Integrated Village Development Plan | Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajasthan, India

INTEGRATED VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
OF KAGALA BAMORI VILLAGE
(KISANGANJ BLOCK-BARAN)
By:
Centre for Equity & Social Development
National Institute of Rural Development
Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India
Presented By:
Vijay Meena
2013BPLN037
VII Semester – 2016
School of Planning and Architecture Bhopal>>mm

Structure
>Introduction
>Methodology
>Area profile
>Findings and analysis
>Demographic profile
>Village development plan
>Convergence with the government schemes
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VIJAY MEENA
VIJAY MEENA | School of Planning and Architecture Bhopal | vjspab@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION
What is a Village Development Plan?
A village development plan is a written document. It identifies issues of concern to
that village. Opportunities, strengths, threats and weaknesses of a village are defined.
It also provides practical actions that will result in an improved village. It provides
opportunities for resource mobilization. A village plan does three essential things. It
provides a VISION of what you would like your village to look like, sets out clear
GOALS to achieve that vision, and gives you an ACTION PLAN to reach those goals.
Objective: Development of the selected village in an integrated manner. This would
include economic development, infrastructure development and other aspects of
human development i.e., education, health, drinking water supply, etc.
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojana
(PMAGY)
Development of model villages for bringing
about socio-economic transformation among
the scheduled castes in the Indian villages in a
sustainable manner.
Villages where the population of the
Scheduled Castes is above 50 per cent will be
taken for this kind of development.
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Micro-level Planning
Micro planning is a location specific planning
or grass roots planning. Micro-level planning
(MLP) means detailed planning at a lower
level, usually at or below a district, which takes
into account the variations in the community.
A good micro-level planning methodology
should be
• based on an assessment of the local
situation,
• client sensitive and participative
• replicable, and
• easy to institutionalize.
Methodology for micro-level planning comprises of
• Quick sample survey of households in the community
• Analysis of this data to assess the levels of coverage, unmet needs and its reasons,
as well as analysis to study their distribution in the community
• Diagnosis of underlying causes of poor or good performance and reasons for
unmet need and identifying remedial interventions
• Developing plans for interventions to reduce unmet need and to increase the
quality of services.
• Implementing the plans, and
• Resurvey at the end of the plan period to assess the change
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• It is a planning at the lowest level.
• It brings the planning process to the grassroots level to tackle the specific problems at the micro region
• During planning process emphasis is given on development of local resources and provision of infrastructures
• Emphasis is given on local traditions, history, values and practices
• Encourages bottom-up planning
• Enables communities to come together and analyse the economic, cultural and environmental situations and to identify the villages
resources for their optimum utilization, prioritize problems and seek solutions
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Need for Micro-level Planning
• MLP is a process whereby each individual household dwelling in a hamlet gets a fair chance to participate and design the Plan.
• The beauty of the plan lies in people’s approval and flexibility that gives a scope to revisit the steps and rectify the mistakes.
• When people of various categories with an individual focus, are involved thoroughly in all the stages; i.e. right from problem analysis to
resource allocation and role define, the process itself challenges the existing power structure without resorting to any violent means.
• Hence, probability of change in power equation, assertion of rights assigned to each individual under constitutional framework and
finally the development programs (as designed by the people and approved by the state) do work out in tandem.
• For this very reason MLP is often defined as a people’s empowerment process. As the communities get involved in the analysis of
problems for formulation, execution and monitoring of MLP they get empowered in the process.
• The basis of MLP is people-cantered and emphasizing on people’s decision
Characteristics of Micro-level Planning
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• To learn the basic need of communities after analysing their problems with sharp-eyed observations and experiences.
• To extract detailed information from a larger and more representative group of SC dominated societies than from observation alone.
• To ascertain the status of the village, at the commencement of PMAGY,
• across various socio-economic parameters – preferably over time,
• in terms of coverage of various development schemes
• To compile data in such a way as to identify needs, areas of intervention, and facilitate preparation of a Village Development Plan, and
• To serve as a benchmark against which to assess the progress due to PMAGY at the end of three years.
