The document discusses various teaching models including information processing models, behavioural models, personal models, and social models.
It provides details on several information processing models such as Atkinson and Shiffrin's model of memory, Gagne's information processing model, and different types of inquiry teaching models. Behavioural models covered include direct instruction, mastery learning, and programmed instruction models. Personal models summarized are non-directive teaching, developing positive self-concepts, and the project model. Lastly, the social model discusses group teaching, cooperative learning, and simulation methods like sociodrama and role-play.
The document provides an overview of key teaching models with the goal of guiding teachers in planning and
Educational assessment is important part of educational life of teachers and students. they are continuously engaged inthta . understanding about this indulge them with joy.. There is need to understand this concept with evaluation.
Educational assessment is important part of educational life of teachers and students. they are continuously engaged inthta . understanding about this indulge them with joy.. There is need to understand this concept with evaluation.
What is peer tutoring and how you will develop peer tutoring in your own classroom?
My masterals presentation will present you a simple but educated presentation of Peer Tutoring.
This model guides teachers to go to the depth of the content. And helps students to attain new concepts. So the model has a great attribute on teaching -learning process.
Meaning, characteristics of learner-centered teaching, characteristics learner-centered learning, Need for learner-centered approaches in teaching, advantages, learner-centered teaching vs teacher-centered learning, teaching, Learner - centered techniques of teaching and their advantages.
Definition of assessment,
ASSESSMENT AND TESTING
EDUCATIONAL DECISION
FACTORS WHY WE PLAN ASSESSMENT DEVICES,
Criteria for selecting Assessment instrument
,PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT,
Assessment can do more than simply diagnose and identify students’ learning needs; it can be used to assist improvements across the education system in a cycle of continuous improvement:
PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT
Importance of motivation in teaching and learning
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of education; Pakistan
A curriculum is the instructional and the educative programme by following which the pupils achieve their goals, ideals and aspirations of life. It is curriculum through which the general aims of a school education receive concrete expression
What is peer tutoring and how you will develop peer tutoring in your own classroom?
My masterals presentation will present you a simple but educated presentation of Peer Tutoring.
This model guides teachers to go to the depth of the content. And helps students to attain new concepts. So the model has a great attribute on teaching -learning process.
Meaning, characteristics of learner-centered teaching, characteristics learner-centered learning, Need for learner-centered approaches in teaching, advantages, learner-centered teaching vs teacher-centered learning, teaching, Learner - centered techniques of teaching and their advantages.
Definition of assessment,
ASSESSMENT AND TESTING
EDUCATIONAL DECISION
FACTORS WHY WE PLAN ASSESSMENT DEVICES,
Criteria for selecting Assessment instrument
,PURPOSE OF ASSESSMENT,
Assessment can do more than simply diagnose and identify students’ learning needs; it can be used to assist improvements across the education system in a cycle of continuous improvement:
PRINCIPLES OF ASSESSMENT
TYPES OF ASSESSMENT
Importance of motivation in teaching and learning
A project to promote conceptual learning for all;
Dr. Amjad ali arain; University of Sind; Faculty of education; Pakistan
A curriculum is the instructional and the educative programme by following which the pupils achieve their goals, ideals and aspirations of life. It is curriculum through which the general aims of a school education receive concrete expression
What are the elements that have the greatest impact on improving student learning for 11-18 years olds? How do they work together? The session presents each of the elements and explains their significance, then gives examples of these elements in humanities, English and social studies classrooms.
The presentation is prepared for pre service teacher trainees of Geography subject. it is a brief description of various learning resources or teaching aids which are used in learning and teaching of Geography subjet.
Syntactic change through translation: A corpus-based approach to language changeMario Bisiada
Talk given as part of the Corpus Research Seminar series rub by the University Centre for Computer Corpus Research on Language, University of Lancaster
10th of November 2011
Computers are a familiar sight in classrooms in the 21st century, and technology has been used to streamline many educational tasks. CAL started in the 1950s and 1960s mainly in USA. Term often used interchangeably with Computer-Based Instruction (CBI), Web Based Instruction (WBI), Computer-Assisted Learning (CAL), Computer-Enriched Instruction (CEI), and Web Based Training (WBT). Logo project was the first CAL system that was based on a specific learning approach.
