A Presentation made to the student of BDevS at Center for Development Studies, National College for Higher Education, KU in October 2014, kathmandu, Nepal
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be
defined as a
general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and
proposed streets or roads, open spaces, public buildings etc. A master
plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for a new
town to be developed on a virgin soil. A master plan is a blueprint for the
future. It is an comprehensive document, long-range in its view, that
is intended to guide development in the
township for the next 10 to 20 years.
Nepal is in great need of systematic and scientific land use planning.Fertile cultivation lands declination,climate change,forest area declination are affecting the environment. .The issue of land use planning is to be addressed soon.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
Review of Development Plans/ Master Plans of selected cities of India.KARTHICK KRISHNA
This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
Salient features of a well-designed inclusive Neighbourhood (Colony) for the urban poor is characterized by a well conceptualized effort at social cohesion:
I. Housing Unit and Layouts of Cluster Housing
II. Neighbourhood Colony Layouts
III. Basic Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sanitation, Drainage, Roads, Street Lighting, Solid
Waste Management, etc.)
IV. Cohesive Social Infrastructure (Community Centre, Informal Sector Market, Livelihood Centre,
etc.)
Planning and Urban Management-issues & challenges Subodh Shankar
With more and more people shifting to urban areas, the management issues of urban areas are getting complex day by day- posing serious challenges to urban planners and city managers. The slides, with the help of the case study of Curitiba(Brazil), discuss how an architect turned politician, through his innovative approaches solved the complex urban issues in most economical way.
A master plan or a development plan or a town plan may be
defined as a
general plan for the future layout of a city showing both the existing and
proposed streets or roads, open spaces, public buildings etc. A master
plan is prepared either for improvement of an old city or for a new
town to be developed on a virgin soil. A master plan is a blueprint for the
future. It is an comprehensive document, long-range in its view, that
is intended to guide development in the
township for the next 10 to 20 years.
Nepal is in great need of systematic and scientific land use planning.Fertile cultivation lands declination,climate change,forest area declination are affecting the environment. .The issue of land use planning is to be addressed soon.
The policy of govt and public sector institutions is to support and develop housing programmes on the basis of availability of resources and on their perception of housing demand and affordability rather than on the basis of the requirements and affordability of prospective beneficiaries.
The National Housing policy of the government of India has highly laid emphasis on the need for public sector agencies to increasingly play the role of a facilitator of the housing process and create the enabling environment in which the requisite inputs would flow into the housing sector more easily than in the past.
Review of Development Plans/ Master Plans of selected cities of India.KARTHICK KRISHNA
This is an academic assignment done for the purpose to draft a master plan/ development plan. This helps us to identify the concept and context of the various plans and its development proposals applicability and replicability.
I came to know regarding this competition from rediff.com
Salient features of a well-designed inclusive Neighbourhood (Colony) for the urban poor is characterized by a well conceptualized effort at social cohesion:
I. Housing Unit and Layouts of Cluster Housing
II. Neighbourhood Colony Layouts
III. Basic Physical Infrastructure (Water Supply, Sanitation, Drainage, Roads, Street Lighting, Solid
Waste Management, etc.)
IV. Cohesive Social Infrastructure (Community Centre, Informal Sector Market, Livelihood Centre,
etc.)
Urban finance for local groups for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)IIED
David Satterthwaite, Senior fellow at IIED introduced the urban finance for local groups session at the Money where it matters (MWIM) event.
The presentation was made at the event-Money where it matters, held in London from 7-8 December 2016.
The purpose of the Money Where It Matters event was to reflect on our insights and explore further how financing mechanisms can more effectively channel resources to the local level and identify opportunities to increase flows of finance to the local level in new contexts for development assistance and national investment. It also agreed on outstanding questions that require further research on finance for and with local actors to achieve the effective use and management of funds to deliver climate resilient sustainable development.
More details: https://www.iied.org/promoting-local-access-development-climate-finance
Study of basics Municipal Finance in India. Typical Institutional framework for Municipal Finance. Sources of Income & sectors for expenditure for a municipality in India. Case of Mehsana.