• To get “community participation” and more people actually involved in the subsequent action itself.
• To identify employment needs, scope of self employment – level of employment and farming system development for higher economic
growth and stability with predefined economic indicators,
• To identify gender wise critical educational, health, and recreation needs with specific social indicators like literacy, education, training
and skills, and opportunities for all members of the society cutting across gender, age, caste and religion to evaluate the impact in the
future.
• To identify infrastructural needs of the target area and prioritize them.
• To explore opportunity of networking / partnerships with Govt. /Local bodies’ plans and intervention for spearheading overall
development of the target area.
• To analyse the gaps between needs & available resources in terms of government/local bodies, Central /state’s erstwhile/existing
interventions to avoid wastage of resources because of duplicity.
• To see possibilities to reduce funding gaps using fund from PMAGY through convergence with existing scheme.
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Purpose of Village Development Planning
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Stock Taking: examination/analysis of the current situation
Vision: sector specific functionaries and their development
Problem Prioritization: The stock taking exercise can result in a long list of village problems and it may be difficult to work on each of them
within a stipulated time frame.
Problem and Solution Analysis:
• The priority problems are analysed in mixed groups using the (problem and solution tree) problem and cause analysis approach.
• The use of problem tree raises an awareness among the villagers that they can actually influence many of the causes of the big problems and that
many causes are due to their own actions
Action Planning: With the help of village groups identification of actions most likely to produce the desired results.
Follow-up and Monitoring Mechanism: whether the existing organizations are adequate to oversee implementation of action plan or
whether there is a need to create new organizations.
Consolidation and Technical Inputs: formation of technical committee with the help of Zilla Panchayat which will consolidate gram
panchayat plans, scrutinize the plans for technical feasibility, provide support to gram panchayat in formulation of project proposals.
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Steps for preparation of Village Development Plan
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Case study: Kagalabamori village
The Micro planning exercise was carried out in
Kagalabamori villages (Kishanganj block) of Baran district
of Rajasthan. The studied village is located in the north-
west in Kishanganj Block and falls under Sevani Gram
Panchayat and Ramgarh revenue circle. The village is
dominated by SC population (37.30 % of total population)
and spread over into 890 hectare with colonized habitat
of 6 Basti i.e Kirad Basti, Bairwa Basti, Chandragarh, Phelu
Ki Tapari , Sahariya Basti.
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S.No Particulars Figures as per
census 2001
Figures as per
Hs survey 2010
1. Total Area 890 Hac 890 Hac
2. Total household 241 Nos 246 Nos
3. Total population 1326 Nos 1099 Nos
4. Total Male population 704 Nos 569 Nos
5. Total Female Population 622 Nos 530 Nos
6. Scheduled Cast Population 495 Nos 475 Nos
7. SC Male Population 258 Nos 244 Nos
8. SC Female Population 237 Nos 231 Nos
9. Scheduled Tribe Population 257 Nos 288 Nos
10. ST Male Population 123 Nos 142 Nos
11. ST Female Population 134 Nos 146 Nos
Demographic Analysis:
Sex Wise Population Age Group
Below figure presented age groups in population sex wise and it is noticed that there is large group
of 19-45 and 6-18 years which can be contribute very well in development of villages.
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Poverty Line across Prevailing Caste Section
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Institutional Involvement
Basic Amenities
Roads
80% of the roads in the village are kaccha roads. 20% roads are pucca roads
Due to inadequate road connectivity, transportation facilities and access to market is poor.
Kuccha roads not only consume additional time in traveling, but also lead to physical injuries and accidents.
Drainage Facility
The drainages are either logged or leaking, thus causing health hazards. It was found that poor and non-existent drainage system in the
village has led to far reaching consequences on health and quality of life.
Electricity
Village does not have any kind of electric supply. A clear need for regular power supply emerged in village. Electric supply is another major
indicator that severely affects the quality of life. Availability of regular electric supply would improve agricultural production, establish new
enterprises for livelihood generation and lead to an increase in the economic status of the village. It also bears an impact on the employment
status of young people who would want to engage in setting up of micro enterprises.