Applying language learning theories to the use of virtual classroom in teaching literature –a pilot study
John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Audrey Gray are some of the proponents of Constructivism. Constructivism represents a paradigm shift from education based on behaviourism to education based on cognitive theory. Behaviourist model for instructional design develops a set of instructional sequences having predefined outputs which are used for subject development. Cognitive theory concentrates on the conceptualization of students’ learning processes and exploration of the way information is received, organized, retained and used by the brain (Thompson et al, 1996).
Gagnon and Collay (1999) state that in constructivist paradigm, knowledge is constructed by learners during (1) active learning, (2) making their own representation of action, (3) conveying meaning to others, and (4) explaining things they don‘t understand completely. At the minimum, a learning environment contains: the student and a setting or space wherein the student acts, uses tools and devices, collects and interprets information, interacts with others, etc. (Wilson, 1996)
According to constructivists, knowledge is not received from the outside or from someone else; it is the individual student’s interpretation and processing of what is received through the senses that creates knowledge. Students should be allowed to construct knowledge rather than being given knowledge through instruction (Duffy & Cunningham, 1996).
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. What is Teaching Model?
A model of teaching is a plan or
pattern that can be used to
shape curriculums (long-term
courses of studies), to design
instructional materials, and to
guide instruction in the
classroom and other settings
based on Joyce and Weil
(1980).
3. • Aim of TM: To produce effective teaching.
Figure 1.1: Glaser’s Teaching Model
4. Formulate a
Function of complete &
Teaching perfect teaching
scheme.
Model
Enable teachers to
analyse & evaluate its
strengths &
Provide guidance to
planners & teachers weaknesses so as to
As basic plan & implement
to enable them to
plan & carry out the guidance for appropriate follow-up
teaching process teachers for actions
effectively. reflection during
feedback session.
7. Types of Information Processing Model
Information- Inquiry Teaching
The Expository
Processing Model of Gagne’s Information Model
Teaching Model
Memory Processing Model
Scientific Inquiry
Model
Social Inquiry
Model
Juris-Prudential
Inquiry Model
Suchman’s Inquiry
Model
8. What do OUR MEMORY HAVE?
Sensory Memory Hold a large amount of information
Compartment in a duration just enough for a
small portion to be selected for
longer storage.
Short-term Memory Capacity is limited.
Storage duration is brief (unless
assisted with rehearsal)
Long-term Memory A very large storage capacity
(unlimited).
Stored longer.
10. Information-Processing Model of Memory
Incoming
information
Sensory memory Short-term Long-term
(sensory input)
pass through:
Sensory Retains information Can hold
for only a fraction of unrehearsed
a second but information for about
enough to select the 20 – 30 seconds.
portion of Information encoded
may last for
information that
Short-term memory weeks, months or
arrests one’s
attention. (The even years.
Information can be
information that stored longer if it is
caught one’s engaged under
attention is selected rehearsal.
Long-term memory for longer storage) (Repetition of
memorizing).
13. Important Aspects in Gagne’s 8 Phases
• Learning readiness
• Motivation
• Perception
• Conceptualization
• Memorizing
• Forgetting
• Learning transfer
14. How it works?
• Process begins from extrinsic @ intrinsic motivation to
perceive stimuli from environment.
• New information recorded in short-term memory.
• Information will be processed by relating stored
information in long-term memory.
• New information is reinforced, retained & applied when
required.
15. Expository Teaching Model
• Referred as explicit explanation in details of certain
facts.
• A way of presentation of information @ learning
contents to pupils directly.
• Presenting learning materials by
explanation, narration or demonstration.
• Suitably use to teach certain concept and skill during
the beginning of the lesson.
16. ..continue..
• Principle and concept are explained
verbally, as all the facts are written on
the board, showed on the screen.
• Time saving: Enables teacher to finish all
related concepts in a shorter period &
pupils merely listen quietly.
• More to a lecturing method. (Less
effective for primary schools).
17. Inquiry Teaching Model
• Scientific Inquiry Model:
–Used to study principles, phenomena &
characteristics of scientific knowledge.
–Research process based on 5 stages:
• Identify the problem.