Smart City concept overview with many references from around the world through the eyes of an Enterprise Architect and Urban Technologist. It is also an attempt to assess BSI SCF value proposition and success factors for its implementation. The approach draws also on the work done by The Open Group and other standardization bodies supporting Smart City approach.
Developing vision, mission, shared values, motto, objectives, critical success factors, Key Performance Indicators, as well as using veritable tools for scanning the environment in order to craft effective strategy while evolving workable strategic road map
This report will provide a great deal of data for planning Pabna Municipality. The source are old but might give a better result in analysis for urban planning. We can have a proper idea of how to plan a municipal area in the future, control urban growth, and increase utility services for betterment of the people living in an urban area
Presentation based on – in a department of the Ministry of urban development .Our department wants to launch a development program in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka.
Presentation makes an attempt to brief about the genesis, brief of preparing master plan for an urban settlement to rationalise the growth and development of any urban centre
Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nano-publications, a form of micro-attribution. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty (or avoiding plagiarism), to attribute prior or unoriginal work and ideas to the correct sources, to allow the reader to determine independently whether the referenced material supports the author's argument in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.
The process of developing a PRS varies greatly because it takes place in different countries, under different kinds of governments and circumstances. In general, though, the process can be thought of in terms of several phases, although certain elements, particularly participatory processes, may run throughout.
Urban mobility is primary function of human being.The development of activities to increase residential population densities within the existing built-up area of a city. This may include the redevelopment of vacant land, the refurbishment of housing, the development of new business enterprises, new public transportation, new community recreation facilities.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
A presentation made together with speech as chief speaker at the World Food Day Observance in Kathmandu, October 16, 2014
Presenter: Rajendra P Sharma
Email: rpsharma@mailcity.com
34th World Food Day Observance in Kathmandu, 2014
THEME
Family Farming: “Feeding the World, Caring for the Earth” to stress the vast potential family farmers have to eradicate hunger and preserve natural resources
Presentation on : Urban Agriculture: Family Farming for Food Security
URBAN BASICS
Urbanization and development: Historical Perspective
An Academic Presentation to BdevS, Center for Development Studies
Kathmamndu University
2014
Rajendra P Sharma
rpsharma@mailcity.com
A presentation on "Evolution of town, cities and urban: A world perspective, by Rajendra P Sharma, Social Anthropologist and Planner, Kathmandu, Nepal can be reached at rpsharma@mailcity.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdf
Nepal's Urban Planning and Dvelopment
1. Nepal:
Urban planning and
development
Lecture Series 4
BDevS, Center for Development Studies
National College for Higher Education, KU, Nepal
Rajendra P Sharma
rpsharma@mailcity.com
2. Nepal: Where are we ! Urban Poverty Situation
!! Out of 664,507 HH in the Municipalities of Nepal:
Temporary Houses : 101,005
House made up of mud : 225,932
Houses using Kerosene for Light : 107, 650
HHs do not have Flush Toilets : 312,318
HHs even have no toilet : 145,527
HHs using fire woods for cooking : 220,616
HHs using kerosene : 226,597
HHs using Bio Gas only : 181,410
HHs having traditional water source : 206,072
HHs having piped drinking water : 439,239
Population not having TV : 45%
Population neither have TV nor Radio : 24%
Source: CBS 2001
3. Nepal: Where are we ! Urban Poverty Situation
Among 664,507 Urban HHs in Nepal:
Temporary Shelter : 15%
Residing in Rented Houses : 35%
Disadvantaged Groups : 21%
No easy access to water/Quantity : 5 %
Have no proper/adequate fuel : 36%
Have no proper light : 16 %
Have no proper toilet : 22%
Among 3,227,879 Urban Population:
Illiterate (6 years or more aged) : 28%
Have no work (active population : 10 %
Death by poverty related diseases : 13 %
Population not having TV : 45%
Population neither have TV nor Radio : 24%
This is the reason to have focus on Municipal Periodic Plan
Source: CBS 2001
4. Defining urban area 1
Urban and Rural character
Economic activity and livelihood
Population Density and composition