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Basic Amenities
Drinking Water Facility
The graph indicate that SC communities are mainly dependent on water tap and hand
pump for drinking water ,while general category community having own resources of
drinking water i.e. tube well. Out of 16 hand pumps installed in village, about 13 are
functional while 2 tube well are lying with better off communities, are very productive in
supply water even during summer months. 64.63 % of the potable water requirement is
fulfilled through hand pumps while 33% is fulfilled from water tap. The other sources of
drinking water are private tube wells which are four in number and two tube wells. Quality
of water from both sources is very good and potable. There is an immediate need to add
two tube wells and repairing of three non functional hand pumps.
Health Facility
In village Kagalabamori, 1 sub-centre of primary health centre is operational and one ANM
and ASHA worker has already been placed who are delivering very good door to door
services. For getting higher level of treatment, local communities have to go to community
Health Centre (CHC) at Kishanganj or District hospital at Baran. Under JSY scheme of
NRHM, pregnant ladies are getting facilities for institutional delivery at the nearby centre.
One Aganwadi centre is also operational with 2 AWC workers. AWC is running well;
particularly vaccination of infant children, mid day meal, proper health check up as per
discussion with Aganwadi workers at centre.
Educational Facility
Village is having only one primary school which is located in Sahariya basti and running very well with average attendance of 69.46 %. The below
table gives break-up o the educational profile of the village school and its performance and comparison school with district, state and national
level data.
Most of the education related problems are due to poor condition of school infrastructure. The problems and issues did not vary irrespective of
the type of school. Issues have been classified into four broad categories that include infrastructure, curriculum, staff and equipment. Staffs were
found not dedicated to their job and there is a need for considerable improvement in teaching quality. Children also desired playground in village.
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Land and Agriculture Resources
Land Use Pattern And Source Wise Irrigating Coverage
The graph shows land use pattern and irrigation coverage in Kagalabamori village. It may be seen that arable land largely covered total land
area available and extended upto 40 % of total land (1648 bigha) due to improved irrigation coverage (89%) sourced by tube well, canal
and river. Pasture land (336 bigha) are very limited in village but forest land (946 Bigha) and waste land (575 bigha) are largely available and
need proper rehabilitation. The availability of agricultural facilities seems to be comparatively good; however, 1104 bigha land is irrigated
out of 1648 bigha arable land but there is need to improve the irrigation facility so that double season cropping can be practiced.
As the village is located at tail end, water is not reaching for timely
irrigation. Irrigation water mainly benefited the farming of wheat, mustard,
coriander, gram and paddy. For tank irrigation, beneficiaries have to pay Rs
50/- per bigha as irrigation charges to Patwari. To improve irrigation
accessibility in untouched area, there is a need to construct anicut
particularly in Bagardi-nala.
The nature of soil for growing a crop is a significant determinant of the crop
yield which depends on many factors of which black soil seems to be the
most appropriate. It is also very important to administer the knowledge on
technologies regarding improved practices of farming so that they are able
to produce more with less of risks and difficulties.
Landuse Pattern Soil Type
Source of Irrigation
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Cropping Pattern, Productivity and Income from Agriculture Resources
The agriculture is major backbone for livelihood economy and farmers are used to take two season crops particularly Soybean, Sesame,
Jowar, Urad, Maize in Kharif and Wheat, Coriander and Mustard in Rabi season. The types of crops which are cultivated by the farmers in
the Rabi and Kharif seasons have also been listed along with their varieties. 60-70% of populations in these villages depend on agriculture.
The farm management and agricultural practices used at present by the farmers are conventional that need to be improved in terms of use
of technology, improved varieties of seeds and adoption of modern farm practices.
In addition to wheat in Rabi season, farmers are also equally
taking cash crops like mustard and Coriander to attain higher
growth productivity in agriculture.
Similarly, in Kharif, soybean is the major crop since 20-25 years
and around 57 of land is cropped with this commercial crops
while rest of land is with sesame (43%). Overall, cropping
system is mainly dominated by oil seed crops.
