for the land owner.
The Cradle City vision encompasses the The realisation of the Cradle City vision is • Creates an economically viable and
establishment of a new city – bringing a based on the understanding that this will environmentally sustainable centre
new offering - within the Gauteng urban require a partnership based approach, for the Lanseria sub-region.
system, structured around the Lanseria given the diversity of role-players that a • Creates a quality live-work-play
airport node. This vision is to create an development of this nature includes. It is environment for all sectors of
urban development that is sustainable in vital that a developmental partnership be society.
economic, social, environmental and created with all local authorities to effect
spatial / physical terms. the development and guide it over time. In
addition to this an appropriate urban 3.1 An Economically & Spatially
Economic sustainability encompasses the management regime will have to be Viable Development
establishment of a development that is established and maintained, which
viable and enables economic growth and includes the participation of owners, An economically viable development is
activities which: residents, businesses and workforce, and enabled through the establishment of an
• meets market demand and creates includes the good governance appropriate level of development
new market opportunities through requirements of local government, intensification, supported by applicable
the establishment of a diversity of directing the responsibilities of all role- levels of densification and a diverse
business and economic activities, players and partnerships, and ensuring activity mix. This enables it to capitalise
and the targeting of niche markets; that relevant management performances on overall market development trends
• attracts capital and enables and standards are met and maintained. and positions it such that identified market
investment; niches can be targeted and exploited.
• creates long-term and sustained The vision of Cradle City has yielded the
employment opportunities; and incremental development of a 900Ha 3.1.1 Intensification
• increases land values & the land-holding into a regional node, with
concomitant rates base of the city; three distinct precincts: Urban development practice in South
• The Business and Airport Precinct Africa has, in response to urban growth
Social sustainability encompasses the • The Mixed Use Precinct pressures (sprawl, environmental
support of a diversity of users, from all • The Lifestyle, Leisure and Tourism degradation, inequitable quality of life,
socio-economic backgrounds, and Precinct changing housing dynamics) moved
enables access to urban opportunity by It is estimated that Cradle City will toward the intensification – an increase in
even the marginalised in society. This is potentially yield a mixed use regional mixed land use and mixed residential
accompanied by the establishment of a node with approximately 8 million m² of densities - of new and existing urban
supporting engineering service floor area and 180Ha of environmental areas. This is considered an appropriate
infrastructure, social facilities and open space systems. way of making an urban environment
services, cultural and religious facilities, more liveable and reducing its
and entertainment, leisure and recreation. environmental impact.
Environmental sustainability This approach is supported in the Spatial
encompasses the integration of the Development Frameworks of the affected
natural environment and associated local authorities. The establishment of
heritage resources of the land-holding. strong viable nodes through the clustering
This includes the commitment to the and concentration of activities at
conservation / preservation and appropriate and accessible nodal
strengthening of existing ecological locations is overall policy. The nodes
processes, environmental systems and require to be well integrated with the
the enhancement of hydrological systems movement systems of the city and
and associated fauna and flora. It also support the surrounding sub-regions.
encompasses the commitment to the
reduction of the development’s ecological The above is reinforced by the drive to
footprint by the incorporation of initiate and implement corridor
environmentally sustainable forms of development. This establishes a clear
resources utilisation, such as alternative structure for movement and accessibility,
forms of energy, the adoption of a green supported by the establishment of a more
buildings approach, and more efficient compact urban form, which is directly
utilisation of water, electricity etc. linked to the strong high intensity, mixed
use nodes and associated higher
Spatial and / or physical sustainability residential densities.
encompasses the establishment of an
urban development that completes The aim is to ensure a more effective and
(complements) the urban system, is more efficient use of facilities, enabling people
compact in its urban form (avoiding urban to live closer to amenities and work
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12. Cradle City Master Plan Section 2: The Vision & Section 3: The Objectives
opportunities. It also enables the 3.1.3 Diversification 3.3 An Integrated Movement
management, maintenance, protection Framework
and expansion of the significant public For the optimal functioning of a
and private sector investment in services development of this nature an appropriate The movement framework of the
and infrastructure within a typical node. diversity of land use activities should be development determines its connectivity
This intensification approach is to be established. This begins with those land and accessibility, which in turn affects
driven by economic and environmental uses that meet daily needs of residents uses and activities, density, security and
sustainability to ensure that people are and its workforce. Integrated with that the impact of the development on
living in harmony with the environment. should be a diverse range of secondary adjoining areas. The structural
activities, such as social support and components of the movement framework
3.1.2 Densification public facilities (education, health, are the hierarchy of movement routes, the
religious), as well as public space and associated intersections, access points
Hand in hand with intensification, is an recreation areas. The business and retail and crossings, cycle ways and the
appropriate level of overall densification. activities to be promoted are informed by pedestrian pathways (separate and / or
The number of people attracted to and the urban and regional context of the sidewalks), whist the individual activities
living within an urban environment, development, and possibly a particular and components comprise walking,
combined with their skills, knowledge and activity or mix that gives the development cycling, vehicular transport (commercial
disposable income, creates the potential a focus, which reinforces the vision and and private) and public transport.
economic market and creates the particular identity that is being sought,
required support threshold for amenities, strengthens its position and role in the A successful movement framework for the
services and facilities. In general terms, wider urban context. development will:
the higher the population density in an • provide a maximum choice for how
urban area, the better for the potential people will make their journeys
market threshold. The benefits of seeking 3.2 A Sustainable Environment (walking, cycling, motor-driven /
higher density levels include: vehicular, and various modes of
• Social: Encouraging positive Conserving and enhancing the natural public transport);
interaction and diversity, improving environment, water systems and open • provides good access, taking into
the viability of, and access to, space systems form an integral part of the account the kinds of movement that
community services, and enabling development of an urban environment. are generated within and for the
more and better integrated This enables the integration and most development; and
residential development. effective utilisation of the urban area’s • establish clear connections to
• Economic: Enhancing the economic existing and future physical and natural existing routes, local facilities and
viability of development, and resources. In general terms the open neighbouring nodes and activities.
providing economies of scale with space systems should support a range of
regard to infrastructure and ecological, social and institutional The establishment of an efficient
amenities functions, which conserve and enhance movement system is included in the
• Transport: Supports public transport, the urban environment’s natural heritage, Spatial Development Frameworks of the
reduces car travel and parking and contributes to the establishment of a affected local authorities. In general these
demand, and makes underground / sustainable living and urban environment include:
basement parking more that supports human activities. • The establishment of an Integrated
economically viable. Transport Plan.
• Environmental: Increases energy This approach forms an integral part of • The establishment of a road network
efficiency, decreases resource the Spatial Development Frameworks of hierarchy and associated
consumption, potentially reduces the affected local authorities. All have management guidelines.
pollution, preserves and helps fund proposed Metropolitan Open Space • The establishment of appropriate
the maintenance of public open Systems with associated Environmental public transport infrastructure (bus,
space and reduces urban sprawl. Management Plans. The metropolitan rail and comb-taxi).
open space systems aim to establish an
To avoid the negative socio-economic inter-connected and managed network of The City of Johannesburg’s SDF states
and spatial impacts of over-densification, open spaces that support interactions that the “movement strategy is premised
the approach should be design-led, between social, economic and ecological on the provision and maintenance of a
underpinned by urban design principles activities, sustaining and enhancing both highly accessible movement system and
and design guidelines, concentrating on a ecological processes and human network that supports a range of modes
sustainable and viable urban quality. settlements (JMOSS). (road and rail, public and private) and
Urban market trends should be taken into activities at various levels, intensity and
account but must not necessarily dictate In general, where identified areas have a scale. It specifically endorses the
the outcome. high conservation and / or recreation promotion of the public transport as the
potential, the principle is that open space means to increase accessibility of
This densification objective is also and environmental considerations should opportunities to all city users.”
supported in the Spatial Development take precedence over development
Frameworks of the affected local considerations. This applies in particular
authorities. In general the active to: 3.4 Mixed Use, Mixed Density and
densification of strategic locations within • Ecologically sensitive and Supporting Social Facilities
the city area (in and around nodes, along endangered areas.
mobility and transportation routes) is • Where the open space system The development proposes the
promoted to accommodate demand in requires to be linked to re-establish establishment of a mixed use and mixed
close proximity to existing economic continuity. density development, with an appropriate
opportunities and infrastructure. This also • Where the restoration of the level of supporting social facilities and
avoids increased urban sprawl and ecological balance is required. services. The benefits of this mixed use
enables the re-structuring of the urban and mixed density approach include:
environment. The densification is • More convenient access to facilities.
supported through the establishment of • Potentially reduced travel-to-work
clear principles and density design trips in terms of time and / or
guidelines. distance, reducing congestion and
time delays.
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13. Cradle City Master Plan Section 3: The Objectives
• Greater opportunities for social • Greenhouse gas emission physical object which gives it a high
interaction. abatement. probability of evoking a strong image in
• Socially diverse communities. • Water conservation. any given observer. It is that shape,
• Visual stimulation and delight of • Waste avoidance, reuse and colour, or arrangement which facilitates
different buildings in close proximity recycling. the making of vividly identified, powerfully
to one another. • Pollution prevention - noise, water, structured, highly useful mental images of
• Improved safety with more “eyes on air, soil & light. the environment. It might also be called
the street”. • Enhanced biodiversity. legibility, or perhaps visibility in a
• Greater energy efficiency and more • Reduced natural resource heightened sense, where objects are not
efficient use of space and buildings. consumption. only able to be seen, but are presented
• More consumer choice of lifestyle, • Productive and healthier sharply to the senses.
location and building / lifestyle type. environments.
• A development’s sense of place is
Urban vitality and street life. • Useable buildings.
determined by the identity and character
• Increased viability of urban facilities • Social amenity.
that is deeply felt by local inhabitants and
and support for business, including • Transparent reporting. visitors. It is based on the collective
public transport.
perception and experiences of the
activities, places and spaces that
A mixture of residential typologies and 3.6 A Quality Public Environment, characterise it. This is defined by the built
associated tenure mixes should also be Open Space and Landscape fabric and the natural environment, -
promoted to support the land use mix.
pedestrian-friendliness, the overall living
This promotes social diversity and The quality of the public environment, the and urban experience, legibility, image
enables the establishment of different associated open space and landscape, is and identity, buildings and architecture,
residential typologies, which discourages underpinned by the liveability and the animated street activities, landscaping
the establishment of exclusive enclaves. imageability of the proposed and special/unique features, such as
development. The objective is to establish views, particular events etc.
The mixed residential density approach is high quality public environments,
also an objective outlined in the Spatial including public squares, piazza’s, open
Development Frameworks of the affected spaces, parks and sidewalks; with 3.7 Urban Management
local authorities. In principle these appropriate landscaping of flora and
promote the establishment of sustainable fauna, that support activities taking place The overall urban management of the
housing environments in appropriate and within these, provide human comfort and development is critical to its successful
accessible locations. This is to be contribute to their overall environmental functioning and liveability. Components of
supported by the provision of adequate sustainability. this include:
social and economic amenities. Within
this a range of housing typologies should • Safety and security.
3.6.1 Liveability
be provided according to desirable • Emergency management, including
densities and tenure. disaster management.
The liveability of an urban environment
refers to the contribution it makes to the • Municipal services.
Within this proposed residential mix will quality of life of the area’s inhabitants and • Add-on services through public /
be a component of inclusionary housing, users. This requires that the private partnerships such as an
in order to assist in achieving development’s urban environment and its urban improvement precinct.
government’s housing drive as proposed activities should contribute to the well- • The control of development through
by its “Breaking New Ground” policy. To being of its entire population (residents, land use management systems and
ensure the viability of the development, it workforce and visitors), with regard to the enforcement of by-laws.
is considered that government will assist facilities and services, public spaces and
with supporting incentives (possibly places, parks and open spaces, These aspects are to be established
additional bulk, density bonuses or other supporting engineering infrastructure, within the context of the local
mechanisms) in order to offset the recreation, entertainment and cultural municipalities’ municipal functions, as
additional costs and enable viable activities. Some principles that enable this directed by the Municipal Systems Act. In
margins. are: addition public-private partnerships (with
• The goal to ensure that all residents, businesses and land owners)
households have access to are to be investigated to enable a
3.5 Sustainable Infrastructure individual and community facilities satisfactory and integrated level of service
Development encompassing and receive equitable and delivery and support.
Energy & Resource Efficiency appropriate level of service.
• The maintenance of existing
The proposed development seeks to resources (natural and man-made)
establish an appropriate supporting and infrastructure investment,
engineering infrastructure and social including rehabilitating and
facilities provision that is directed by sustaining ageing infrastructure
energy and resource efficiency, placing before its deterioration beyond
the infrastructure development on a recovery, and the provision of new
sustainable trajectory. service infrastructure.
• Ensuring full service provision of
Within the context of an undersupply of community facilities, guided by
infrastructure services in the wider sub- service standards and necessary
region, as well as the lack of capacity operating funds required to sustain
within the current systems, and in these facilities on a day-to-day
particular electricity, sewerage and water, basis.
a sustainable infrastructure development
approach is required to service the 3.6.2 Sense of Place
development. This is to include principles
such as: Lynch (1960), in “The Image of the City”
• Energy efficiency and the use of introduces the concept of ‘imageability’,
alternative energy sources. which he defines as that quality in a
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14. Cradle City Master Plan Section 4: Alignment with Spatial Development Policy
Figure 4-1:
Lanseria
Development
Framework 2020
(April 2008, City of
Johannesburg)
Figure 4-2:
Mogale City Spatial
Development Framework
Figure 4-3:
Region 5 Spatial
Development Framework
(City of Tshwane SDF)
Page 4 /1