Infrastructure and services; and resources
Market, institutions
Culture, civilization and innovation
Concentration of population: economic, social and political
implications (higher per capita productivity; Political process
and participation)
Resource consumption and pollution emission
5. Defining Urban Area 2
Acceptable basis: Density, occupational structure
Criteria used in Nepal
1952 census: prominent settlement, ≥5000 population
1961 census: Urban environment, ≥ 5000 population
Municipal Act 1962: Urban environment, ≥ 10,000 population
LSGA 1999: Metropolitan City (≥ 300,000; NPR 400 m revenue;
Urban facilities; already sub-metropolitan); Sub-metropolitan (≥
100,000; NPR 100 m revenue; Urban facilities; already
Municipality);, Municipality (Tarai ≥ 20,000; NPR 5 m revenue;
Urban facilities), Municipality (Hill ≥ 10,000; NPR 500,000
6. Municipal sizes
≥ 100,000 population:
1 metropolitan, 4 sub-metropolitan,
Over 39% population
20,000 to 100,000 population
45 municipalities, over 54%
population
10,000 to 20,000:
8 municipalities, over 4 % popn
Small towns: less than 10,000
popn
Hill/ mountains 550
Kathmandu Valley 10,265
Inner Tarai 402
Tarai 1,092
Urban total 985
Rural total 136
Urban density (person/ sq.km.) 2001
Sizes
7. Urban Feature, Indicator Highlights
Contribution to economy : urban economy growing @ 6.4 %
annum, contribute about 60% of GDP.
Economic base: service and trade oriented, links with rural
Distribution: along E-W Highway, India Border, Kathmandu &
Central (19 places, 55% population)
Defined and undefined urban areas: 58 defined, 132 small
towns, 600 market centers.
8. Main Constraints
Lack of vision and coordination: no long-term perspective, linking
national development with urban development. No urban
development policy/ strategy.
Urban expansion
Sectoral policy/ plan and institution dominates urban development:
problems of coordination
LSGA: municipalities increased role for urban governance,
development and management: but lack capacity (HR, Financial)-
depends on central grants/ large proportion spent on administration
and salary
9. Major urban challenges
Service and Land management
National development policy
Donor driven development
Management of migration/displaced person
Waste and pollution Management
Maintaining Infrastructures, service & creating jobs
Devolution/Decentralization
High Rate of Urbanization - Increase in nos. of Municipalities
without basic infrastructures and services
Population growth in the municipalities
Allocation of Central Government fund to the cities is less as
compared to the contribution of the cities to GDP
10. Urban Concerns
Total 1,350 t/ day: Kathmandu 383 t/day
Per capita per day 0.34 kg (vary 0.11 to 0.93 kg)
Solid
waste
Air pollution
Emerging issue in major towns: vehicular/industrial emission, waste
burning, adulterated fuel.
Kathmandu Foggy days increased: 38 d/y (1970) to 60 d/ y (1994)
Indoor air pollution in smaller towns: (biomass fuel)
Health impacts: ARI, Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Asthma
Congestion
Urban roads: narrow, poor network function, lacks parking
Deficiency in planning and provision: Increase in vehicles not
matched by provision of roads and infrastructure
Mix traffic types, poor driving, bad parking, roadside trading
add to traffic congestion
Impact: travel time, air/noise, fuel consumption
11. Decentralization Chronology
YEAR INITIATIVE REMARKS
1962 Constitution of Nepal Emphasis on decentralization of Panchayats
27 June 2007
Creation of post of Chief District Officer (CDO)
1965 Local Administration Act Decentralization plan of three phases
Panchayat Development Land Tax (PDLT), Pilot scheme
1972 Local Development Department Creation of post of Panchayat Development Officer (PDO)
1974 District Administration Plan Provision for District Development Plan
1978 Integrated Panchayat Development
Design
Idea of "Service Centre" as focal point for local planning 1979, PDLT
withdrawn
1980
Establishment of Ministry of Local
Development (MLD)
Conversion of PDO to LDO (Local Development Officer)
1981
Merger of Panchayat and Local
Development Ministries as MPLD
Integrated Rural Development Central Co-ordination Board
1982 Decentralization Act Districts to prepare periodic plans
1984 Decentralization Rules District, Village, Town Panchayats to prepare annual/periodic plans
1989 Supporting Decentralized Planning Project (SLDP)
1992 DDC, VDC and Municipality Act Increased responsibility for local development 1992
1992 DDC, VDC and Municipality Rules Decentralization Support Project (DSP)
1995, Participatory District Development Project (PDDP)
1996 Decentralization Co-ordination
Committee
1996, Local Governance Programme (LGP)
1999 Local Self-governance Act More on delegation than devolution
12. Urban and Physical Planning in Nepal
Nepal undergone several political changes after Rana regime.
