The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
DOXIADIS
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND PLANING
CONSTANTINOS APOSTOLOU DOXIADIS
THEORY OF EKISTICS
Minor shells- Micro-settlements- Meso-settlements- Macro-settlements-Ekistics Logarithm Scale:-
BY EVOLUNITARY PHASE
BY FACTOR AND DISCIPLINE
CASE STUDY: ISLAMABAD
Master Plan
Comparison of Land cover
CONCEPT OF CITY PLANNING
ROAD NETWORK & HIERARCHY
ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORT
HOUSES AND STREET PATTERN
GRID SYSTEM
CURRENT CHALLENGES FACED BY THE CITY
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years.
Wrightt believed in designing in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture.
This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture. As a founder of organic architecture, Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works.
There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City. All important transport is done by automobile, and the pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines of the one-acre (0.40-hectare) plots where most of the population dwells.
Life and Career with works of Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis. Theory of Urban Design presentation - CA Doxiadis : Ekistics theory, Islamabad master plan, Aspra Spitia introduction, Name of books and journals with bibliography
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
Town planning and architecture
HISTORY OF GARDEN CITY
FEATURES OF GARDENCITY
EXAMPLES O GARDEN CITY
REFERENCE -TOWN PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE ,R S AGRAWAL
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years.
Wrightt believed in designing in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture.
This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called the best all-time work of American architecture. As a founder of organic architecture, Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing three generations of architects worldwide through his works.
There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City. All important transport is done by automobile, and the pedestrian can exist safely only within the confines of the one-acre (0.40-hectare) plots where most of the population dwells.
Life and Career with works of Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis. Theory of Urban Design presentation - CA Doxiadis : Ekistics theory, Islamabad master plan, Aspra Spitia introduction, Name of books and journals with bibliography
EBENEZER HOWARD - Garden city, Letchworth City and Welwyn. Life and Career of Sir Ebenezer Howard. Theory of 3 magnets. Inspiration of what lead to making of garden city.
Kevyn introduced a concept of planning that was the base for understanding and visualising The Planning Aspects; important for the budding planners.
The presentation initiates the same understanding and invokes a means for better understanding of 'Planning'.
Describing & Understanding Neighborhood Characteristics through Online Social...Henriette Cramer
Duo-talk by Mohamed Kafsi & Henriette Cramer at WWW'15 in Florence.
We describe and compare San Francisco and New York by applying a new geographic hierarchical model to 8M geotagged flickr photos. We compare machine and human reasoning and infer implications for model extensions as well as presentation in user-facing applications. Mind the gap!
Mohamed Kafsi, Henriette Cramer, Bart Thomee, Ayman Shamma. Describing and understanding neighborhood characteristics through social media. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B70N5TMgSSKWakRuQmdRcDBXWnc/view?usp=sharing
As the population of Lahore is increasing day by day and its central hub is getting densely populated, people are demanding for new neighborhoods with self-contained facilities. Therefore new neighborhoods are being developed outside the main city with self-contained facilities. This report is about a neighborhood design of an area in Shadira, Lahore with detailed features and facilities including residential houses, market, shopping centers, parks and open spaces, streets and public buildings.
Ekistics - Defining What is a Polis? What does it consist ofYaryalitsa
Ekistics
Defining What is a Polis? What does it consist of?
The basic elements of human settlements in the ekistics studies are described below
(Doxiades, 1968, p.12):
“Nature, providing the foundation upon which the settlements are created and the frame within which they can function”
“Human”
“Society”
“Shells, or the structures within which a human lives and carry out his different functions”
“Networks, or the natural and human-made systems which facilitate the functioning of the settlements, as for example roads, cycling corridors and infrastructure in general.”
This presentation by Susana Bautista, Adjunct Faculty, Annenberg School of Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California - explores the notion of museums and placemaking, and how digital technologies are enabling museums to mark their places in new and innovative ways. When museums think about technology today, they must also think about place. A few questions to ask are: What are the new places that museums are occupying in the digital age? How do museums act with their visitors in these new places? How do these “new” places connect with the “old” places? What new places are museum visitors occupying, and what are they doing there? How do museums “make” place, and is there a hub? Placemaking has existed from Stonehenge to the Acropolis, and to monumental buildings centrally placed within a community such as The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Getty Center; and museums historically have had branches or satellites, programs within the community, and community partners. What is new is how technology allows us to better understand the networked museum experience, to engage its global community of visitors and users, and to connect physical and online places, mobile and fixed experiences.