15. Cradle City Master Plan Section 4: Alignment with Spatial Development Policy
4.0 ALIGNMENT WITH SPATIAL 4.3 City of Tshwane SDF
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES OF
LOCAL AUTHORITIES The Tshwane SDF identifies the
Crocodile River and environs, abutting
The development proposals contained in Cradle City to the north, as an important
the Cradle City concur with the spatial natural, leisure and recreational area. The
development policies and directives of the Region 5 Spatial Development
three local municipalities. Framework identifies this area as a
management zone, allowing for low
intensity development, comprising
4.1 City of Johannesburg: environmentally friendly residential
estates, leisure and tourism facilities.
The City of Johannesburg’s (CoJ)
Lanseria Development Framework 2020
spatial development plan for the wider
Lanseria sub-region (Figure 4-1) includes
the following:
• The establishment of a freight
corridor structured around
Malibongwe Drive (K29), allowing
commercial and limited residential
development.
• The reinforcement of the K-route
road network; reinforcing proposed
connections and the introduction of
public transport.
• The establishment of two mixed use
nodes within the sub-region: The
Lanseria Metropolitan Node and a
district node.
• The consolidation of commercial and
business activities around Lanseria
airport, allowing for the expansion of
airport-related activities.
• Further commercial and light
industrial development, particularly
in relation to the Malibongwe Drive
freight corridor.
The resultant land use structure (Figure
4-2) proposed by the city has been
incorporated into the Cradle City master
plan, ensuring correlation between the
initiatives. It includes the commercial /
airport expansion zone around the
Lanseria airport and the mixed use node
in the southern part of the site.
The associated land uses, comprising
retail, commercial, office and high density
residential have also been also been
incorporated.
4.2 Mogale City SDF
The Mogale City SDF’s land use structure
in the north is currently viewed as a
district mixed use node, it is defined as a
“mixed land use zone”. This is to
comprise environmentally sensitive
development (low density residential,
hospitality, leisure and tourism facilities)
abutting the Crocodile River system. This
is complemented by mixed use
developments with retail, commercial,
office, and high density residential in
relation to the Lanseria airport expansion
The Cradle City master plan incorporates
these land use activities.
Page 4 /2

16. Cradle City Master Plan Section 5: Consolidating the Development Direction
Figure 5-1: The Three Triggers- Development Catalysts
Page 5 /1

17. Cradle City Master Plan Section 5: Consolidating the Development Direction
5.0 CONSOLIDATING THE secondary movement system, which, development synergies with the
DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION together with existing road infrastructure Cradle of Humankind World
is connected at as many points as Heritage Site and the existing
The development direction is possible on the loop system, providing the residential lifestyle developments
consolidated from the established critical access to sustain long term and leisure / tourism activities.
objectives and the outlined spatial development. • The development of the Airport
development policies of the local Gateway & Business Park (Lanseria
municipalities. It focuses on five aspects: There are proposals by the City of Business Park), a component of the
• Placemaking Johannesburg to link the BRT system to first phase of development. This is
• Movement & Access the entrance of the Lanseria airport, predicated on existing development
• Sustainable Community giving the land holding public transport rights and the proximity of services
• Realising Policy access. This has the potential to be infrastructure which is also utilised
• Development Catalysts extended and augmented. by the Lanseria airport. Services
support to expansion & development
of the airport, integration
5.1 The Three Places 5.3 A Quality Live, Work & Play • The first component of the Urban
Environment Living Centre – lifestyle… the
The opportunity that stands out comprises provision the beginnings of a mixed
the potential to establish three distinct All urban policies and the objectives use node, based on a regional
and unique places: promote the establishment of a quality shopping, the current lack of which
urban environment. In this regard the frustrates a burgeoning residential
• In the north the idea of “The Green desired quality must not be equated with market in the area, combined with
Coast” area with lifestyle, tourism high income, i.e. implying that quality can office & business space, and high
and leisure development: only be achieved in such areas. Rather, density residential
- Lifestyle the quality urban environment to be
- Cultural Heritage achieved here is based on a holistic and
- Tourism sustainable development approach, which The development direction outlined herein
- Leisure-Recreation-Sport protects and enhances the natural is in synergy and compliance with the
environment, enables sensible economic spatial planning by the City of
• In the center the Airport area growth and realises social justice (access Johannesburg and adjacent
“Lanseria Airport, Business, for all people to urban opportunity, municipalities. How the compliance is
Industrial, and Tourism Gateway” accommodating a diversity of activities achieved is outlined in the following
area: and residential environments, and the section.
- Aero city provision of supporting social and cultural
- Health City facilities).
- Business & Industrial
- Hotels
5.4 Realising Spatial Planning Policy
• In the south an “Urban Living
The development proposals both from the
Centre” area:
public sphere (local government) and the
- Regional Mixed Use Node &
private sphere (land owners and
Commercial Centre
developers) are working in synergy,
- Integrated Residential
affording the opportunity to realise spatial
- Business
planning policy. The latter includes:
- Industrial
• The establishment of the Lanseria
Mixed Use node, kick-starting phase
5.2 Getting There: Access & 1 which is estimated to be 70% of
Connectivity the land area.
• Establishing peripheral mixed use to
Albeit that current connectivity and regional and district nodes.
access is somewhat constrained, the • Establishing mixed density
proposed PWV freeways & K-routes development.
establish a comprehensive movement • Realising the incremental
lattice, which releases significant development of infrastructure
development potential. services and social facilities.
• Realising mixed residential
The existing and planned road development, as well as inclusionary
infrastructure connects to the land-holding housing.
peripherally, establishing strategic • Growing the city economy, yielding
connections with other parts of the urban an increased rates base and
system, and providing critical access. establishing employment
opportunities.
Unlocking the site’s access is achieved by
a central spine (punching through – under
- the Airport would be first prize). If the 5.5 The Triggers: Development
continuous spine is not achieved, the Catalysts
southern and northern portion will each
have a central spine and associated loop A number of current development trends
road. and initiatives form the basis for three
development catalysts that can kick-start
An overall loop movement system is to be the physical development (Figure 5-1):
established, comprising Malibongwe • The establishment of a Tourism and
Drive, the K31, the K215 and Cedar Road Leisure Node in the northern
extension. This is overlain by a proposed precinct. This is predicated on
Page 5 /2

18. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-1: The Overall Spatial Structure
Page 6 / 1

19. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.0 THE CRADLE CITY MASTER topography, combined with existing (and
PLAN proclaimed) nature areas, as well as
lifestyle estate developments. To the
The Cradle City Master Plan comprises a north-west and west the development
series of interrelated sub-plans. Each of falls within the interface zone of the
these have their particular focus, yet form Cradle of Humankind World Heritage site.
an integral part of the wider whole,
fulfilling a particular role, that in The core of the land-holding is the
combination form a co-ordinated and Lanseria International Airport. Albeit not in
integrated master plan. The components the ownership of Amari land, it forms the
include: knuckle around which the development is
taking place. The benefits are the existing
• A movement system and infrastructure to which connections can
transportation plan, in support of the be established, forming a base for
proposed development rights. This consolidation and future expansion. The
is in support of current transport constraints are that the airport effectively
planning by the Province and the forms a development vacuum, where the
affected three municipalities. They edges can be intensified and links
will indicate proposals for roads, between the north and south formed
road reserves and cross sections, as along its perimeter.
well as public transport, cycle paths
and pedestrian sidewalks and paths. Consequently the development is
• Underpinning and directing the land structured into three components:
use allocation is an Environmental
Impact Assessment, and associated 6.1.1 The north; the idea of “The Green
specialist studies, which outline a Coast” area with lifestyle, tourism
series of environmental principles. and leisure development
• A land use plan and rights informed (Lifestyle / Cultural Heritage /
by specialist investigations of current Leisure-Recreation-Sport).
market trends, the capacity of the
land holding, and the overall 6.1.2 The core; the idea of the
development objectives. “Lanseria Business Industrial,
• Engineering services plans which and Tourism Gateway” area
support the proposed rights and (Aero city / Health City / Business,
indicate bulk services facilities and Industrial / Hotels / Residential
proposals. Mixed Use).
• An Urban Design Plan that indicates
key developments and foci of the 6.1.3 The south; the idea of the “Urban
development and their form, public Living Centre” area (Regional
environment proposals and Commercial Centre / Integrated
illustrates the spatial and physical Residential / Business /
relationship between roads and the Industrial).
built form. It also includes public
open space and landscaping
proposals, as well as social and
cultural facilities.
6.1 The Overall Spatial Structure
The overall spatial structure (Figure 6-1)
is predicated on the establishment of an
access matrix and sub-regional
connectivity route network. This forms a
strong development lattice. The latter
connects to the existing and planned road
infrastructure at as many points as
possible, providing key connectivity to
sustain long term development. The land-
holding access is achieved by the
establishment of new road links, and the
upgrading of existing road infrastructure,
to establish a ring road around the land-
holding. This is reinforced by the planned
north-south PWV-3 freeway development.
and the existing N14 freeway.
The alignment of this is adjusted
according to the identified
environmentally sensitive areas, which
are closely associated with the various
river systems in the area. The
development is contained in the north and
east by major river systems and their
associated hilly and undulating
Page 6 / 2

20. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-2: The Movement System
Page 6 / 3

21. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.2 Movement System and proposed development. It is
Transportation Plan proposed to include an additional
dedicated bus lane to accommodate
The proposed Provincial PWV and K- the proposed Cradle City ring road
Route road networks form a potential distribution system. This may be a
movement and development lattice that is possibility in the long-term, but is not
to direct the future development of the currently planned by the city.
region and the land-holding. This is • The proposed K31 is a key east-
overlaid by a secondary movement west route, which passes along the
network and public transport system, northern edge of Lanseria Airport,
which refines the development lattice to and intersects with all the major
enable local connectivity and access. north-south road systems: The
PWV3, Malibongwe Drive (K29
6.2.1 Movement Lattice R512), the Lanseria Airport access,
and the K31. This route links with
The movement lattice forms a matrix of Beyers Naude extension (in the far
access and connections, which structure west), enabling access to the Cradle
the Lanseria Cradle City site (Figure 6-2). of Human Kind World Heritage Site),
The system consists of: and intersects with the Wiliam Nicol
• The loop road and central boulevard (R511) extension in the far east, and
spine. on to eastern routes which connect
• The NS and EW link roads. In the into southern Centurion of the City of
north these are meandering with the Tshwane, and eventually the
nature of the environment (following Centurion CBD.
the topography and undulating hill-
sides and river valleys). In the south 6.2.2 Central Boulevard: Activity Street
they are structured more formally as
a distorted street grid, adjusted It is envisaged that the proposed central
according to topography, river boulevard, which forms a central spine
courses and sensitive natural through Cradle City (with a potential link
environments, and form a pattern of under the airport), will be developed to
city blocks. the standard of an Activity Street as
• A secondary and local street system defined in the CoJ SDF.
is established, forming fine-grained
city blocks and enhanced access.
The associated time frame for the
development of the proposed Provincial
PWV and K-Routes remains uncertain.
However, they have formed the primary
structure of the lattice. They include:
• The PWV 3, a north-south freeway
interchanging with the N14, K29 and
K31. This proposed freeway is
aligned in parallel with Malibongwe
Drive, forming a major north- south
mobility route, with a systems
interchange with the N14. This will
potentially add to the regional
accessibility to the site, and provide
links to the economic core of the
Province.
• Within the proposed freeways are a
series of high order mobility K-
routes, both in an east-west and
north-south direction. Of particular
significance to the site are the
existing K29 (Malibongwe Drive)
north / south route and the existing
K33 (CedarRoad), again linking east
- west to Cosmo City.
• The K29 (Malibongwe Drive) will be
upgraded to a dual carriageway in a
north-south direction. Similarly the
K33 (upgrading of Cedar Road).
• A new access interchange with the
N14 is proposed adjacent and east
of the site.
• The planned K-215 north-south
route has been extended to the
north and together with other
secondary roads forms a ring road
around the development. This will
increase the connectivity and will
allow for better circulation within the
Page 6 / 4

22. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Note: TOD structured around
BRT stop and route, as
proposed by CoJ.
Figure 6-3: The Public Transport System
Page 6 / 5

23. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.2.3 Public Transport • A mixture of high density residential
typologies, at a density that supports
The movement lattice allows for a public transport.
diversity of public transport possibilities • Well managed vehicular movement,
(Figure 6-3). These are to be guided by access and parking, to avoid
the proposed phasing of the pedestrian / vehicular conflict and
development, the existing public transport reduce vehicular dominance of the
services that are presently available along area.
Malibongwe Drive and the proposed The above complies with the policy of the
implementation of the Strategic Public City of Johannesburg SDF 2007/8 (June
Transport Network (BRT) by the City of 2007).
Johannesburg. The plan will thus enable
a diversity of people to access and move The envisaged Cradle City movement
within the development. system and transport plan, as outlined
above, will support the following
The City of Joburg is establishing a Bus development paradigms of the City of
Rapid Transport system along the major Johannesburg’s Growth and
north-south routes of the R512 (K29 / Development Strategy:
Malibongwe Drive) / Lanseria; the R511 • Proactive absorption of the poor.
(William Nicol Drive Extension) / • Balanced and shared growth.
Fourways to Diepsloot and links to • Facilitated social mobility.
Sunninghill. The Johannesburg Bus • Settlement restructuring.
Rapid Transport system is planned to be
extended on Malibongwe Drive (K29) up
to the entrance of Lanseria airport.
It is considered that in the long term, the
public transport will be extended to form a
loop within the development. This is not
being planned by the city but is an option
for the development. A further possibility
in the long term may be a Gautrain link as
well as other rail links to Tshwane and
Krugersdorp. A rail system is currently
being investigated for high volume /
freight transportation flows.
6.2.4 K29 (Malibongwe Drive) Freight
Corridor
The CoJ’s Lanseria Development
Framework 2020 proposes, as a result of
existing and planned commercial and
industrial developments along its length,
the consolidation of its development into a
fully fledged freight corridor. The caveat is
that it must be supported by the
development of bulk services, for which
the municipality is not taking
responsibility. This freight corridor has
been incorporated into the Cradle City
Master Plan.
6.2.5 Transport Orientated
Development (TOD)
Given the impetus of Cradle City to
incorporate viable public transport
systems, the development proposes the
establishment of mixed use activities and
higher density residential development
particularly around BRT stations, along
their routes, and at future railway stations.
This essentially supports and complies
with the objectives of enabling Transport
Orientated Development (TOD). This is
typically characterised by:
• A degree of mixed use activity
(convenience retail, local business
and commercial, social facilities
public amenities, recreation-
entertainment & cultural amenities).
• Pedestrian friendly environments,
with open space, public parks and
piazza’s.
Page 6 / 6

24. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-4: Public Environment Structuring Elements
Page 6 / 7

25. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.3 Public Environment, Landscape 6.3.2 Environmental Sensitivities Vegetation;
and Natural Environment Plan - 3. Riparian Vegetation; and
The environmental sensitivities of the - 4. Alien woodlands.
The quality of the public environment is land-holding, predicated on the extensive • Site sensitivities (Figure 6-5)
key to creating both land value and a river systems and associated tributaries - 1. Wetland and associated
quality living environment that elicits use within and adjacent to the land-holding, vegetation and
and enjoyment. This builds on and and the development imperatives of the - 2. Riparian area
integrates the natural environment system Cradle of Human Kind World Heritage This includes potential habitat of
and associated ecological sensitivities Site, implicate both the proposed urban Red Data species.
that exist on the land-holding. structure of Cradle City, and the • Red Data Species for which
development of its public environment evidence was found on the site:
6.3.1 Public Environment Structuring area. - 1. Pyxicephalus adspersus
Elements (Giant Bullfrog)
The environmental sensitivity studies - A skeleton of a Giant Bullfrog
In the framework there are a number of (Figure 6-5), comprising a preliminary was found on site A. Within the
public environment systems (Figure 6-4): ecological assessment (Source: SEF, 5 urban edge, a buffer of at least
May 2008), are summarised as follows: 60m around the outer edge of
• The large natural riverside open • Biome: Grassland wetlands should be adhered to
space in the north providing a • Regional Vegetation: Egoli Granite where the Giant Bullfrog
“Green Coast” for the tourism Grassland (Mucina & Rutherford, occurs. Parts of the site fall
facilities, low density residential and 2006). outside the urban edge where
/ or even a golf course is a potential. • Status of Regional Vegetation: a buffer of 500m should be
Endangered (Mucina & Rutherford, respected around wetlands
• The sensitive river wetlands in the 2006). (GDACE, 2006). The new draft
southern portion of the site, • Vegetation found on site: GDACE Requirements for
establishing a green lung and - 1. Disturbed Egoli Granite Biodiversity Assessments
extensive natural landscape. Grassland (Secondary stipulate buffer zones of
Grassland); 1000m (GDACE, 2008).
• A system of hard landscaped - 2. Hydrophilic (Wetland)
squares and soft landscaped formal
parks which are associated with the
central spine and loop road, and the
core retail facility.
• The hard public space and soft
public space networks are linked to
the natural open space and river
systems. The latter form part of the
overall network, forming an
integrated network of natural open
space and public environment.
• The primary hard public spaces
(urban squares and piazza’s) have
been located at the proposed public
transport (BRT) stations. The public
facilities are predominantly within an
approximate walking time of 12.5
minutes (or 1’000 metres).
• The envisaged community facilities
have been positioned at strategic
locations along the public
environment and open space
network, enabling complementary
use. They are strategically located
within each of the sub-precincts,
enabling easy access and
integration with proposed activity
patterns.
• The road reserves are an important
part of the open space system and
should be heavily landscaped and
tree-lined, creating the precedent for
the environmental quality that the
Cradle City promotes. A series of
boulevards and avenues will be
established throughout the
development, with appropriately
landscaped medians.
Figure 6-5: Environmental Sensitivity
Page 6 / 8

26. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-6: Cradle of Human Kind- Development Zones
Page 6 / 9

27. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
This will consume most of the • Sustainability and Environmental
proposed site and it is thus Justice
advised that the suitable
foraging, breeding, aestivation The plan supports the fundamental
etc habitats on the site should principle of the City of Johannesburg to
thus be assessed by a establish a sustainable and quality living
qualified herpetologist in order environment for all of the city’s users
to inform relevant buffer through the effective management of the
zones around the wetlands city’s environmental resources and the
(GDACE, 2008). enforcement of environmental legislation
• Red Data Species with a possibility (CoJ SDF, June 2007). The
of occurrence on the site: environmental plan and associated
- 1. Tyto capensis (Grass Owl). principles outlined here form the
- Suitable habitat exists on foundation to the more detailed
the site, but no evidence of environmental planning and green
their occurrence was found. building design that will be undertaken at
- 2. Pyxicephalus adspersus a precinct level. At the latter stage the
(Giant Bullfrog). A skeleton of a city’s JMOSS principles be applied in
Giant Bullfrog was found on greater detail, as will its environmental
site A. Further investigation management framework and associated
is needed to confirm the Giant guidelines.
Bullfrog’s usage of the site.
- 3. Eupodotis specie (Korhaan).
A couple of Korhaan were
flushed from the grasslands on
site B. The birds could not be
positively identified. Follow-up
visits were made in an attempt
to encounter the birds again,
but to no avail.
• Conservation concerns: River,
wetlands, Giant Bullfrog and
Korhaan
Conclusion: High sensitivity concentrated
around wetlands, rivers and their
associated buffer zones. This also
includes the habitat of Pyxicephalus
adspersus Bullfrog, Tyto capensis (Grass
Owl) and a Eupodotis specie (Korhaan).
The development will focus on combining
land value creation, tied to management
of resource, and a quality living
environment that elicits use and
enjoyment. The former are also the basis
for the environmental impact assessment
and associated outcomes, to enable
environmental integration and legislative
compliance.
The development implications Cradle of
Human Kind World Heritage Site have
also been taken into consideration. The
northern section, i.e. ”Green Coast”
portion, falls within the development
catchment zone of the heritage site
(Figure 6-6). The proposed land use
activities for this zone are: Leisure,
tourism, lifestyle estates, recreational and
residential development. Agriculture and
conservation land use activities are also
permitted. Mining and industrial activities
are considered to be incompatible.
The Green Coast precinct will incorporate
compatible land use activities as
recommended above.
The envisaged Cradle City Public
Environment, Landscape and Natural
Environment Plan, as outlined above, will
support the following development
paradigms of the City of Johannesburg’s
Growth and Development Strategy:
Page 6 /10

28. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-7: Land Use Activities
Page 6 /11

29. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.4 Land Use Activities, Community The configuration of the land use
Facilities and Housing activities was directed by the following
principles.
Cradle City will yield a diversity of land • Existing spatial planning policies, as
use activities, with supporting social outlined above.
facilities and a range of residential • Ensuring that the various
environments, to enable the realisation of development areas and capacity of
a sustainable and holistic development. It the land-holding respects the
is estimated that this new town in town established environmental
will accommodate approximately: sensitivities.
• A total of 240,000 people. • The strategic location of the “best
• This includes about 80,000 appropriate land use” in relation to
residents. the proposed natural open space
• 31,000 residential units for different and public environment network.
markets. • Ensuring appropriate matching of
the built fabric, the massing thereof,
6.4.1 Mixed Land Use Activities & the intensity of activity, to the access
Densification and connectivity of the movement
system. In order to maximise the
The land uses of the development potential of the movement system to
(Figure 6-7) comprise a mix of activities. generate and support the envisaged
The types of land uses and activities have urban activity.
been aligned with those of the Lanseria • Ensuring that mixed us urban
Development Framework 2020 of the City development is established at a
of Johannesburg. These include: horizontal level within the sub-
precincts, as well as vertical mixed
• Metropolitan Nodal Mixed Use use in buildings in areas of highest
• Metropolitan Nodal Periphery Mixed intensity and density (such as in the
Use nodal areas and their periphery).
• District Nodal Mixed Use
• District Nodal Periphery Mixed Use The mixed land use activity approach is
• Airport Expansion Zone underpinned by establishing an
• Medium Density Residential Zone appropriate level of development
• Low Density Residential Zone intensity, supported by appropriate
• Commercial and Light Industrial densities. The concentration and
Zone intensification of activities in Cradle City is
• Institutional Zone within the proposed mixed use nodes of
the land-holding. These will include a
• Conservation Area
more intense mix of activities as well
medium and higher density residential
The resultant land use activities are
development. The densification is to be
structured into three sub-precincts:
undertaken in accordance with the CoJ’s
• The northern precinct, which falls
density guidelines, directed by the
predominantly into the Mogale City
established location factors and
local municipal area: The idea of
development principles of the SDF. A
“The Green Coast” area with
particular emphasis in this regard is the
lifestyle, tourism and leisure
appropriate densification along and
development. This includes land
around relevant public transportation
uses such as low and medium
routes / infrastructure. This is to support
density residential development,
the Council’s public transport orientated
associated tourism, recreation and
development approach and the BRT that
leisure uses, with district nodal
is to service Cradle City.
periphery mixed use.
• The central precinct, adjoining The envisaged Cradle City mixed land
Lanseria airport to the north (within use activities plan, with appropriate
the City of Johannesburg intensification and densification, as
metropolitan municipality), the: outlined above, will support the following
“Lanseria Business. Industrial, and development paradigms of the City of
Tourism Gateway” area: This will Johannesburg’s Growth and
include land uses such as the Development Strategy:
airport expansion zone to establish
• Proactive absorption of the poor.
“Aero city”, the inclusion of existing
• Balanced and shared growth.
industrial, business and hotel uses,
and the inclusion of a district node • Facilitated social mobility.
mixed use which could also • Settlement restructuring.
incorporate health, leisure and
tourism uses.
• The southern precinct: (within the
City of Johannesburg metropolitan
municipality) – the proposed “Urban
Living Centre” area. This is a
metropolitan node with metropolitan
nodal and periphery mixed uses.
Page 6 /12

30. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-8: Community Facilities
Figure 6-9: Residential Development & Incremental Housing
Page 6 /13

31. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.4.2 Community Facilities
The provision of community facilities has
been undertaken in accordance with the
standards as set out in the Lanseria
Development Framework 2020 of the City
of Johannesburg. The required number of
facilities is outlined in the table below
(Table 6-a), and their location in Figure
6-8.
The master plan establishes the amount
of development rights …..
This is a framework and is being
amended constantly as planning
continues.…
Table 6-a: Proposed Community Facilities
6.4.3 Residential Development and
Inclusionary Housing
A diversity of residential development is
provided within each of the sub-precincts
(Figure 6-9). The estimated number of
units are indicated in Table 6-b. At
present estimates the development will
yield approximately 26’000 residential
units. With the application of the bonus
bulk another 5’000 units can be provided,
potentially yielding in total 31’000
residential units. This translates into a
potential residential bulk of approximately
3,700,000m². This includes 20% of floor
area for inclusionary housing. As per
National Government Housing Policy,
20% of the bulk residential floor area has
been allocated to inclusionary housing.
An indicative income split of this
inclusionary housing is: 60% / 40% to an
income range of R 7,500 – R 12,000; and
range of R 4,000 – R 7,500; respectively.
This is to be exactly determined at
precinct plan level, where precise
feasibilities and market needs will
determine the exact outcomes. The
master plan commits to the inclusionary
housing in principle.
The plan supports the following
development paradigms of CoJ’s GDS:
• Proactive absorption of the poor
• Balanced & Shared Growth
• Facilitated Social Mobility
• Settlement Restructuring
Table 6-b: Approximate Housing Yield
Page 6 /14

32. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-10: Land Budget Plan
Page 6 /15

33. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.5 Land Budget and Development A comparison has been made to show
Rights that the development complies with the
rights schedule policy of the Lanseria
A preliminary gross Land Use Budget has Development Framework 2020 of the City
been established for the master plan, and of Johannesburg. This is outlined in Table
is reflected in Table 6-c. This is in 6-d. It is noted that of the Metropolitan
accordance with the Lanseria Mixed Use Node the development is
Development Framework 2020 of the City taking up the following:
of Johannesburg. It is estimated that the • Metropolitan Mixed Use Node 4A:
development in total will yield the 65% of the area; 54% of the rights
following: and 42% of the housing.
• 750,000m² of retail. • Metropolitan Mixed Use Node 4B:
• 2,5 million m² of business / office 41% of the area; 25% of the rights
• 3,7 million m² of residential and 49% of the housing
• 1,2 million m² of industrial /
commercial
• 200,000 m² of tourism / leisure
An approximate total of 8,2 million m².
Table 6-c: Cradle City- Summary Land Use Budget
Table 6-d: Comparison of Rights- CoJ Policy & the proposed Cradle City Mixed Use Metropolitan Node
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34. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.6 Engineering Services &
Infrastructure Development Plan
The engineering services and
infrastructure development plan
comprises the following components:
• Transportation
• Bulk Sewer
• Bulk Water
• Stormwater Management
• Electricity Supply
The design of the Cradle City
infrastructure services will be based on
the design principles contained in the
guidelines for the “Provision of
Engineering Services in Residential
Townships” published by the department
of Community Development and to the
various authorities’ (City of
Johannesburg, City of Tshwane & Mogale
City) requirements for engineering
services.
All services will be installed by a
competent contractor approved by the
relevant authorities after award of the
contract by means of an acceptable
tender process. The General Conditions
of Contract for works of civil engineering
construction, standard specifications
SABS 1200 and relevant particular
specifications will pertain to the contract.
Each of these is outlined in more detail in
the following sections.
6.6.1 Transportation Plan
6.6.1.i Existing Road Network
The proposed Cradle City is located east
of the K-route R512 (K29) and Ashanti
Road (K31). The national road (N14 ) is
located south of the proposed
development.
Figure 6-11: Proposed Road Network
6.6.1.ii Proposed Road Network
The proposed development is located in
the vicinity of the following roads, as
indicated on Figure 6-11:
• Road P103-2 (K29) (R512): It is a
class 2 road running north south,
west of the development. The K29 is
a two-way single-carriageway main
collector connecting Randburg to the
south with Hartebeespoortdam to
the north. Dualling this road has
been identified as one of the
priorities of the 2010 world cup
soccer. The Lanseria airport has
been identified as a strategic
transport facility for the event. The
second carriageway will be
constructed from Cosmo City to just
north of the Lanseria airport
intersection (K31 intersection).
According to our knowledge no
amendments to the planning of this
K-route will be required.
• N14: This national road running
south of the proposed development
Figure 6-12: Proposed Road Hierarchy
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35. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
has a diamond interchange at the • Primary Roads: circulation within the proposed
interchange of K-29 and N14. development.
• Planned K215: It is a future road, The proposed PWV3: This proposed
which is expected to be a class 2/3 freeway is located on the west of the 6.6.1.iv Access
road running north south located proposed development. This
east of the development. The future planned road runs from north to The proposed development (Cradle City)
road joins the K31 approximately south linking Randburg and Central is proposed to have direct access from
3,0km with a T-junction. The new Gauteng. It plans to interchange with the tertiary roads. The tertiary roads will
alignment is expected to meet the the K-31 and with the proposed K-33 have access to the K-routes and the K-
old alignment west of this future extension. The PWV3 connects with routes will interchange with the two
intersection. According to our the N14 with a clover interchange. freeways at four positions. The spacing of
knowledge no amendments to the To the north, the PWV 3 has access linking to the tertiary roads to the
planning of this K-route will be recently been changed to merge K-route will be a minimum of 600 meters
required. The K215 has been with the K29 for approximately 10 apart as stipulated in the Provincial
deviated near the east runway area kilometres (through the mountains) guidelines. The access from the national
to accommodate any future airport as one route and as two routes road N14 and PWV3 will be a minimum of
expansion. beyond this section. The 10 5km apart.
• Planned K31: This road is currently kilometre section may be tolled.
an access road serving the Lanseria 6.6.1.v Public Transport
airport. It is a class 3 road expected N14: The N14 is located further
to be upgraded from a single to a south of the proposed development • BRT: The BRT route has been
double carriageway with two lanes in and has an interchange at the K29. planned by Johannesburg
each direction and turning lanes at In order to provide connectivity to Metropolitan Municipality on the K29
the major intersections. The the CBD, it will require two linking to Johannesburg
alignment of this route was changed interchanges from the N14. A new Metropolitan urban area.
after a report was prepared by PWV interchange was planned 5 km east • City Distribution System: The
Consortium in March 2002 (Report of the existing interchange as proposed Cradle city will incorporate
no. 543B). Only the route stipulated in the DOT guidelines. an inner city distribution public
determination has been done for the This new interchange will join the transport system on the K215 ring
K31 and no basic planning yet. It is K215 and other tertiary roads road.
not clear from the report itself leading to the development and
whether this change in the alignment creates an east to west connection. 6.6.1.vi Rail
was done in terms of all the This new interchange will create
requirements of Act 2001. A small better connectivity, circulation and The proposed Cradle City including its
deviation on the north eastern side continuity of vehicle flows. industrial area is large enough to warrant
of the airport is proposed to rail connection. This could be located
accommodate the planned • Secondary Roads within one of the road reserves. The rail
extension 37 township. could take the form of a Gautrain Spur or
• Route K33: it is a class 2 road, The planned K215 was extended an extension of one of the Spoornet lines.
located south of the development, around the proposed development The investigation is currently being
and intersects with the K-29. The and together with other secondary undertaken.
K33 currently runs as a single roads creates a ring road. This was
carriageway west to east from the K- done to create connectivity between
29 and crosses the N14 to Cedar the north and south of the 6.6.1.vii Toll Roads
Road via an overhead bridge. The development. The tertiary roads
K-33 is the main collector from the east of development will The current Gauteng toll road strategy
connecting Fourways to the south join the K215. The K215 will does not directly affect the proposed
with Lanseria to the north. intersect with the K33 on the west of development except for the possible
the development. The K215 will PWV3 toll to the north.
6.6.1.iii Road Network Functionality cross the N14 national road via
overhead bridges.
The Cradle City proposed development is
approximately 800 hectares in extent and K33 Extension: This road is
is adjacent to the Lanseria Airport. The currently a linkage road between the
Lanseria Airport is earmarked for K29 and Cedar Road in the south. It
expansion to bring it to international has a two-way single carriageway
standards. This will create new vehicle bridge over the N14 Freeway. The
and passenger trips which will require a K33 extension extends further west
new road network in addition to the two of the K29, intersecting with the
existing roads (K-29 and N14). The proposed K215 ring road and the
proposed land use will generate proposed PWV3. Cedar Road will be
approximately 14 300 vehicle trips in the closed south of the K52 and the K33
peak direction, and which will require will replace it to the south of the K52
seven additional one-way lanes on the but more to the west. It is currently a
cordon area of the road network. The new class 3 road expected to be
proposed road network is based on the upgraded to a full dual carriageway
existing road network and the planned K-route in the future.
provincial roads. The extra road network
is being built to meet the new traffic • Tertiary Roads
demands of the new proposed
development, and is established The tertiary roads are mainly
according to a hierarchy (Figure 6-12). collector roads that carry vehicle
To accommodate the new vehicle trips traffic to high order roads. The
the following is proposed: tertiary roads will help internal
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36. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-13: Proposed Bulk Infrastructure Services Plan
Page 6 /19

37. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.6.2 Services Infrastructure- Affairs, and a license to discharge treated
Water Reticulation effluent will be applied for at the same
department.
Water master planning has been
executed on behalf of Johannesburg
Water for the “Lanseria Corridor”, by
Messrs GLS Consulting Engineers.
It is envisaged to provide regional water
storage reservoirs for the purposes of
water reticulation. (Figure 6-13)These will
be supplied by a new water supply line
from the Sonneglans Reservoir.
Johannesburg Water is the utility
company of the City of Johannesburg that
would be providing water to the
development. Figure 6-14 shows the bulk
water supply scheme in diagrammatic
format.
It is understood that currently there are
severe financial and resource constraints
that may hinder the roll-out of water
services infrastructure to the
development. In this regard alternative
possibilities and interim solutions will be
investigated, undertaken in the context of
the City of Johannesburg’s capital
investment programmes and the future
planning of Johannesburg Water for the
area. The roll-out of water provision for
the development will be set out in a heads
of agreement between the developer and
Joburg Water.
6.6.3 Services Infrastructure-
Sewer Reticulation Figure 6-14: Proposed Bulk Water Supply
Master planning for waste water
treatment has been executed on behalf of
Johannesburg Water by Messrs GLS
Consulting Engineers. Various
pumpstations, rising mains, gravity
sewers and waste water treatment plants
are proposed, as indicated in Figure 6-
13. Figure 6-15 is an extract of the
master planning that has been
undertaken.
A planned roll-out of the various phases
of the development will determine the
positioning of interim waste water
treatment plants, pumpstations, rising
mains and gravity sewers, until such time
as the construction of the permanent
Lanseria Waste Water Treatment Plant is
justified.
Primary treatment will be by way of
activated sludge chambers, secondary
treatment by way of planted soil filters
and sludge treatment by way of sludge
drying beds. No chemical treatment is
envisaged.
The interim plants will be required to be
approved by Johannesburg Water.
Effluent discharge from the plant will be
used primarily for on-site irrigation, with
an option to discharge to the water
courses within the development. The Figure 6-15: Proposed Bulk
effluent discharge is to meet the Sewer Reticulation
standards set by the Department of Water
Page 6 /20

38. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-16: Electricity Estimates
Figure 6-17: Electricity Plan
Page 6 /21

39. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.6.4 Services Infrastructure- • Power requirements of proposed 6.6.5.iv Conclusion
Stormwater Management developments in Northern Precinct:
The Cradle City development falls in line
Stormwater attenuation ponds / structures The load estimate for the Northern with Eskom’s long term macro planning.
are proposed within the development, as Precinct is: Final planning, detail design etc will be
required by the Johannesburg Roads finalised with Eskom to fall in line with the
Agency. These stormwater attenuation Medium Density Residential zone phasing of the various internal townships
ponds / structures will be designed to 3 750 kVA via the precinct planning process.
attenuate the difference between the pre Low Density / Rural Residential zone
and post development stormwater 6 445 kVA
volumes. Discharge from attenuation District Mixed Use Nodal Core
ponds will be limited to pre-development 18 068 kVA
flow conditions for storms having a District Mixed Used Nodal Periphery
recurrence interval of 1:5 and 1:25 years. 34 574 kVA
Wetlands & Landscaped spaces
Stormwater management will necessitate 0 kVA
the installation of an underground pipe Total 62 837 kVA
system within the development to Say 62 MVA
accommodate the pre-development flows.
Attenuation ponds will be landscaped so The load estimate of 62 MVA ties in with
as to further enhance the visual and the proposed new firm supply capacity of
environmental impact of the development. 62 MVA.
Discharge to the existing stormwater 6.7.5.ii Electricity: Southern Precinct
drainage systems will be in compliance
with the requirements of the SANRAL, • Electrical Infrastructure Masterplan
Gautrans, GDACE, DWAF & City of
Joburg City Parks and CoJ Environmental The Southern Precinct will be serviced via
Planning and Management. These will be the proposed new Ithuba substation
designed in a manner that discharges (short term) and the proposed new Cradle
predevelopment flow stormwater at 45 City South substation (long term) as
degrees on the existing floodlines, so as indicated in Figure 6-17. These
to minimise the impact on the substations will have the following
watercourses. maximum supply capacities :
Separate reports for the various phases, Ithuba substation :
containing attenuation calculations will be Future firm capacity 120 MVA
required to be submitted to the (4 x 40 MVA transformers – phased as
Johannesburg Roads Agency for required)
approval, prior to construction. This will Proposed new Cradle City South
be incorporated into the precinct planning substation :
phase of the project. Future firm capacity 120 MVA
(4 x 40 MVA transformers – phased as
required)
6.6.5 Services Infrastructure- Therefore proposed total long term firm
Electricity capacity 240 MVA
Cradle City falls within the Eskom supply • Power requirement of proposed
region and will be split into 2 sections – developments in Southern Precinct :
i.e. the Northern Precinct and the
Southern Precinct (Figure 6-16). The load estimate for the Southern
Precinct is :
6.6.5.i Electricity: Northern Precinct
Metropolitan Mixed Use Nodal Core
• Electrical Infrastructure Masterplan 135 153 kVA
Metropolitan Mixed Use Nodal Periphery
The Northern Precinct will be serviced via 51 082 kVA
the existing Lanseria substation and the Airport Expansion Zone
proposed new Cradle City North 21 623 kVA
substation as indicated in Figure 6-17. Wetlands & Landscaped spaces
These substations will have the following 0 kVA
electrical maximum supply capacities: Total 207 858 kVA
Say 208 MVA
Lanseria substation :
Existing firm capacity 10 MVA The load estimate of 208 MVA is
Additional upgrade planned 20 MVA adequately catered for with the proposed
Subtotal 30 MVA new firm supply capacity of 240 MVA.
Less existing load 8 MVA
Future firm capacity 22 MVA 6.7.5.iii Electricity: Northern Precinct
Proposed new Cradle City North Final positioning of substations will be
substation: Future firm capacity 40 MVA determined by the phasing of the zones
(2 x 40 MVA transformers – phased as within the precincts. This will be
required): Therefore proposed total long accurately determined at the precinct
term firm capacity 62 MVA planning stage.
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40. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
Figure 6-18: The Urban Design Plan
Page 6 /23

41. Cradle City Master Plan Section 6: The Development Plan
6.7 The Urban Design Plan
The Urban Design Plan (Figure 6-18)
indicates key developments and foci of
the development and their form, public
environment proposals and illustrates the
spatial and physical relationship between
roads and the built form. It also integrates
the public open space and landscaping
proposals, as well as social and cultural
facilities.
It comprises the following components:
• Place-making, including:
- Built Form & Public Spaces
Design Guidelines.
- Sustainable Built Environment
Guidelines.
- Architectural & Green Building
Principles
• Integration of infrastructure
• Environmental sensitivity and
sustainability
• Integration of movement
These are all elaborated upon in the
following section 7, the development
principles. An example of the environment
and design that is to be achieved is
shown in Figure 6-19 below.
Figure 6-19: Artists Perspective of the Airport Industrial, Business & Tourism Gateway
Page 6 /24

42. Cradle City Master Plan Section 7: Development Principles
Figure 7-1: Example- Integration of the Built and Natural Environment
Page 7 /1

43. Cradle City Master Plan Section 7: Development Principles
7.0 THE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES to facilitate unrestricted according to the environmental
& DESIGN GUIDELINES dispersal and movement of management guidelines.
biota;
The Urban Design Plan forms the Including a diverse array of The proposed roadways are to form part
foundation to the overall development natural habitats, including of the wider open space system by the
principles that Cradle City is to realise. wetlands; incorporation of tree-lined avenues and
The development principles and design Ensuring that landscaping is boulevards, with extra wide medians and
guidelines outlined hereunder are done with indigenous plant verges, and the possibility of including
conceptual in nature and are a guide, with species; linear parkways within the road reserve.
supporting illustrations, to what should be Ensuring that all barriers In this way the roadways become an
undertaken. The specific layout and between properties are extension of the open space system,
detailed design resolution is to be permeable to wildlife e.g. forming part of the green network and
undertaken at the precinct planning stage. Palisade fencing; contributing to the establishment of a well
The guidelines are structured into four Ensuring that road curbs and designed public environment.
components: other such infrastructure are
• Environment wildlife compatible e.g. easily
• Movement & Transportation crossed with road 7.2 Movement and Transportation.
• Engineering Services & Social underpasses and or
Facilities overpasses etc. Public transport is to form a critical
• Place-making - Existing degradation should be element of the overall movement system
Each of the components is elaborated mitigated / rehabilitated, including within the development. The principles
upon in more detail. the removal of rubble and litter of are to:
any kind; • Establish public transport stops
- A management plan must be within catchments of 400m or a 5
7.1 Environment compiled to provide landscaping minute walk.
guidelines that require that • Integration of local authority public
The environmental development landscaping associated with the transport initiatives and associated
principles and design guidelines are development include forage and development principles, such as the
informed by: host plants required by pollinators City of Joburg SPTN / BRT.
• The EIA scoping assessment and and other fauna; • The incorporation of existing bus
recommendations / outcomes. - All storm water management routes and combi-taxi routes, and
• Established environmental policy. features should be constructed in a extending these to serve the
• Good practice principles. manner that will ensure the development.
continued functioning of natural
An area of suitable size and incorporating landscape, as any changes in A fundamental principle of the
all the sensitive habitats (i.e. rivers, ridges surface water flow quality or development is to enable overall
and open grasslands) on the land-holding quantity, have significant impacts on walkability and “pedestrian friendliness”,
and / or relevant site must be set aside the surrounding vegetation that in i.e. that where feasible people are able to
and managed as an urban open space. turn affects associated animal walk to facilities within a well designed,
This area must have connectivity with groups; and maintained, controlled and safe
adjacent natural open spaces. - Road crossings over any drainage environment. This requires that social
lines must be planned with the facilities and public spaces be located
Ecologically sensitive, especially the utmost care. Provision should be within 5 minutes / 400m to 10 minutes /
linear systems and meta quarts outcrops made for the continued undisrupted 800m, building on the principle of a
should be kept as ecological corridors dispersal of fauna along any walkable neighbourhood. It also requires
and managed as open spaces. Areas of drainage lines that all road reserves within Cradle City
natural vegetation should be retained as are to accommodate high quality
part of the public open space layout. The Existing roads and services must be pedestrian sidewalks.
natural area can be incorporated into the utilised as far as possible to reduce the
design of the public open spaces area infringement of the development on For the establishment of pedestrian
provided there are continued links with the natural habitat. All new / additional routes the following aspects require to be
surrounding natural vegetation that may road networks must be planned with care considered:
hold these species pollinators. to prevent the dissection or fragmentation • Connections: That the pedestrian
of any important faunal habitat types. routes connect the places and
Public open spaces should be carefully spaces that pedestrians walk to.
integrated with natural open spaces Only indigenous vegetation may be • Convenience: That the routes are
(Figure 7-1) keeping the following utilised in the landscaping of the direct and easy to use; and within
principles in mind: development. The list of species currently appropriate distances between
- Smaller, intervening patches of occurring on site (which includes many places.
surviving habitat can also serve as suitable landscaping species) should be • Convivial: The routes require being
"stepping stones" that link used as a guideline for plants to be used attractive, well lit and safe, and
fragmented ecosystems by ensuring in landscaping. The natural features of animated with a variety of activities
that certain ecological processes are the site should be managed in a holistic along the route.
maintained within and between manner. This applies to all land use • Comfortable: The footpath should be
groups of habitat fragments. development. of an appropriate quality and of an
- Create ecological corridors that appropriate width, and give
contribute to the conservation of Natural drainage gulleys must be treated protection from the elements.
as wetlands and no development may
biodiversity by: • Conspicuousness: The pedestrian
Supporting connections take place within the drainage lines. A
paths must be well marked, easy to
between remaining natural 30m buffer zone must be provided
locate and easy to follow. They must
habitat; between wetlands and any development.
be appropriately surfaced and
Supporting connections supported with signage.
between large, intact areas of Where required, the restoration of the
natural vegetation and flood plain and riparian vegetation the
The inclusion of cycling routes is also to
adjacent open space systems rehabilitation of other environmentally
form an integral part of the development.
sensitive areas must be undertaken
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44. Cradle City Master Plan Section 7: Development Principles
7(a) Airport Expansion Zone 7(b) Metropolitan Mixed-Use Nodal Core
7(c) Metropolitan Mixed-Use Nodal Periphery 7(d) District Mixed-Use Nodal Periphery
Figure 7-2: Massing Studies of Land Use Management Zones
Figure 7-3 : Urban Living Centre Mixed Use Design Exploration Figure 7-4 : Urban Living Centre Mixed Residential Exploration
Page 7 /3