History of urban planning began with Third National Plan (1967-71)
In 1973, Town Plan Implementation Act (TPIA) was enacted
In 1982, a Decentralization Act to facilitate development processes
In 1988, the Town Development Act (TDA) was promulgated
In 1992, Municipal Act and Rules were defined
Till date, more than 33 municipalities prepared IAPs. But, IAPs failed
due to contradictory legal framework and weaknesses in terms of
institutional capacities at both central and local levels.
MPPW helps municipalities to develop periodic plans (3 to 5 years)
involvement of municipalities in planning has positive results
27 June 2007
14. Framework: Municipal’s Decision Making
EVERY VOTER IN
THE CONSTITUENCY
WARD COMMITTEE
WARD FOOTPRINT
SMALL LOCAL GROUP
POLLING BOOTH LEVEL
WARD/COUNCILLOR WARD
CHAIRPERSON
MUNICIPALITY
MUNICIPAL AREA/ CITYLEVEL
TOLE SABHA REPRESENTATIVE
15. Linkages: Municipality’s formal system
Water
Supply
Schemes
Water
Groups
Police
Communit
y Police
Solid
Waste
Mgmt
SWM
Compost
Groups
Urban
Poverty
Program
s
Self
Help
Groups
Urban
Planning
N’hood
Forums
Road
Works
Supervisio
n
Resident
Welfare
Associs’n
Municipality
Ward Councilors
Chairperson
???????
“Why have so many different platforms?
Why not a single, permanent platform,
linked to the city’s decision-systems, which
can be available for all issues?”
16. LINKS AMONG THE URBAN STAKEHOLDERS
Central Government
(MLD and MPPW)
Urban Development Partners
(International and national)
NPC
Municipalities
1 2 3 4 57 58
Citizens
LEGEND
• established link
• Potential link
17. Future Direction
Clear Vision: How Urban Dev. links with National Dev. & rural dev.?
Urban development strategy: better criteria/definition for conferring
urban status, independent body certify area for urban status, improved
coordination, mandate & responsibility.
Strengthen urban governance : These are the key to sustainability -
decentralization, participation, Resource & Capacity Building.
Integrated, planned and holistic approach: (not only for urban
infrastructure provision, Urban development is broad, multi-sectoral).
18. Urban Planning and Development
Where we want to go?
And,
What should we do……….now?
?
If we want better future
We should question, advocate,
plan and better implement those
plans and programs
20. What is Urban planning?
Urban planning is concerned with the ordering and design of
settlements, from the smallest towns to the world's largest cities.
Urban Planning - for improvement of urban centers to provide
healthy, safe living condition, efficient transport, communication,
adequate public facility, and aesthetic surroundings.
Urban planning is the discipline of land use planning which
explores several aspects of the infrastructures and social
environments of municipalities and communities. Other professions
deal in more detail with a smaller scale of development, namely
architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
27 June 2007
21. Why urban planning ?
Urban planning, serve as a reference for all activities that
manages the promotion of urban citizens, that include:
Setting up infrastructures or collective equipment,
Granting land to private developers,
Facilitating activity set-up,
Obtaining building permits.
27 June 2007
22. History of Urban Planning
Many ancient cities were built from definite plans;
Greek Hippodamus (c.407 BC) considered father of city plan in West
Urban planning in organized way existed for less than a century;
John Nash planned some section of London; Vienna; Paris in 19th century
Since early 20th century, planning for cities has emphasized
Early 21st century, new urban theory and innovative planning concepts
developed.