Percentage of cropped area of major crops
Kharif Season
Corriander Wheat Mustard
Rabi Season
Soyabean Seasame
Average income per bigha from major crops
It has been observed that in Rabi season, major source of
income is from Wheat, Mustard and Coriander crops; while in
rainy season crops like sesame and soybean were not
contributing good income as the crops are being affected by
poor pest control measures, resulting in decline of productivity
and subsequently market rate.
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Food Security during Lean Period
Across prevailing caste section, data on grain and pulses demand and consumption revealed that grain requirement per family in SC and
General are lower with grain availability while in ST and OBC category, it is slightly higher with grain availability, can be managed through
increasing productivity of agriculture resources. Overall, food security is satisfactory.
Pulses requirement per family in SC and
OBC are less with grain availability while in
ST and GN category, it was with no grain
availability due to non cultivation of pulses
crops in previous year.
Average requirement V/s Availability of Pulses Average requirement V/s Availability of Grain
Livestock Assets
Cattle type, Productivity and Diseases
In the village, livestock productivity, particularly of milch cattle (Cows,
Goats and Buffaloes,) is not up to mark and majority of milch cattle are
deshi type. In village, total cows are 214, Bull 40, buffaloes 138 and
Goat 133 in number as per Household survey 2010.
From the graph it is clear that SC and ST are having very less number of
cattle (1.3-3.1) while OBC, particularly Gurjar community are having
wide variety of cattle in good number (1.9-6.2)
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In all three seasons, 36-42
households out of 246 are
having adequate fodder
which is managed from
their own agricultural field
while 37-48 households
have to purchase fodder
from outside in all three
seasons.
Season/source wise fodder availability among households
Livestock Assets
Fodder Security in Lean Period
Major fodder available in village are wheat husk , soybean
straw , jowar maize and gram crop residue, grasses Themeda
sps, Heteropogon sps, Apluda sps. Maximum fodders are
managed from their own field at the different cropping
season. Among these fodder qualities, most palatable and
nutritive fodder attaining to higher milk productivity is green
jowar crop residue and perennial grasses. Wheat husk is
available with every farming family for minimum period of 8-
10 months, and it is kept for managing fodder in lean period.
Average earning members per family caste wise
Livelihood Economics
Average Earning Members Per Family Across Prevailing
Caste Category
Average earning members ranges from 1-1.5 out of
total average members 4-4.8 and rest of members i.e.
old aged, children and women are dependent upon
family head. Earning members were found
comparatively more in ST followed by OBC and SC. This
indicates that there is a need for creating employment
opportunities for those left behind at home so that
they can earn also for reducing the financial burden on
family head. Vocational inputs for starting home based
entrepreneurship would be ideal steps for their
economic up-liftment.
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Average income and expenditure
among various caste sections
Average Income from Various Sectors across Existing Caste Section
Below given graphs present net saving/deficit after income and
expenditure analysis across all caste classes for the year 2009-10.
Average deficit was recorded in SC category while very lesser amount
of net surplus was seen in ST and OBC categories. Income from
agriculture, livestock, labour, services and other sectors were
calculated on annum basis and then, for agriculture, livestock,
household expenditure, net expenditure was assessed.
Average earning members per family
caste wise
Expenditure Pattern Among Existing Caste Section
Among prevailing caste section, it has been seen that average
expenditure per annum per households was found much higher on
food consumption even though sufficient availability of food grain
and pulses against average requirement per family. This indicates
that farmers are used to sell out their self produced food grain and
pulses after season rather than procuring food grain and pulses for
self consumption. After this, communities spend for education and
health and social customs.
Status of net surplus/deficit among
various caste sections
SC and ST communities are
economically more vulnerable,
their expenditure pattern on
basic necessities like education,
health and cloths are too low
and need support for
enhancement of per capita
household income.