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptxSamirsinh Parmar
Garden City Concept,
Definition,
Components of garden city,
Features of garden city,
Concept of garden City,
garden city Principles,
Three magnets,
garden city movement,
PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY,
FEATURES OF GARDEN CITY,
Walwyn , Garden City,
Pictorial Views of Garden city,
Patrick Geddes in Dublin: Civic engagement and vacant sites
by Philip Crowe, UCD School of Architecture: Landscape Architecture April 2015 at ULSARA AGM
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts", containing proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture.
The garden city introduced the use of green belts that have served many uses including the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management.
Garden city tradition endowed urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The garden city idea however, showed how both industrial estates and collective retailing spaces could be used within a comprehensive planning approach to serve public purposes.
SERVICES STUDIO - Preparation of plumbing layout of a single storey building & working drawings of various fittings and fixtures of water supply and sanitary installations
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL - Solid wastes collection and removal from buildings. On-site processing and disposal methods. Aerobic and Anaerobic decomposition
PLUMBING - Common hand tools used for plumbing and their description and uses, Joints for various types of pipes, Sanitary fitting standards for public conveniences
Different types of pipes and accessories for water supply, controlling fixtures like valves, taps, etc. Fittings and Choice of materials for piping: cast iron, steel, wrought iron, galvanized lead, copper, cement concrete and asbestos pipes, PVC pipes
Sizes of pipes and taps for house drainage, Testing drainage pipes for leakage - smoke test, water test etc, CI pipes for soil disposal and rain water drainage, Wrought iron, steel and brass pipes.
Rain water disposal drainage pipes spouts, sizes of rainwater pipes
BUILDING DRAINAGE - Layout, Principles of drainage, Trap type, materials and functions, Inspection chambers, Design of Septic tanks and soak pits, Ventilation of house drains
Anti-syphonage or vent pipes, One and two pipe systems
Sinks, bath tub, water closets, flushing cisterns, urinals, wash basins, bidet, shower panel etc.
Green Buildings - innovative green technologies and case studiesctlachu
Innovative uses of solar energy : BIPV, Solar Forest, Solar powered street elements,- Innovative materials:
Phase changing materials, Light sensitive glass, Self cleansing glass- Integrated Use of Landscape :
Vertical Landscape, Green Wall, Green Roof. Case studies on Green buildings : CII building,Hyderabad,
Gurgaon Development Centre-Wipro Ltd. Gurgaon; Technopolis, Kolkata; Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd,
Chennai; Olympia Technology Park, Chennai.
Water conservation by Rainwater Harvesting systems – Treatment of waste water : Physical,Chemical and
Biological methods – Root Zone treatment - Use of recycled water.
Use of Environment friendly materials, Embodied Energy of materials, Bio degradable materials. Recycling
and Reuse of steel, Aluminium and Glass.
General principles – Direct gain systems - Glazed walls, Bay windows,
Attached sun spaces etc. Indirect gain systems – Trombe wall, Water wall, Solar Chimney, Transwall, Roof
pond, etc - Isolated gain systems – Natural convective loop etc. Active Heating Systems : Solar water
heating systems
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
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Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
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https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
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https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
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Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
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If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
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2. Garden City Concept – Sir Ebenezer Howard
Geddisain Triad – Patrick Geddes
Neighbourhood Planning – C A Perry
Radburn Theory
Satellite Town
Ribbon Development
Ekistics
City Beautiful
Broad Acre City – F L Wright
3. GARDEN CITY – Sir Ebenezer
Howard…
Garden City most potent
planning model in Western
urban planning
Created by Ebenezer
Howard in 1898 to solve
urban and rural problems
Source of many key planning
ideas during 20th century
4. GARDEN CITY – important dates…
1850 - 1928 SIR EBENEZER HOWARD
1899 Published ‘Garden City of Tomorrow’
1903 Garden City Association was formed
LETCHWORTH was designed for 35000 persons
1920 WELWYN was designed for 40000 persons
1947 LETCHWORTH had 16000 population & 100
factories
WELWYN had 18000 population
& 75 factories
UK – Europe – US – rest of the world
5. THE CONCEPT …
‘Garden City’ – an
impressive diagram of
THE THREE
MAGNETS namely
the town magnet,
country magnet with
their advantages and
disadvantages and the
third magnet with
attractive features of
both town and country
life.