27 June 2007
25. a 'sustainable' or ideal home city might look like
compact, efficient land use;
less automobile but better access;
efficient resource use, less pollution and
waste;
good housing and living environments;
a healthy social ecology;
sustainable economics;
community participation and preservation
of culture and wisdom.
Successful urban planning considers character, of "home"
27 June 2007
26. Planning Process
Urban planning procedure follows a cyclical process
Data collection, estimates, diagnostics,
Determination of stakes and objectives,
Definition and choice of strategy,
Drawing up of plans of action,
Promotion and implementation,
Assessment and check.
27 June 2007
27. Actors and planning process
Traditional planning focused top-down: town planner creates plan
Over past decades, role of urban planner become democratic
Community workers now involved in planning at grassroots level.
The Contemporary city Planning process is highly complex:
step-by-step procedure, involve a series of survey/studies,
development of land-use plan and transportation plan,
preparation of a budget, and
approval of unified master plan by various agency or
legislative bodies.
28. Information input in urban planning
Information input in urban planning is primarily of 2 types:
satellite and photogrammetric images,
tabular data garnered from censuses, studies.
Benefits provided by satellite images include the following:
global observations of land cover,
fast processing of data using automated classification and
techniques,
cost effectiveness in comparison with ground surveys and
digitization methods.
27 June 2007
29. Planning tools: data use
Physical maps
Activity maps
Facility maps
Local plan maps
Risk and pollution maps
Land use regulation map
Socio-economic maps: Demography, Sociology, Economy, Housing
27 June 2007
30. The three Keys in Planning
The 3-steps process determining where you are now,
determining where you want to go, and then determining
how to get there?
These questions are the essence of success!
It can be start with the self evaluation on your:
Strengths,
Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and
Threats
SWOT Analysis
31. Key aspects of participatory planning
Participation: where we can generate:
Ideas - People deciding the factors governing them
Democratic institution - Participatory governance institutions
Democratic practice - the political participation
Key aspects of Participation
Formal structure decision-making
Permanent platform for participation
Inclusive platform for all citizens
Common system for various issues
For citizens: the opportunity and no excuse not to participate!
32. Key focus on urban planning
Urban Poverty
[Vicious Circle]
Low investment
Low income
Temporary job/ paid
not sufficient
Not rely on own
Production
Low Education Quality
High level of violence
Health & Hygiene
Need to pay for every
services (Health, Sanitation,
Education, Water)
Break by external Illegal Settlement
involvement
33. Vision for Planning
Vision: a comprehensive vision at citizens’ level can create participation
Series: a series of campaign can create an ownership over the plan
34. The steps in the planning process
Govt.
The City Government
Strategic planning Institutions
Workshop
Community
Participation
Strategic planning
committee
Strategic Plan
Central Government
NGOs, local self-help
group, Institutions, and
Intellectuals
Strategic planning
Workshop
Community
Participation
Strategic planning
committee
Strategic Plan
As product
35. Outcomes from planning
Engaged citizens
A felt sense of purpose
Permanent involvement through legitimate platforms
Improved city management
Enhanced use of data
Regular sharing of information
Emergence of financially sustainable cities
Equitable outcomes
Infrastructure needs identified & prioritised by the people
Increased stakeholder ownership
Building partnerships with citizens-the permanent stakeholders
36. Develop an Municipal plan
“Impact Chain” for City Development
Level
Name of the Development Intervention:
Partner Organization:
Intermediary:
Target Group:
Impact
Direct
benefit
Indicators:
Utilisation
of outputs
Outputs
Activities
No need for indicator, activities are implemented
Resources
37. The concluding remarks … …
In this rapidly urbanizing world,
the number of city dwellers are
increasing at a steep rate. So, is
increasing the discrepancies.
Therefore, Please let’s do
something for better plan of our cities
from our ends and send out thoughtful
messages for a safe and secure future,
wherever we are living!!