• Ascertain relevant information.
• Determine hypothesis.
• Testing hypothesis.
• Evaluate, interpret, infer & conclude.
18. • Social Inquiry Model:
– Used to study topics related to social & humanity aspects.
– Based on activities such as observation, interview, @
questionnaire.
– Emphasizes on social interaction process.
– 6 steps:
• Formulation of problem by teacher.
• Formulation of hypothesis by pupils.
• Define hypothesis.
• Discuss & confirm validity of the hypothesis.
• Collect & analyse evidences for the hypothesis.
• Interpret & derive inference @ conclusion.
19. • Juris-prudential Inquiry Model:
– Used to look for reality & accuracy in current issues
(learning science is more useful than learning arts).
– Concerns with science & philosophy of human law.
– Based on activities, discussions and debates.
– Two types:
• Guided inquiry: Teacher guides pupils to carry out the whole
discussion process.
• Open Inquiry: No guidelines given. Students have to do the
discussion themselves.
20. • Suchman’s Inquiry Model:
– Based on assumption that strategies used by scientists can be
used as a teaching model especially in the study of science.
– Procedures:
• Teacher determines & indicates the problem.
• Teacher explains the inquiry process to solve the previous problem.
• Students are guided to form hypothesis, follows by the collection of
relevant data.
• Students use collected data to test hypothesis, aim to formulate
theorem, law, principle or theory.
• Discussion & making inferences.
• Teacher & students discuss together and analyse.
21. The Importance of Information
Processing Model
• Students are prepared with better equipments and
information for learning.
• Students are enforced with good mental exercises through
different methods and approaches.
• Students are informed of the objectives and learning
outcomes that should be achieved.
• Help students to remember the information for a longer
period of time.
23. Behavioural Model
Direct Programmed
Instruction Mastery
Instruction
Model Learning
Model
24. Direct Instruction Model
• Demonstration:
– A teaching technique involves the use of a teacher’s skill to
demonstrate @ perform a certain activity in the class.
– Teacher has a strong control over what is learnt in the
classroom, provides feedback, monitoring students, grading
work and strict classroom rules & regulations. (Teacher-
centered).
25. Mastery learning
• Refers to a theory & practice of using remedial teaching based on
feedback of pupil’s performance to assist them to achieve the learning
objectives.
• Procedures:
– Determine learning outcomes by planning explicit learning objective (based
on students’ performance).
– Teach pupils with effective teaching method & technique (use of suitable
learning materials to suit different learning styles)
– Evaluate learning result by diagnostic test & summative test (level of
mastering & achievement)
– Carry out remedial activities for pupils who have not fully mastered certain
skills & provide enrichment activities for pupils who have mastered the
lesson.
26. Programmed Instruction Model
• Computer Assisted Instruction (CIA)
– The application of technology & computer system in
teaching.
– Pupils follow designed learning materials in software
without teacher’s help.
– Teacher has to facilitate the pupils to have interest in
manipulating computer.
28. Personal Model
• Non-directive Teaching Model
• Developing Positive Self-concepts
• Project Model
– Research Project
– Handicraft Project
– Educational Visit
29. Non-directive Teaching Model
• Based on Carl Rogers’ work, he
believes that positive human
relationships enable people to
grow.
• Therefore instruction should be
based on concepts of human
relations.
30. Phase 1 : Defining the Helping Situation
Teacher encourages free expression of feelings.
Phases in
Phase 2: Exploring the Problem
Student is encouraged to define problem. Teacher accepts and clarifies feelings.
Non-directive
Model
Phase 3: Developing Insight
Student discusses problem. Teacher supports student.
Phase 4: Planning and Decision Making
Student plans initial decision making. Teacher clarifies possible decision.
Phase 5: Integration
Student gains further insight and
Teacher is supportive.
develops more positive actions.
Action Outside the Interview
Student initiates positive actions.
31. The Importance of Non-directive
Teaching Model
• Teacher helps students to explore new ideas.
• Students have freedom to making decisions and choices.
• Teacher and students are partners in learning.
• Nurtures and moulds students to be the way they are.
• Encourages students to think and reflect their uncertain
feelings and become better and be positive.
32. Developing Positive Self-concepts
• Appreciate the abilities and talents one
possesses.
