The document presents information about nuclear power generation at the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station. It discusses the flow chart of the Atomic Energy Commission of India, safety features at RAPS including emergency shutdown and double layered reactor buildings, and the capacities and operating histories of the six reactor units at RAPS. It also summarizes the nuclear fission process of uranium-235, the fuel used in pressurized heavy water reactors, and radioactive waste management practices including spent fuel storage pools and the cobalt facility.

1. A presentation on
STUDY OF NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION
2016-2017
PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY:
MR. AJIT KUMAR JOSHI SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYA
HOD (MECHANICAL DEPT.) FINAL YEAR (14EMBME203)

2. RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER
STATION,RAWATBHATA
UNIT 1 TO 6
By:-SHUBHAM VIJAYVARGIYA
VII SEMESTER MECHANICAL

3. FLOW CHART OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMISSION IN
INDIA
SAFETY FEATURES
SITE CAPACITY
URANIUM
FISSION REACTION OF URANIUM-235
WORKING AT RAPP SITE
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR WASTE
IRRADIATION

4. DAE
BARC BRIT
UCIL
NFC HWB
NPCIL
THESE UNITS ARE
FURTHER GOVERNED
BY ORGANISATION OF
“ATOMIC ENERGY
REGULATORY BOARD”
(AERB)
RAPS

5. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
• Awareness of the risk at the
site
• Move towards the nearest
safety location at the time
of hazard
• Use safety helmets
• Cover the nose with wet
cloth.
REACTOR SAFETY
• Emergency reactor shut
down
• High pressure safety
injection
• Double layer concrete
reactor building that does
not allow the radiation to
exit the reactor building at
the time of hazard

6. Reactor Unit Capacity (Mw) Year
RAPS Unit I 100 1972
RAPS Unit II 200 1980
RAPS Unit III 235 1999
RAPS Unit IV 235 2000
RAPS Unit V 235 2010
RAPS Unit VI 235 2010
RAPP Unit VII 700 Under Construction
RAPP Unit VIII 700 Under Construction
UNIT 5 of RAPS has made a world record of longest non-stop operating Nuclear
Reactor without any shutdown with 765 day

7. Nuclear Fission:
Heavy nuclei split into two smaller parts in order to
become more stable

8. • URANIUM is a slightly radioactive metal that occurs
throughout the earths crust.
• It is present in most rocks and soils as well as in many
rivers and in sea water.
• Although uranium is about 100 times more common than
silver, U-235 is relatively rare.

9. •Uranium mining and
milling
•Conversion and
enrichment
•Fuel rod fabrication
•Power reactor
•Reprocessing
•Radioactive waste
disposal
•Low level in
commercial facilities
•High level at plant or
under ground
repository

10. The fuel used in a PHWR type reactor is sintered
natural uranium di-oxide in the form of small
pellets. These pellets are kept in the zircalloy
tubes and are 24 per tube. The tubes are known
as pencils and 19 pencils make a complete fuel
bundle. The pencils are held between end plates
and zircalloy provide spacing between the tubes
and zircalloy pads provide bearing action. This
help mixing of the coolant flow with the sub
channels between the elements.

12. 1. Calandria
2. Control Rods
3. Fuelling Machine 8. Reactor Building
4. Heat Exchanger 9.Coolant Channel
5. PHT Pump 10. Fuel Bundles
6. Moderator Pump 11. Coolant Tower
7. Boiler (Steam Generator) 12. Turbine

13. What is a Nuclear Reactor ?
It is simply an apparatus in which heat is
produced due to nuclear fission chain reaction
for the generation of electricity.

14. PRESSURIZED HEAVY WATER REACTOR
• The Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR)
concept allows the use of natural uranium as a
fuel without the need of enrichment.
• However ,it need the installation of a heavy
water D2O production capabilities.
• Most of the worlds Nuclear Reactors are
Heavy Water based.

15. 1. REACTOR CORE ( Calandria)
It consist of fuel elements, control rods, coolant,
moderator and pressure vessels. Cores
generally have shapes of right circular
cylinders with diameter ranging from .5 to 15
meters. Fuel rods made of uranium rods clod
in thin sheath of stainless steel, zirconium or
aluminum.

16. 2. CONTROL RODS
It is made of heavy mass element such as Boron and
cadmium , cobalt. It simply absorbs the neutron so that
it can either maintain or stop a reaction.
In RAPS, cobalt is used as control rods. The used cobalt is
then processed and enriched .The enriched cobalt is
then used for different purposes such as cobalt therapy
etc.
Its usage-
1. For starting the reactor
2. For maintaining at that level
3. For shutting down the reactor at normal or emergency
conditions

17. 3. MODERATOR
Function:
To slow down the neutron from high velocity and hence high
energy level which they have on beginning released from
fission process so that probability of neutron to hit the
fuel rods increases.
 Type of Moderators :
1. Water H2O.
2. Heavy Water D2O.
3. Graphite
4. Beryllium
 Main properties:
1. High slowing down
power
2. Chemical and
Radiation stability
3. High thermal stability

18. 4. COOLANT
 Function:
Coolant is used to remove the intense heat from the
produced in the reactor and that heat can be transferred
to water in separate vessel which is converted into steam
and runs the turbine.
Most commonly used coolant is CO2.
 Characteristics:
1. Low melting point
2. High boiling point
3. Low viscosity
4. Low toxicity
5. Non corrosiveness

20. RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
SPENT FUEL STORAGE POOL

21. COBALT FACILITY
It is a unit of Board of
Radiation and Isotope
Technology (BRIT). Which
uses the spent fuel and
control rods to generate
cobalt-60 to for various
function such as cancer
treatment and irradiation
of food supplements.
In other words it helps in
nuclear waste
management. It deals with
the low level radioactive
waste .