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[Urban Management Program City Paper : Kathmandu, Nepal]
1. URBAN MANAGEMENT POLICIES
AND PRACTICE IN NEPAL
Bhagawan Aryal
Local Development Officer
Office of District Development
Committee,Pyuthan
Nepal
2.
3. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Nepal at Glance
Urban Policies and Legislations
Three Year plan of Government of Nepal
Institutional Arrangement
Existing Scenario/Facts and Figure
Urbanization Trend
City Profile
Challenges
Future Prospects
4. NEPAL AT GLANCE
Total Area : 1,47,181 sq. Km
(0.03% of the world and 0.30% of Asia)
Total Population: 26.5 Million
Number of Household: 5.66 Million
Population growth rate: 1.35%
Population Density: 180 per sq. km
Urban population Density: 985 per sq.km
Sex Ratio : 94.41 (Males per
hundred females)
Urban Population: 25%,
Rural Population: 75%
5. POLITICAL SYSTEM
Before 1990s :- Panchayat Regime Led by King
After 1990s (Peoples Movement 1st):- Multi
Party Democracy with constitutional Monarchy
After 2006 (People's Movement 2nd):- Nepal
became Federal Democratic Republic
6. ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Population Below Poverty Line : 25.16%
Urban Poverty : 10% (Increased
8% to 10%)
Annual Economic Growth Rate: 5.2%
7. POLICIES AND LEGISLATION
Local Self Governance Act 1999
Solid Waste Management Act.
Town Development Act.
Urban Development Policies.
Housing Policies
8. THREE YEAR PLAN
Objectives
To develop safe, clean and prosperous cities with
adequate infrastructure.
Strategies
Encourage private-sector investment in the
basic social and physical infrastructures of big
cities and towns, and
Formulate proper programmes for developing
the urban infrastructure needed for the planned
development of villages which are emerging as
towns as well as for towns which are growing into
municipalities.
9. OPERATING POLICIES
Programmes operated by public-private
partnerships will be run to develop and advance
basic urban services.
Programmes to renovate and preserve important
historical, religious, cultural and touristic sites
lying in major urban areas will be initiated.
Planned cities and settlements will be developed
in the vicinity of both major highways, including
the Mid-Hills Highway, and other roads which are
important from the perspective of economic
development.
10. ...OPERATING POLICIES
Basic urban services will be gradually
developed and expanded in emerging towns,
And One c i t y wi l l be selec ted for
development as a model planned city with all
the necessary infrastructure.
Sus tainable and s y s temat i c urban
d e v e l o pme n t p l a n s a n d s e t t l eme n t
development programmes will be executed.
11. ...OPERATING POLICIES
The infrastructure of regional megacities
and selected small towns will be developed in
an integrated fashion.
Model projects wi l l be f ramed and
implemented to make the r i ver s of
Kathmandu Valley clean and green
12. INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS
National Planning Commission
Apex body of Planning chair by Prime Minister
Sectoral Coordination
Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local
Development
Formulation of Urban policies and Plan
Working as Focal Ministry of Municipality
Assist and Technical Support to Municipality for
formulation of local level urban planning
13. … INSTITUTIONAL
ARRANGEMENTS
Ministry of Urban Development
Town Development Fund
Solid Waste Management Board
Kathmandu Valley Development Authority
Office of District Development Committee
Municipalities
Town Development Committee
14. EXISTING SCENARIO/FACTS
AND FIGURE
Total Population: 2,64,94,504
No. of City Government : 130
Urban Population: 67,71,995
Current Urban Population: 25.56 %
Total Population growth rate : 1.35%
Urban Population Growth rate : 3.38%
Urban Poverty Rate : 15.5%
15. RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MUNICIPALITIES(CITY
GOVERNMENT)
Revenue Collection
Physical Development
Solid Waste Management
Envi ronmental issues and Hygiene and
Sanitation
Judicial Authority
16. RESPONSIBILITIES OF
MUNICIPALITIES(CITY
GOVERNMENT)
Education and Sports
Cultural Development
Urban Transportation
Health Service
Social Welfare
Industry and Tourism
17. URBANIZATION TREND IN
NEPAL
1971 1991 2001 2011 2014
No. of Municipality 16 33 58
Urban population 4,62,000 16,93,000 33,00,000 4523820
% of total population 4.1 9.1 15
Ur b a n p o p u l a t i o n
growth rate
17.07
3.23% 5.89% 6.91% 3.38%
130
25.56
58
67,71,995
3.38%
18. MUNICIPAL PROFILE OF
PYUTHAN
Total Population : 38536
Female : 20805
Male : 17731
House Hold : 9259
Ward No : 16
Area : 210 Sq. Km
Population Density : 185 Per Sq.Km
Literacy Rate : 71%
Population Growth Rate : 1.05%
Life Exectancy : 64 years
19. ...MUNICIPAL PROFILE OF
PYUTHAN
Human Development Index : 0.426
Malnutrition : 42.5% (under 5yr)
House hold with Safe drinking water : 78%
Solid Waste Collected : 6 Ton Daily
20. URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
Local election not held since 2002 which is
hindering the representation of political parties,
disadvantaged groups and women in the decision
making.
Internal revenue base becoming very weak, and
revenue rate cant be revised in the absence of
peoples rep in the spirit of no taxation without
representation
21. URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
Mismatch between growing demands of
municipal services and weak institutional
capacity as well as limited resource
mobilization.
Absence of clear urban infrastructure and
investment plan, and issues of urban poverty
& other pertinent urban problems not taken
as yet seriously.
22. ...URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
Growing dependency of municipalities on central
government for block grants due to fulfill so many
demands of the tax payers and inadequate
mobilization of resources.
Double responsibilities to EOs to work as Mayor as
well as administrator, and their frequent transfer
from one city to another and even other ministries.
Institutional development of 72 new municipalities
are even more challenging to enable them to deliver
minimum urban utility services to the people
23. ...URBAN ISSUES AND
CHALLENGES
Decreasing employment opportunities due
to low level of urban investment and local
economic development programs or
activities.
A decade long internal conflict, unstable
government and lingering transition affected
the overall development process and
economic growth in the country.
24. OPPORTUNITIES
New constitution likely to guaranty constitutional
provision of Municipalities as a third tier of govt.,
and State Restructuring Committee will define the
share of resources and coordination mechanism
with state govt.
The political parties and government have shown
their commitment to hold local election very soon
to end the vacuum of peoples representation at
the local level.
25. ...OPPORTUNITIES
MoFALD & National Planning Commission
gradually giving importance to growing
urban challenges.
72 new municipalities will contribute to
increase GDP by mobilizing their resources.
National Urban Development Strategy &
Urban Poverty Policy being drafted by the
government can address the needs of the
urban poor and other burning urban issues.
26. ...OPPORTUNITIES
Formula based grant allocation system
(MCPM) will increase competitiveness among
municipalities and increase their performance
27. WAY FORWARD
Completion of Landfill site Construction.
Preparation of Master plan& Land use plan.
Community composting system being started.
Increasing awareness regarding environmental
issues.
28. ...WAY FORWARD
Increase cooperation among public, private
and community level.
Proper enforcement of law.
Capacitate the Human Resource.