Credit Source, Repayment Status and Credit Preference Source
Survey data revealed that 124 households are dependent mainly on moneylenders while 30
families access credit from the nearest bank and other institutional sources. Few families are taking
credit from their family relatives. Around 72 families had not taken any credit. Sometimes, few
families had to depend on two credit sources due to poor repayment to previous source. Micro-
credit was mainly taken for purchasing of farming inputs. Other purposes are marriage, medical
treatment, education, housing, tractor purchasing. Local money lender is charging high interest
rate to them resulting in increasing debt cycle.
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Number of households assets among
BPL and APL category
Household and Productivity Related Assets
The assets of daily use are mainly mobile phone and bicycle which
scores highest. Other assets of daily use are Television (TV) and
sewing machine. Women in the villages engage in stitching work,
thus, many of them are own sewing machines. Television is the
most important source of information and entertainment. Other
assets found are two and four wheeler, Chula's.
Source wise account holders across
prevailing socio economic category
Source-wise Account Holders Across Prevailing Socio- Economic
Category
From the graph it is clear that all BPL families opened their account in
nearest service area bank mainly due to MGNREGA as all labour
payment has to be transferred to their own Bank account. This is
good sign towards inculcating saving habits as well bank transaction.
While SC and ST households had their bank accounts, many of APL
members did not have account in bank. Saving account holders were
found very few in post office.
Number of productivity assisted
assets among BPL and APL category
The average number of assets related to agricultural activities is
high which included agricultural implements, water pump, tube
well, and spray pump only in case of APL families. However, the
existing number of productivity related assets among APL also does
not support the production capacity. The need to provide
additional equipment to enhance agricultural production emerged
greatly and the requirements have been indicated in the village
development plan of respective villages. BPL category were found
possessing very inadequate assets.
Seasonal Migration Scenario
Among all caste sections, families are
migrating to nearby cities for getting
better opportunity for wage
employment to sustain/improve their
lives and below figure revealed that
frequency of migration is much more
in ST and OBC households followed by
SC community. Less migration was
seen among better off families.
Average number of migrants
Average earning per year migration
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Table for shortfall estimation of resources
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Vocational Education
The need for vocational training appears to be very high. However, as mentioned earlier, gender
disparity here is also indicative of extremes. More men compared to women want to undertake
vocational training. Vocational training was more popular among youngsters in the age group of
19 to 32. The nature of trainings in demand is also determined by gender.
For example, it is observed that women are keen to learn tailoring skills due to the fact that the
occupation as a tailor could be undertaken at home. Similarly, trainings/occupations that are
perceived to allow women earn from home appear to be in demand such as home based
enterprise or cottage industry.
Inclination towards market driven training was evident from interest in latest avenues of income
generation – for example desire to take training in mobile phone repairing among men and
computer training among women.
Resource Gap analysis
Actual demand for village level infrastructure
resources was carried out with the help of
resource gap analysis. The shortfall has been
estimated against existing resource availability
in Kagalabamori village, and this addressed
while making village development plan with the
involvement of local people.
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Table for identified sector wise list of problems
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Participatory Rural Appraisal
Based on an extensive PRA exercise and focus group discussion placed in village Kagalabamori, a wide range of
information set related to resource inventory has been developed and presented and analysed. Subsequently,
Situational analysis exercise was organized for assessing the community needs and understand the cause and
effect relationship of each problems facing currently in village and their detailed analysis was understood.
Large groups expressed their opinion about root cause of each problem and their affecting contributors during
discussion. Below mentioned table presented the identified sector wise list of problems in Kagalabamori village.
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Identified sector wise list of problems
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Identification and Prioritization of Development Options
After developing sector wise problems inventory, a large group of communities was facililitated to suggest measures to overcome these
problems keeping in mind local village situation and growth factor, and thus possible and viable development options for each problem were
identified in consultation with local communities.
Then, a list of possible development options based on the priority has been developed for 5- year integrated village work plan and
simultaneously financial operating was also prepared.
Financial Operating Plan table
VIJAY MEENA

Thank You
VIJAY MEENA

Integrated Village Development Plan | Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajasthan, India

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Integrated Village Development Plan | Case study: Kagalabamori Village, Rajasthan, India