The document discusses different forms of energy including potential, kinetic, electrical, mechanical, chemical, heat, light, and various energy sources such as hydro, solar, wind, biomass, fossil fuels, and nuclear power. It describes how these different forms and sources of energy work, their environmental impacts, and how energy can be transformed from one form to another but not created or destroyed according to the law of conservation of energy. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy and developing renewable sources.

1. ENERGY
GROUP II
“the ability to work”

3. S
T
A
T
E
S
• Potential Energy
–Stored energy
• Kinetic Energy
–Moving energy

4. FORMS
SOURCES
USES
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT/s

5. MAIN FORMS

6. ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
• The energy released
due to the movement
of charges
MECHANICAL
ENERGY

7. CHEMICAL
ENERGY
• Energy produce
through chemical reaction.

8. HEAT/THERMAL ENERGY
• It is the energy
released/ taken
in the form of
heat. It
increases the
temperature of
the object.
• Heat energy
moves in three
ways:
1.Conduction
2. Convection
3. Radiation

10. LIGHT ENERGY
• the energy that is
released in the form
of electromagnetic
radiation,
• what we perceive
(visible light) is just
a small part of the
total spectrum.

11. ENERGY SOURCES
Hydro Power
Ocean Power
Solar Power
Wind Power
Biomass
Fossil Fuels
Nuclear Power
Geothermal Power

12. GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY
 Harness energy from
the heat energy present
underneath the Earth to
produce electricity.
 The result of the decay
of radioactive materials
present beneath the
Earth's crust.

14. HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY
• uses the kinetic energy of moving water to
make electricity
• the gravitational descent of a river is
compressed from a long run to a single
location with a dam or a flume. This creates a
location where concentrated pressure and flow
can be used to turn turbines or water wheels,
which drive a mechanical mill or an electric
generator. This turbines spin generators to
produce electricity
HOW IT WORKS

16. Hydropower plants and environment
 Damming rivers may
destroy or disrupt wildlife
and other natural
resources
 Hydropower plants can
also cause low dissolved
oxygen levels in the water,
which is harmful to river
habitats

17. OCEAN ENERGY
1. WAVE
– Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves
of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a
turbine
– used to power a warning buoy or a small light house

18. 2. TIDAL
- When tides comes into the shore, they can be trapped in
reservoirs behind dams. Then when the tide drops, the
water behind the dam can be let out just like in a regular
hydroelectric power plant
- used to turn water wheels to mill grains
3. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONSERVATION (OTEC)
- Using the temperature of water to make energy

19. TIDAL ENERGY & THE ENVIRONMENT
 Environmental impact has been negligible, but this
may not be the case for all other sites.
 Affect the seabed where they are positioned and
this might have an effect on the aquatic life in the
area
 Changes in water levels may cause flooding which
would affect the vegetation around the coast,
having an impact on the aquatic and shoreline
ecosystems

20. • Energy from the sun
SOLAR ENERGY
Plants use the sun's light
to make food. Animals eat
plants for food

21. • We hang laundry outside to dry in the sun
• Decaying plants hundreds of millions of years ago
produced the coal, oil and natural gas that we use
today. So, fossil fuels is actually sunlight stored
millions and millions of years ago.
• Even nuclear energy comes from a star because the
uranium atoms used in nuclear energy were created
in the fury of a nova – a star exploding

22. • Solar power plants reduce the
environmental impacts of combustion
used in fossil fuel power generation
such as green house gas and other air
pollution emissions
SOLAR ENERGY & THE
ENVIRONMENT

23. WIND ENERGY
• Energy derive from
wind power which
propels the blades of
wind turbines. These
turbines cause the
rotation of magnets,
which creates
electricity.
• The kinetic energy of
the wind can be
changed into other
forms of energy, either
mechanical energy or
electrical energy.

24. • Uses
– Boats to lift a sail,
it is using wind
energy to push it
through the water.
This is one form of
work
– to pump water
from wells using
windmills
– To dry our clothes.

25. ADVANTAGES
• Continuous sources of energy
• Clean source of energy
• No emissions into the atmosphere
• Does not add to thermal burden of the
earth
• Produces no health-damaging air
pollution or acid rain
• Land can be sued to produce energy and
grow crops simultaneously

26. WIND ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
• The most serious
environmental
drawbacks to wind
machines may be
their negative effect
on wild bird
populations and the
visual impact on the
landscape

27. NUCLEAR ENERGY
• Energy created in a nuclear
reaction
• produced naturally and in
man-made operations
under human control.
• produced in two different
ways, in one, large nuclei
are split to release energy.
In the other method, small
nuclei are combined to
release energy.