• Positive self-concepts evolves with the
moral values that should be emphasised
among students.
• Activities that help: Group/Individual
Presentation, musical performances,
stage performances.
33. The Importance of Positive Self-concepts
• Gain knowledge and experiences by
enhancing their interests in learning
through self-concepts.
• Teacher shows positive approaches
and optimistic reinforcements.
• Boost their confidence.
• Provide opportunities for students to
express their ideas and listen to
other’s opinions.
34. Project Model
• Based on the belief that learning would be
effective if pupils are interested and ready
to carry out learning activities.
• Examples of Project Model:
– Research Project.
– Handicraft Project.
– Educational Visit.
35. 1. Research Project (Principles)
• Teacher determines suitable research
topic in accordance to the pupils’
experience, ability and interest.
• Aims and procedures must be determined
first and pupils are informed about this.
• Teacher prepares relevant materials
(check list, questions to be answered, etc.)
to facilitate pupils.
36. Continued…
• Research should be carried out safely
& every pupil should actively involve in
group activities.
• Teacher supervises and provides
guidance to pupils.
• Teacher discusses the outcomes of
research & evaluation should be
conducted after research is
completed.
37. 2. Handicraft Project (Principles)
• Planning of the project is based on pupils’
interest and ability.
• Prepare sufficient materials.
• Explain procedure precisely.
• Show examples of correct ways to do the
project.
• Time period is required!
• Discussion is carried out to assess the work
when it is done.
• Display good quality work to the other
students.
38. 3. Educational Visit (Principles)
• Before the Visit:
– Identify the place of visit.
– Obtain permission.
– Arrange for transport.
– Conduct briefing session regarding safety,
precautions, behaviours, aims of visit and
regulations.
– Prepare sufficient equipments.
39. ….continued
• During the Visit:
– Divide pupils into several small groups.
– Every pupil should actively involve.
– Watch out for pupils’ safety.
– Give appropriate response to pupils’ inquiry.
• After the Visit:
– Hold discussion session with pupils regarding their
observations.
– Plan follow-up activity (making model, draw plan
or model, display things)
40. The Importance of Project Model
• Students able to relate their previous experiences to what
they are studying.
• Able to understand objectives of the projects before and after
lesson.
• Fun activities that attract students’ interests in learning more
& apply what they have learnt.
• Moral values are applied.
• Theories, facts & hypotheses are brought into practices (I do,
I remember & understand).
• Co-operations among students.
• Direct experiences & additional knowledge.
42. Social Model
• Model of Group Teaching & Co-operative
Learning
• Simulation Model
–Sociodrama
–Role play
43. Uses group inquiry and
problem-solving
strategies
SOCIAL MODEL
Encourages assimilation and Relies on the students’
understanding of the personal and social
learners values
44. Ways of Teaching
GROUP TEACHING
AND CO-OPERATIVE SIMULATION
LEARNING
INFORMAL FORMAL
STUDY
LEARNING LEARNING ROLE-PLAY SOCIODRAMA
TEAMS
GROUP GROUP
45. ROLE-PLAY
Emphasize the social Role-playing is a teaching
nature of learning strategy that fits within the
social family models
stimulate students both
socially and intellectually -Joyce and Weil, 2000-
Improves interpersonal skills and
enhances communication
46. ROLE-PLAY
FOUR STAGES
1. Preparation and explanation of the activity by the teacher
2. Student preparation of the activity
3. The role-playing
4. The discussion after the role-playing activities
47. SOCIODRAMA
More like an acting activity
Based on a story which reflects a certain situation
involving conflicting issue, for example, Hang Tuah and
Hang Jebat
Script should be prepared earlier
Next
48. ADVANTAGES
Helps them to become aware of the typical ways
they solve problems
Increases both social and personal awareness
Promote acceptance, cooperation in classroom
Back
52. ELEMENTS
Face-to-face
Positive
Interaction
Interdependence
Individual & Group Group Processing
Accountability
Interpersonal & Small-
group Skills
53. Emphasize the worth of
cooperative learning
The Importance of Social Model
Incorporate the Promote social skills including
collective energy of the self-
group discipline, negotiation, democrac
y, etc.