45. Cradle City Master Plan Section 7: Development Principles
In general the routes require to be direct • Encourage waste minimization by The public environment and open space
and traffic-calmed, with safe places for including source separation, reuse system should be designed with clear
people to store their bikes at their and recycling. definition and enclosure, with a clear
destination. Separate cycle tracks are an • Incorporate existing building function and supporting activities. This is
incentive for people to cycle and should elements where appropriate and achieved by the establishment of a
be introduced where space allows and possible. common building line and / or build to line
where these enhance the overall • Provision of efficient storage and that creates continuity of frontage and
movement system. In more dense urban collection of waste and quality establishes definition and enclosure. The
environments, sufficiently wide design of facilities. three dimensional mass of a building
pavements must be established, to • The integration of waste defines the public realm. Accordingly
enable pedestrians and cyclists to share management processes into all building elevations and / or trees and the
the same space. They can be separated stages of the project, including the cross-sections of public environments and
through a raised kerb and / or via design stage. public spaces should be appropriately
appropriate markings. These are to be • Include on-site composting if scaled to establish the sense of urbanism
supported by cycle parking lots and possible. particular to that site and environment.
appropriate storage, and they should form • Appropriate location of storage This is supported by the establishment of
an integral part of the overall street areas and disposal of waste minimum heights.
layout. according to local authority
regulations and waste disposal The development is to include minimum
Parking is to be provided on site of the services. design criteria at a precinct level, which
various developments, with on-street accentuate the building’s relationship to
parking on the majority of the streets as Overall water conservation is an the public environment, its point of entry,
public parking. In addition strategically important principle, given the fact that parking, vehicular circulation, the security
placed public parking sites / garages are water is considered a scarce resource. In treatment of site boundaries, massing of
to be established within 400m catchments this regard the development is to built form, elevational and roof treatment,
to support the diversity and mix of establish improved water efficiency by façade modulation, vertical composition
activities. Public parking areas are to be reducing per capita potable water and relationship to adjacent /
designed with trees … reduce thermal demand from the mains and by re-using neighbouring developments. The building
heating. water, which would otherwise be lost, as massing studies of the proposed land use
run off or waste water. Principles include: management zones begin to inform the
• Requirement to harvest rainwater above (Figure 7-2).
7.3 Engineering Services and Social (through rainwater tanks) and urban
Facilities storm water runoff (through passive 7.4.2 Sustainable Built Environment
water management regimes such as Guidelines
Alternative storm water management and retention ponds where applicable, or
conservation development strategies in other means). The establishment of vertical mixed use
the overall development are important to building developments, supported by a
• The option to install two separate
achieve floral and faunal diversity and mix in land use activities (horizontal
water piping systems: potable and
ecological sustainability. Accordingly, to mixed use), enables economic viability,
grey water.
reduce storm water runoff volumes and supports public transport, reduces the
• To capture, treat and reuse waste
improve water quality, methods such as need to travel, and enables walkability.
water where appropriate.
dispersed infiltration and storage The mixed use building typology requires
strategies should be applied. These • The utilisation of grey water for that an active ground floor frontage be
include the application of conveyance landscape irrigation, car washing established, ensuring that interest, life
swales vegetated with indigenous plant and hard surface area cleaning. and vitality are added to the public realm
species, infiltration buffers, wetland • The establishment of water efficient (Figure 7-3). It also ensures that mono-
biofilters and detention lakes or ponds. landscapes by the planting of use areas are avoided, which result in the
indigenous vegetation and serviced inefficient and under-utilisation of
It is recognised that impervious surfaces by efficient water deliver systems infrastructure and services.
in urban areas significantly increase water (e.g. drip irrigation).
run-off with negative environmental Included in the mixed use principle is the
impacts. In this regard it is recommended The location of social facilities within provision of a mixed residential / housing
that permeable surface areas (for walkable pedestrian sheds of 5 minutes / typology and associated tenure mix. This
pavements, driveways and other areas) 400m and 10 minutes / 800m will enable people from diverse income
be created in order to retain the water- respectively. If this is not feasible, then groups to live in the development. This is
retaining function of the soil in the urban appropriate access to public transport is to be underpinned by a design approach
landscape. required. that ensures a quality building design and
aesthetics, with associated management
Application of alternative and more regimes, to ensure upkeep of standards
environmentally sustainable energy 7.4 Place-making Guidelines and appropriate maintenance of the
sources, such as solar power, wind development (Figure 7-4).
energy and the utilisation of gas. 7.4.1 Built Form & Public Spaces
Design Guidelines An important component in the
The development aims to establish an establishment of a sustainable built
overall waste management regime which The establishment of multifunctional environment is the inclusion of the
minimises waste and properly manages public spaces serves a dual role: they appropriate number of social facilities.
the waste disposal process. This limits extend the opportunity for economic Increased residential densities increase
the potentially harmful impacts on the exchange and promote socialisation and the demand for these facilities. In general
environment and can contribute to the interaction. Well-designed and managed the facilities should be clustered and / or
visual and physical amenity of the public spaces can contribute to improved included in the vertical mix of buildings, in
developments and its built form. safety and security and, by enhancing the order to maximise on synergies of usage,
Minimising waste is relevant to all stages quality of the environment, stimulate as well as reduce expansive land
of a development’s / building’s lifecycle, investment and social cohesion within the requirements. For example sports fields
from construction to demolition. It also development. can accommodate two or more sport
includes the way in which waste is stored activities, school halls can double up as
and collected. Principles include: community halls for meetings etc.
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46. Cradle City Master Plan Section 7: Development Principles
Figure 7-5 : Green Building Principles
Page 7 /5

47. Cradle City Master Plan Section 7: Development Principles
to the principles and objectives of streets enhance pedestrian comfort and
‘Secured by Design’. These principles disperse vehicle emissions and air-
include designing public spaces and conditioning plant exhausts.
access ways so that they are overlooked Redevelopments and new developments
by developments, i.e. increasing natural are to satisfy nominated wind standards
surveillance, provided with good lighting and maintain comfortable conditions for
(preventing dark, secluded or remote pedestrians. Building design should
areas) and clear sight lines to ensure minimise adverse wind effects. In
good visibility. In this regard the spatial accordance with the controls to ensure
and design principles outlined in public safety and comfort, the required
Designing Safer places – A Manual for maximum wind criteria that building
Crime Prevention through Planning and developments are to adhere to, are to be
Design (Kruger T et al., South African established at a precinct level.
Police Service & CSIR, Pretoria, 2001)
are to be applied. In general lighting pollution is to be
minimised:
• Avoid light trespass and glare
7.4.3 Architectural & Green Building originating from street and security
Principles lighting. Fit “full cut-off” luminaries to
limit the amount of light trespass and
Energy efficiency and conservation is be to control light output and restrain
enabled (Figure 7-5) by the ability of the glare.
building to optimise thermal performance, • When vertical structures or surfaces
thermal comfort and daylight. Measures are lit, such as building facades or
must reduce the necessity for mechanical signs, direct the light downwards if
heating and cooling, minimise possible. If the only alternative is to
greenhouse gas emissions and use the up-light the element, the correct
natural climatic advantages of the luminaire must be fitted to avoid light
development’s location such as cooling spillage.
summer breezes, and exposure to
unobstructed winter sun. Controls in this
regard are to include:
• Assessment of energy performance
requirements and consumption
levels (these will have to be
established).
• Incorporation of passive solar design
techniques to optimise heat storage
in winter and heat transfer in
summer by
- maximising thermal mass in
floor and walls in northern rooms of
buildings.
- Insulating roof/ceiling/ external
walls to minimise overshadowing.
- Improve the control of
mechanical space heating and
cooling by targeting heating/cooling
systems to particular areas,
maximising natural ventilation, and
including adjustable awnings and
blinds.
To support water conservation, an
appropriate use of fixtures and appliances
is required which reduce water
consumption and utilise water more
efficiently. This would include the
covering of swimming pools and the
utilisation of more water efficient irrigation
systems for gardens and open spaces.
Building developments are to minimise
sunlight reflection. This is to reduce
potentially hazardous glare for
pedestrians and motorists. It is also to
avoid additional heat load on other
buildings. In this regard reflective glass
may not be allowed on any building.
Windy conditions can cause discomfort
and danger to pedestrians, and
downdrafts from buildings can inhibit the
growth of street trees. Conversely,
moderate breezes that penetrate the
Page 7 /6