Naturally people
preferred the third one
namely Garden City
6. THE CONCEPT…
Core garden city principles
Strong community
Ordered development
Environmental quality
These were to be achieved by:
Unified ownership of land to
prevent individual land
speculation and maximise
community benefit
Careful planning to provide
generous living and
working space while
maintaining natural qualities
Social mix and good
community facilities
Limits to growth of each garden
city
Local participation in decisions
about development
7. THE CONCEPT…
Affordability
Howard wanted garden city for
all incomes
Most originally for those of
modest incomes
Their attractiveness as living
environments has often made
them become more popular
with better off people
Some garden city
Examples of modest income developments always
garden city - developments built intended for wealthy
commuters
just after WW1 are
Denenchofu
Kapyla (Helsinki, Finland),
(Tokyo, Japan)
Colonel Light Gardens (Adelaide, was an example of this,
Australia) and developed by railway
company
Orechovka (Prague, Czech Republic)
8. APPLICATION…
Letch worth – 35 miles from
London
Land of 3822 acres
Reserved Green belt –
1300 acres
Designed for a maximum of
35000 population
In 30 years – developed with
15000 population &
150 shops, industries
LETCHWORTH , UK
Health of the Country
Comforts of the Town
9. APPLICATION…
Welwyn– 24 miles from
London
Land of 2378 acres
Designed for a maximum
of 40000 population
In 15 years – developed
with 10000
population & 50
shops, industries
WELWYN ,UK
11. APPLICATION… After 1945, the garden city model was mutated
VALLINGBY, into satellite or new towns in many
STOCKHOLM countries . eg in Sweden, UK or Hong Kong.
MILTON
KEYNES, UK
SHATIN,
HONG KONG
12. GEDDISIAN TRIAD – Patrick Geddes
Father of modern town
planning
First to link sociological
concepts into town
planning
“Survey before plan” i.e.
diagnosis before
treatment
13. GEDDISIAN TRIAD– important dates…
1854 - 1932 PATRICK GEDDES
1886 Settled in EDINBERGH
1892 Outlook tower - World’s first Sociological
observatory
1911 Exhibition on Cities and Town planning
1915 Published Cities in Evolution
Visited INDIA
1920 - 23 Professor of Civics and Sociology
in University of Bombay
1924 Settled in Montpellier, France
15. Patrick Geddes – Planning concepts
Rural development, Urban Planning and City Design
are not the same and adopting a
common planning process is disasturous
Conurbation” -waves of
population inflow to large cities,
followed by overcrowding and slum formation, and
then the wave of backflow – the whole
process resulting in amorphous sprawl, waste, and
unnecessary obsolescence.
16. Patrick Geddes – Planning concepts
CONURBATION
DELHI – NCR,
INDIA
LONDON , UK
17. Patrick Geddes – Planning concepts
The sequence of planning is to be:
Regional survey
Rural development
Town planning
City design
These are to be kept constantly up to-date
He gave his expert advice for the improvement of
about 18 major towns in India.
18. Patrick Geddes – Outlook Tpwer
took over ‘Short’s
Observatory’ in 1892.
spectacular views the
surrounding city region.
Positioned at the top is the
Camera
Obscura, which
refracts an image onto a
white table within, for
study and survey.
19. Patrick Geddes – Outlook Tower
a tool for regional analysis, index-
museum and the ‘world’s first
sociological laboratory’.
It represents the essence of
Geddes’s thought - his holism, visual
thinking, and commitment to
understanding the city in the region.