28. ADVANTAGES
• Clear power with no atmospheric emissions
• Useful source of energy
• Fuel can be recycled
• Low cost power for today’s consumption
• Viable form of energy in countries that do not
have access to other forms of fuel

29. DISADVANTAGES
• Potential of high risk disaster (Chernobyl)
• Waste produced with nowhere to put it
• Waste produced from nuclear weapons
not in use
• Earthquakes can cause damage and leaks
at plants
• Contamination of the environment (long
term)
• Useful lifetime of a nuclear power plant

30. FOSSIL FUELS
Major Forms
1. COAL
2. OIL
3. NATURAL GAS
- Formed during the Carboniferous Period(360-286
million years ago) before the time of the dinosaurs –
hence the name fossil fuels

31. 1.COAL
- a hard, black colored rock-like substance. It is
made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
and varying amounts of sulfur
- three main types of coal – anthracite, bituminous
and lignite
+Anthracite
- the hardest and has more carbon, which gives it
a higher energy content
+Bituminous
- in between
+Lignite
- the softest and is low in carbon but high in
hydrogen and oxygen content
- Use to fuel power plants and other factories

32. Global Coal Reserve
Coal Consumption

33.  One of the most abundant energy sources
 Versatile; can be burned directly, transformed into liquid,
gas
ADVANTAGES
 Good for recreational use
(charcoal for barbequing,
drawing)
 Leading source of
electricity today
 By-product of burning
(ash) can be used for
concrete and roadways

34.  Source of pollution: emits waste, SO2 , Nitrogen
Oxide, ash
 Coal mining mars the landscape
 Liquification, gasification require large
amounts of water
 Physical transport is difficult
 Dirty industry—leads to health problems
 Dirty coal creates more pollution and emissions
DISADVANTAGES

35. 2.0IL
-Comes from tiny
diatoms. Diatoms are sea
creatures the size of a pin
head. They do one thing
just like plants; they can
convert sunlight directly
into stored energy.

36. ADVANTAGES
 Oil is one of the most abundant energy
resources
 Liquid form of oil makes it easy to
transport and use
 Oil has high heating value
 Relatively inexpensive
 No new technology needed to use

37.  Oil burning leads to carbon emissions
 Finite resources (some disagree)
 Oil recovery processes not efficient enough—
technology needs to be developed to provide better
yields
 Oil drilling endangers the environment and
ecosystesm
 Oil transportation (by ship) can lead to spills, causing
environmental and ecological damage (major oil spill
near Spain in late Fall 2002) Issues
 Fossil fuels such as oil take billions of years to form.
DISADVANTAGES

38. 3.NATURAL GAS
• mostly made up of a gas called
methane. Methane is a simple chemical
compound that is made up of carbon
and hydrogen atoms
• lighter than air
• highly flammable
• It is pumped from below ground and
travels in pipelines to storage areas

40. RESERVES
CONSUMPTION

42. BIOMASS ENERGY
• matters usually thought of as
garbage.
• When garbage decomposes,
the methane produced is
captured in pipes and later
burned to produce electricity.
Vegetation and wood can be
burned directly to generate
energy, like fossil fuels, or
processed to form alcohols.

43. CATEGORIES OF BIOMASS CONVERSION
1. Primary energy conversion technologies
Combustion - direct combustion of biomass is the most common way
of converting biomass to energy - both heat and electricity. Compared
to the gasification and pyrolysis it is the simplest and most developed.
Gasification - as direct composition, gasification is a high-temperature
(1200-1400 Degree Celsius)thermochemical conversion process but the
process is used for production of gas, instead of heat.
Pyrolysis - thermal decomposition occurring in the absence of oxygen.
We use pyrolysis to produce a liquid fuel, bio-oil or pyrolysis oil.
2. Secondary energy conversion technologies
Steam engine are used in industrial environments but
are still expensive. Steam turbines are used in large
scale power generation and cogeneration plants.

44. How it is converted

45. CARBON NEUTRAL

47. RENEWABLE ENERGY
NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY
VS

48. RENEWABLE
SOLAR
WIND
GEOTHERMAL
HYDROTHERMAL
BIOMASS
TIDAL/OCEAN
NON-RENEWABLE
NUCLEAR ENERGY
FOSSIL FUELS

49. LAW OF ENERGY CONSERVATION
“In a closed system, the total amount of
energy always remains constant, because it
can neither be created nor be destroyed, it
is only transformed into another form of
energy”

50. ENERGY CONVERSION

51. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

52. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

53. WHY DO WE NEED TO
CONSERVE ENERGY?
1. DEMANDS FOR ENERGY ARE
INCREASING.
2. ONLY FEW FORMS OF ENERGY
ARE USEFUL.

54. WHERE THE WORLD
GETS ITS ENERGY

55. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

56. ENERGY
CONSUMPTION

57. FUTURE ENERGY SOURCES

58. RENEWABLES

59. Hydrogen is a colorless,
odorless gas that accounts
for 75 percent of the entire
universe's mass. Hydrogen is
found on Earth only in
combination with other
elements such as oxygen,
carbon and nitrogen. To use
hydrogen, it must be
separated from these other
elements.
HYDROGEN

61. DID YOU KNOW?

62. SUMMARY/
CONCLUSION

63. THE END