The document discusses various energy sources and their limitations. It describes conventional sources like fossil fuels which are non-renewable and cause pollution. Renewable sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric are presented as alternatives. Conventional sources provide the bulk of energy currently but have drawbacks like greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion. Renewable sources offer sustainable alternatives to address the world's growing energy needs.

1. Limitations of conventional
sources of Energy
and Various renewable energy
sources

2. Energy
• Energy broadly means the capacity of something (a
person, an animal or a physical system) to do work
and produce change.
• Power- rate of flow of energy or rate at which work is
done

3. Why do we need energy?
• Transportation
• Heating homes
• Cooking
• Power machinery used for agriculture, industry/business, homes

4. Types of energy
• Conventional
• Non conventional

5. Energy Sources
• • Primary Energy sources-
– Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal)
– Nuclear energy
– Falling water, geothermal, solar
• • Secondary Energy sources- – Sources derived from a primary source
like…
❑Electricity
❑Gasoline
❑Alcohol fuels (gasohol)

6. Conventional energy
• Energy that has been used from ancient times is known as
conventional energy.
• Coal, natural
• gas, oil, and firewood
• are examples of
• conventional energy
• sources.

7. Conventional energy
• Traditional energy sources consist primarily of coal, natural gas and
oil.
• They form from decaying plant and animal material over hundreds of
thousands to millions of years.
• Carbon based (hydrocarbon)
• Most of these sources are burned to produce energy through power
plants and automobiles.

8. OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
• Includes: Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran,
Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates, & Venezuela
• 13 countries that hold about 67% world oil reserves

9. Effects of conventional sources
• Green house gas
• Pollution
• Carbon di oxide release
• Sulphur di oxide release
• Heavy metal release (mercury, lead)
• Depletion of resources

10. Coal
• Coal exists in many forms therefore a chemical formula cannot be
written for it.
• After plants died they underwent chemical decay to form a product
known as peat
• Peat is converted to coal by geological events and great pressures and
temperatures.
• When coal is burned, sulfur is released primarily as sulfur dioxide
(SO2 – serious pollutant)
• Coal Cleaning - Methods of removing sulfur from coal include
cleaning, solvent refining, gasification, and liquefaction

11. Alternate sources
• Wind energy
• Solar energy

12. N type and P type semi conductor