Unicellular and mulitcellular
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This document discusses unicellular and multicellular organisms. Unicellular organisms are made of only one cell and include bacteria, amoebas, and unicellular fungi and yeasts. They are microscopic and need to be seen with a microscope. Multicellular organisms are made of two or more cells and include humans, cats, dogs, insects, trees and more. They can be seen with the naked eye and need all parts to survive. Examples are given of both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
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This document defines and compares living and non-living things. It states that all living things have cells, grow and change, reproduce, respond to stimuli, exchange gases, take in energy and get rid of waste. Examples of living things include plants, animals and humans. Non-living things do not have these life processes and are made of materials like rocks, water or plastic. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding and preserving life in nature.
Microbes
Microbes are tiny organisms that can only be seen under a powerful microscope. They are found everywhere in the environment and inside and on our bodies. While some microbes are harmful, most are useful. There are three main types of microbes - bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Bacteria come in different shapes and can move on their own or join together. Viruses invade host cells to reproduce. Fungi include mushrooms, yeast, molds, and more. Microbes are vital to life on Earth as they decompose waste, are involved in nutrient cycles, produce oxygen, and help break down food in our bodies. Without microbes, life as we know it would not exist.
Cell and micro organisms
Cells are the fundamental units that make up all living organisms. They were first observed by Robert Hooke in 1665 and further studies by scientists led to the theory that cells are the basic building blocks of life. Cells come in various shapes and sizes, and can be observed under a microscope. Plant and animal cells contain different structures and organelles that allow them to carry out specialized functions. Microorganisms, which are too small to be seen with the naked eye, exist virtually everywhere and can be either helpful or harmful to humans and other living things. Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease and can spread between individuals.
Introduction to Microbiology and Classification of Microorganisms.pptx
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms. Key developments included Anton van Leeuwenhoek first observing bacteria under a microscope in the 16th century. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch established the germ theory of disease and methods of culturing and staining bacteria in the 19th century. Modern microbiology involves classification of organisms, molecular biology, genetics, and applications like recombinant DNA technology and gene therapy. Emerging infectious diseases remain an important area of study.
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The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a zoology review, including the scientific method, food webs, keystone and invasive species, osmosis and diffusion, taxonomy, population sampling, reproduction, animal adaptations, and exam topics. Key concepts are defined, such as the levels in a food pyramid and food web, producers and consumers, isotonic and hypertonic solutions, asexual and sexual reproduction, and abiotic and biotic factors. Examples are given of adaptations in amphibians and cephalopods, feeding strategies of carnivores and prey, and reproduction through budding or fragmentation. Students are prompted to think of examples and explanations relating to these ecology and z
Plant reproduction, sexual and asexual
The document discusses plant reproduction, including asexual and sexual reproduction. It covers the life cycles of non-flowering plants like mosses and ferns which have motile sperm that require moist environments. The document also discusses the life cycles of flowering plants, which have evolved relationships with insect pollinators and can live in more diverse environments as a result. Key terms defined include haploid, diploid, mitosis, and meiosis. The alternation of generations in plant life cycles is also explained.
other living things: fungi, bacteria and algae
This document provides information about other living things besides plants and animals, including fungi, bacteria, and algae. It states that fungi are decomposers that break down dead plants and animals to absorb nutrients, while bacteria come in different shapes and sizes and can both cause diseases or aid digestion. Algae, like plants, are able to carry out photosynthesis. The document also defines several key words related to different types of organisms.
Day 02 Pro and Eu.pptx
All organisms are made of cells and can be either unicellular, consisting of a single cell, or multicellular, consisting of many cells. Cells fall into two categories: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are unicellular microorganisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, are very small, and are always bacteria. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular, have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, are larger and more complex than prokaryotes, and include organisms like animals, plants, fungi and protists but never bacteria.
Traits of Living Things.pptx
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and are generally unicellular bacteria, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and are usually multicellular organisms like plants and animals. Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that carries out all necessary functions of life, while multicellular organisms are made of multiple specialized cells that each perform specific roles.
Traits of Living Things.pptx
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and are generally unicellular bacteria, while eukaryotes have a nucleus and are usually multicellular organisms like plants and animals. Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell that carries out all necessary functions of life, while multicellular organisms are made of multiple specialized cells that each perform specific roles.
Classifying organisms part 1 (1)
Organisms are anything that is living, such as plants, animals, and bacteria. We classify organisms into groups based on their characteristics and structures. We can classify all living things into two main groups - those with a backbone and those without. Vertebrates can be further classified into mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds based on their structures. The document encourages exploring examples of different organisms and how they are classified.
Kingdom protista
This document summarizes the characteristics of protists and describes the three major groups of protists - animal-like protists, plant-like protists, and fungus-like protists. Protists are eukaryotic, can be unicellular or multicellular, and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. Animal-like protists include protozoans that move on their own and are classified by their type of movement. Plant-like protists include algae that can photosynthesize and produce oxygen. Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs that reproduce via spores and include water molds and slime molds.