He said of it: ‘Our greatest need
today is to conceive life as a whole,
to see its many sides in their proper
relations, but we must have a
practical as well as a philosophic
interest in such an integrated view of
life.
Now the tower is home to the
Patrick Geddes Centre For
Planning Studies, where an archive
and exhibition are housed.
20. NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
The neighbourhood is the
planning unit for a town.
advent of industrial
evolved due to the
revolution and degradation of the
city environment caused due to
high congestion,
heavy traffic movement through the city,
insecurity to school going children,
distant location of shopping and recreation
activities; etc.
21. NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
to create a safely healthy physical
environment in which
children will have no traffic streets to cross on
their way to school, schools which are within
walking distance from home;
an environment in which women may have
an easy walk to a shopping centre where
they may get the daily households goods,
employed people may find convenient
transportation to and from work.
well equipped playground is located near the
house where children may play in safety with
their friends for healthy development of their
mind and spirit.
22. PRINCIPLES OF NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT
Unit of Urban
Planning
Street System
Facilities
Population
Sector
Size and Density
Neighbourhood
Walkways
Protective Strips
23. CLARANCE STAIN’s CONCEPTION
Walking distance radius is
one mile.
In the figure A, elementary
school is the centre of the
unit and within a one half
mile radius of all residents in
the neighbourhood, local
shopping centres located
near the school.
Residential streets are
suggested as CUL-DE-
SACS to eliminate through
traffic and park space flows
into the neighbourhood
27. RADBURN’S CONCEPT
" We did our best to follow "the most significant notion in 20th
Aristotle's recommendation Century urban development“ – Anthony
that a city should be built to Bailey
give its inhabitants security
"Town for the Motor Age" is
and happiness“- Clarence Stein
truly a "Town for Tomorrow"
"social planning of an advanced order. the first major advance in city planning
It is manipulation of physical elements
since Venice - Lewis Mumford
to induce and encourage a social and
human goal. It is a kind of planning
which recognizes that the growing
edge of civilization is in the human and
not the mechanical direction, though
the mechanical factors must be
carefully aligned and allocated to
support and advance the communal
achievements and the social
inventions of a free people of
autonomous family life.“ – James Dahir
28. RADBURN’s Planning
1929 Radburn Created conceived by
CLARANCE STEIN &
25000 people HENRY WRIGHT
149 acres
Factors that influenced
430 single houses Rapid Industrialisation after
90 row houses World War I
Migration of Rural to Cities
54 semi attached houses Dramatic growth of Cities
Housing Shortage
93 apartment units The need to provide housing
and protect from motorised
traffic
29. RADBURN’s Planning –
INSPIRATION…
Henry Wright's "Six Planks for a Housing Platform"
Plan simply, but comprehensively. Cars must be parked and stored,
Don't stop at the individual property line. deliveries made, waste collected
Adjust paving, sidewalks, sewers and the
like to the particular needs of the property (Vehicular Movement) -
dealt with - not to a conventional pattern. plan for such services with a
Arrange buildings and grounds so as to give minimum of danger,
sunlight, air and a tolerable
outlook to even the smallest noise and confusion.
and cheapest house. Relationship between
Provide ample sites in the right places
buildings. Develop collectively
such services as will add to the
for community use: i.e., playgrounds,
school gardens, schools, theatres, churches,
comfort of the individual, at lower
public buildings and stores. cost than is possible under
individual operation.
Put factories and other industrial
buildings where they can be used Arrange for the occupancy of
without wasteful houses on a fair basis of
transportation of goods or people. cost and service, including the
cost of what needs to be done in
organizing, building and
maintaining the community.