48. Cradle City Master Plan Section 8: Precinct Structure, Precinct Plans & Phasing
Figure 8-1: The Cradle City Precinct Structure
Page 8 /1

49. Cradle City Master Plan Section 8: Precinct Structure, Precinct Plans & Phasing
8.0 THE PRECINCT STRUCTURE, form and place making, and green forum for the precinct, including local
PRECINCT PLANS AND PHASING building and architectural principles. land owners, business, residents
and the local authorities and their
The next stage, once approval has been utilities.
8.1 The Precinct Structure obtained for the Cradle City Master Plan, • The establishment of a detailed
will be the establishment of Precinct implementation strategy. This will
The Cradle City development has been Plans. outline:
structured into a series of precincts - Costing and where applicable
(Figure 8-1). This will enable a more establishment of business plans.
manageable approach to the 8.3 Precinct Plan Requirements - Infrastructure development
development and form the basis to the phasing, according to agreed
precinct planning process. The Precinct Plan comprises the detailed time frames and based on an
planning and design of an area within the incremental approach.
The structure of the precincts has been land-holding in order to realise its physical - Responsibilities and
informed by: development. The precinct area is defined accountability; including
• Existing development energies and according to its characteristics and the establishment of heads of
expansion opportunities. proposed development phasing. The agreement regarding
• Environmental sensitivity & natural components of a precinct plan include: infrastructure provision and
features; topography etc. • Establishment of a precinct services.
• The principle of establishing a development concept according to - Development management:
walkable environment. the master plan. technical and administrative co-
• Refinement of the development ordination and support.
A total of three precincts and associated concept into a precinct plan with:
sub-precincts have been established: - Undertaking an Environmental The precinct plans are to form the basis
• “The Green Coast” Impact Assessment with for the variety of heads of agreements
• The “Lanseria Airport Business, resultant Environmental that require to be established with local
Industrial, and Tourism Gateway” Management Framework. and provincial authorities, as well as the
• The “Urban Living Centre” - A detailed land use plan, with associated utilities and agencies such as
land use rights to site level of Eskom and Rand Water.
detail. This will yield a detailed
zoning plan and associated
8.2 Package of Plans Approach development rights (floor area,
height, coverage, parking etc.)
The management of the development, as - A detailed transportation and
outlined in the introduction, is directed by traffic plan, including traffic
a package of plans approach. This impact study. This will include
encompasses the establishment of a proposals and designs for the
master plan, out of which precinct plans inclusion of public transport,
are established for specific components cycle ways and pedestrian
of the development. Each precinct plan paths.
will form the basis to their respective site - A detailed engineering services
development plans, and then detailed plan, including local
building plans. reticulation, as well as a
service plan design (and
The outcomes of this master plan stage costing).
for Cradle City are as follows: - The establishment of a detailed
• Outlining policy compliance with urban design plan and
existing sub-regional planning and supporting design codes. This
existing spatial development will deal with the street
frameworks of the local authorities. environment, the pedestrian
• The incorporation of the outcomes network, environmental
and directives from an improvements, mixed use,
Environmental Impact Scoping of densities, building massing
the land-holding. and heights, residential
• The establishment of a Land Use typologies, block structure and
Plan, with overall land use rights. urban grain, edge treatment
This includes the required provision and landmark buildings,
of social facilities, public open emergency management and
space, sport facilities and recreation. public safety & building design
guidelines.
• The establishment of a
- Undertaking required public
Transportation Plan, including road
participation processes.
network planning, public transport
and traffic management • The establishment of a detailed
requirements. management framework. This will
outline in detail co-ordination with
• The establishment of an Engineering
local authorities, town planning
Services Plan, determining the bulk
approvals and controls, and the
water, sewerage, electricity and
possibility of establishing community
stormwater requirements for the
improvement districts, and other
development. The plan also includes
forms of public-private partnerships
a phasing strategy for this
etc. to enable the urban
component.
management of the development.
• The establishment of an Urban
This may also investigate the option
Design Plan, establishing directives
of establishing a design review
and principles with regard to the
process, as well as a development
proposed built environment, urban
Page 8 /2

50. Cradle City Master Plan Section 8: Precinct Structure, Precinct Plans & Phasing
Note: Architectural
impressions of Phase 1
development: Lanseria
Business Park
Note: Architectural impressions
of initial part of Urban Living
Centre development
Figure 8-2: Proposed Phasing Sequence
Page 8 /3

51. Cradle City Master Plan Section 9: Conclusion
8.4 Proposed Phasing benefits, supporting the Growth and • The application of the precinct
Development Strategy paradigm of planning process for the approval of
The phasing of the Cradle City balanced and shared growth. township establishment and zoning
development initiative is directed by the • A sustainable settlement form that rights. This is to go hand in hand
existence of existing rights, where includes a mixed use and compact with compliance of associated
development can commence within the urban form, with a full spectrum of statutory requirements and policies,,
context of the master plan principles and supporting social facilities and such as environment, traffic and
directives. The second aspect implicating services, and a quality public infrastructure, social facilities and
the phasing is the roll-out of service environment. It reinforces and local economic development. It
infrastructure, as currently new applies the nodal development enables the incremental
infrastructure has to be provided. Figure strategy of the City of development of the land-holding and
8-2 outlines a possible phasing sequence. Johannesburg, establishing the ensures compliance at all levels,
nodes on the site as per approved and the undertaking of participatory
The first phase of the project is the planning frameworks. This supports approaches.
establishment of the Airport Gateway & the Growth and Development • The principle to establish heads of
Business Park at Lanseria Airport (Figure Strategy paradigm of settlement agreement with the local authorities,
8-2). Here the development rights are restructuring. the Province, relevant utility service
already in place and there are possibilities • The location of Cradle City in an providers such as Eskom and Rand
to connect to the existing service underdeveloped region of the city, Water, and the City of Johannesburg
infrastructure of Lanseria airport. The the establishment of regional and and its agencies in particular, on the
business park development seeks to local road connections, the inclusion process and principles for
expand and improve the overall services of public transport, the inclusion of a infrastructure services provision and
infrastructure for the area. The business variety of social facilities (that serve urban management processes (type
park is well into its township the development and the wider sub- of services, consideration of
establishment and Environmental Impact region), and employment provision, sustainable alternatives that comply
Assessment processes. The relevant establishes a new and significant with policy and are feasible, the
departments of the City of Johannesburg urban opportunity that is accessible overall design, the costing, the
are at present considering the by all sectors of society. This rollout and time frames, financing
applications for approval. supports the Growth and mechanisms, and operations and
Development Strategy paradigm of maintenance). It is envisaged that
facilitated social mobility. these will be established typically
• The development’s mixed use, with regard to, but not limited to,
mixed residential typology, and the road infrastructure development,
commitment to a significant water and sewerage infrastructure,
component of inclusionary housing, electricity, storm-water and
enables access to a diversity of telecommunications services.
residential markets. This supports • for the detail / continuous
the Growth and Development relationship (engagement with
Strategy paradigm of proactive various committees, including CoJ
absorption of the poor. Infrastructure Co-ordinating
• Achieves an environmentally, Committee etc.) / principle: offset-
economically and socially required service contributions and
sustainable approach which meets reimbursement of costs associated
the city’s environmental and with bulk infrastructure provision
sustainability objectives. This (because client / developer will
supports the Growth and require to provide service
Development Strategy paradigm of infrastructure at own cost up front,
9.0 CONCLUSION sustainability and environmental and then eventually handed over;
justice. subject to compliance with and
The Cradle City Master Plan brings • The application of the package of requirements of local authority).
significant benefits to the development of plans approach, which establishes
the City of Johannesburg and its and guides the working relationship The above will form the basis to:
municipal neighbours. It also sets out the with the city. This supports the • The negotiation of services
working relationship between the local Growth and Development Strategy agreements , civil (roads and storm
authority and the developer regarding the paradigm of innovative governance water) and services engineering
detail planning and design, and solutions. (sewer and water) agreements with
implementation via a sequential roll-out. appropriate Provincial and City
Authorities as well as energy supply
9.2 The Way Forward negotiations with Eskom and the
9.1 The Benefits City.
The Cradle City Master Plan has • The setting into place of a
The benefits of the Cradle City initiative established the platform for the future continuous relationship with the City
include: development co-ordination between the of Johannesburg and the other local
• Economic growth and employment; local authorities in general, and the City of authorities, regarding the
establishing a diversity activities and Johannesburg in Particular. This is guided development process. This is to
mixed uses (business, commercial, by: ensure continued and integrated
retail, industrial, mixed residential, • The development rights that have planning and management of the
and tourism and leisure), yielding been established and approved in rollout of the development and its
employment opportunities in an terms of the Cradle City Master necessary approvals at precinct plan
underdeveloped region of the city, to Plan. The quantity and extent of the level. and fit with policy and the
the benefit of people in Cosmo City, development has been determined desire for managed development
Diepsloot and other marginalised and complies with that of the CoJ and economic growth in the area.
areas. This enables the growth of a Lanseria Development Framework
diverse range of sectors, allows for 2020, as well as the SDF of Mogale
increased participation and shared City.
Page 9 /1