30. GLEN ROCK
RADBURN’S CONCEPT Bolder
SEPARATION of pedestrian and
vehicular traffic
Super block - large block
surrounded by main roads
ERNIE Rail
houses grouped around small
CUL DE SACS - each
road
accessed from main road,
Saddle
Living, Bedroom faced gardens
river
& parks, service areas to
ACCESS ROADS
remaining land - PARK
AREAS
WALKWAYS - designed SADDLE BROOK
such that pedestrians can reach Township
social places without crossing
automobile street
31. RADBURN’S CONCEPT
FINANCIAL PLANNING
Parks without additionol cost
from REsidents
Savings from minimising
roads - requires less road
area
25% less area gave 12-15%
of total park area
32. RADBURN’S CONCEPT - applications
US
Baldwin Hills Chandigarh, India
Los Angels Brazilia, Brazil
Kitimat B.C
Several towns in Russia
England - post WWII – Section of Osaka ,
Coventry, Japan
Stevenage,
Bracknell and
Wellington, New
Cumbermauld
Zealand
Sweden – US - Reston, Virginia &
Vallingby,
Baronbackavna Estate, Orebro
Columbia, Maryland
&
Beskopsgaden Estate Goteborg
33. EKISTICS
Ekistics is the study of human settlement,
which examines not only built forms, but also the interface
of time, movements and systems in the built environment.
Doxiadis saw ekistics as anintellectual
approach to balance the convergence of
the past, present, and future in human
settlements as well as a system for creatively
coping with the growth of population, rapid
change and the pressures of large-scale,
high-density housing.
34. EKISTICS
MAN
Ekistics Lograthamic Scale (ELS)
ELS consists of 15 Ekistic Units ranging ROOM
from Man to Ecumenopolis DWELLING
Classified under 4 major types
NEIGHBOURHOOD
Minor shells, or elementary units (man,
room, house) TOWN
Micro-settlements, the units smaller CITY
than, or as small as, the traditional town
where people used to and still do achieve METROPOLIS
interconnection by walking CONURBATION
Meso-settlements, between the
MEGALAPOLIS
traditional town and the conurbation within
which one can commute daily URBAN REGION
Macro-settlements, whose largest
possible expression is the Ecumenopolis, ECUMENAPOLIS
35. EKISTICS UNITS
NATURE MAN SOCIETY SHELL NETWORKS
Population
Geological composition Housing Water supply
resources Biological and density Community systems
Topographical needs (space, Social services Power supply
resources air, stratification (schools, systems
Soil resources temperature, Cultural hospitals, etc.) Transportation
Water etc.,) patterns Shopping systems (water,
resources Sensation and Economic centers and road, rail, air)
Plant life perception (the development markets Communication
Animal life ‘five senses') Education Recreational systems
Climate Emotional Health and facilities (telephone,
needs (human welfare Civic and radio, TV etc.)
relations, Law and business centers Sewerage and
security, administration (town hall, law- drainage
beauty, etc.) courts, etc.) Physical layout
Moral values Industry (Ekistic plan)
Transportation
centers
36. EKISTICS – Nature & Goals of Settlement
Five elements forms a System
Goal - make man happy and safe.
Primary
Man
Nature Society Secondary
Network Shells Tertiary
37.
38. SATELLITE TOWNS
A satellite town
or satellite city is
a concept in
urban planning
that refers
essentially to
miniature
metropolitan
areas on the
fringe of larger
ones
39. SATELLITE TOWNS
Characteristics Are physically separated
Satellite cities are from the metropolis by rural
territory; satellite cities
small or medium-sized should have their own
cities near a large independent urbanized
metropolis, that are area, or equivalent;
Predate that Have their own bedroom
metropolis' suburban communities;
expansion; Have a traditional
Are at least partially downtown surrounded by
independent from that traditional "inner city"
neighborhoods;
metropolis
economically and May or may not be
counted as part of the large
socially; metropolis' Combined
Statistical Area
40. RIBBON DEVELOPMENT
Ribbon development means building houses along the
routes of communications radiating from a human
settlement.
Such development generated great concern in the UK
during the 1920s and 30s, as well as in numerous other
countries.
Following the Industrial revolution, ribbon development
became prevalent along railway lines - predominantly in
the UK, Russia, and United States.
A good example of this was the deliberate promotion of
Metroland along London's Metropolitan railway.
Similar evidence can be found from Long Island (where
Frederick W Dunton bought much real estate to
encourage New Yorkers to settle along the Long Island
Railroad lines), Boston and across the American mid-
west
Ribbon development can also be compared with a linear
village which is a village that grew along a transportation
route, not as part of a city's expansion.