Microorganisms Friend and Foe
This PPT is created By Rehet Kaur Bhatia 8D. About The Chapter
------------.> In This chapter, We would Learn Few Facts about Microorganisms And About How they help us and how they are harmful
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Introduction to Microbiology and Classification of Microorganisms.pptx
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Speed and Time graphs
This document provides information about distance vs time graphs and speed vs time graphs. It discusses key concepts such as:
- No movement results in a flat line graph for distance vs time and speed vs time
- Constant speed results in a straight line graph for both with the slope equal to the speed
- Acceleration results in a curved line graph for speed vs time with the slope of the line indicating the acceleration
Weather winds, air masses, air pressures, fronts
Here are the quiz questions:
1. What causes convection in the atmosphere?
2. Why does warm air rise and cold air sink?
3. What are the four main air masses that affect the US?
4. What type of front brings clearing conditions after it passes through?
5. What type of front moves slowly with rain developing gradually ahead of it?
Take 5 minutes to answer the questions individually on your paper. Then we'll go over the answers together.
Adaptation and selective breeding
The document discusses how physical features in animals evolve over generations through natural selection to help animals obtain food, stay safe from predators, build homes, withstand weather, and attract mates. It provides examples of physical features like beak shape, number of fingers, fur color and thickness, and nose or ear shape. Defensive adaptations against predators through hiding, camouflage, group defense, fleeing, and warnings are also discussed. Natural selection requires that organisms produce more offspring than can survive, individuals vary in their characteristics, and characteristics are inherited from parents. Through natural selection, characteristics evolve over time to resemble those of better-suited ancestors who survive and reproduce more successfully.
Adaptation and selective breeding
Animals develop physical features over many generations through natural selection that help them obtain food, stay safe from predators, build homes, withstand weather, and attract mates. These features are not acquired during an animal's lifetime but are inherited from parents and include traits like beak shape, number of fingers, fur color and thickness, and nose or ear shape. Many organisms avoid predators through camouflage, hiding, fleeing, or warning signals. The peppered moth example illustrates how a dark color mutation provided camouflage for moths in polluted areas, making the dark form more common than the light form.
Weather - Winds, air masses, air pressures, fronts
Weather occurs due to convection currents in the atmosphere caused by uneven heating from the sun. Warm air rises at the equator forming clouds, while cool air sinks at the poles. High and low pressure systems move across the globe along jet streams, bringing different weather depending on whether air is ascending or descending. Fronts separate air masses and influence whether conditions are sunny or stormy as warm and cold air interact.
Seasons
The seasons are caused by the 23.5 degree tilt of the Earth's axis as it revolves around the sun, resulting in different parts of the Earth receiving more or less direct sunlight over the course of a year. Summer occurs in the northern hemisphere when its axis is tilted toward the sun, producing longer days, and winter happens when the axis is tilted away from the sun for shorter days. The changing position of the Earth relative to the sun's rays is responsible for seasonal variations in weather patterns and daylight hours around the world.
Volcanoes
Volcanoes erupt when pressure from gases and magma built up in the volcano's magma chamber is too great. This is similar to the pressure build up in a balloon until it bursts. When the pressure is released, gases and molten rock (magma) are ejected from the volcano in explosive eruptions or flow out as lava in nonexplosive eruptions. Volcanoes form at boundaries where tectonic plates meet, especially at subduction zones, as well as at hot spots in the mantle.
Earth interior
This document provides an overview of the layers of the Earth through a series of diagrams and explanations. It discusses the four main layers - the lithosphere, asthenosphere, outer core, and inner core. The lithosphere includes the crust and upper mantle and is broken into tectonic plates. The asthenosphere is below the lithosphere and flows like hot asphalt due to convection currents, allowing the plates to move. Deeper layers get progressively hotter and the immense pressure would crush anything at the Earth's core.
Plate tectonics
Here are the steps to demonstrate a transform boundary using the snack tectonics materials:
1. Place a small amount of icing along the edge of one piece of wax paper to represent the plate boundary.
2. Hold the two pieces of wax paper next to each other with the icing in between.
3. Slowly slide the pieces of wax paper past each other along the icing, which represents the plates moving horizontally in opposite directions.
This demonstrates how transform boundaries form as the plates slide past each other laterally without either plate subducting under the other. The icing represents the fault line where energy is released through earthquakes as the plates shear and grind against each other.
Classroom pictures from 1st and 2nd nine weeks
The document contains pictures from classrooms during the first and second nine weeks of the school year. Students can be seen working individually and collaboratively on various academic activities and projects. The pictures provide a snapshot into classroom learning and engagement during the early part of the school year.
What is a chromosome anyway
Chromosomes are structures that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They are found in the nucleus of human cells and determine characteristics like eye color and blood type. Each human cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46.
Viruses
This document summarizes key information about viruses and bacteria from a biology chapter 17 presentation. It defines viruses as non-cellular particles composed of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. It lists many common viral diseases such as the cold, flu, smallpox, measles, and AIDS. The document also explains that viruses are transmitted through coughing, sneezing, touching contaminated surfaces, and sharing of body fluids.
Genetics introduction
The document introduces key concepts in genetics including chromosomes, DNA, genes, traits, genotypes, phenotypes, alleles, heterozygous, homozygous, and Punnett squares. It explains that chromosomes contain DNA and are found in pairs, with one from each parent. Genes are segments of DNA that determine traits. Genotypes are the genetic makeup and phenotypes are the physical traits. Dominant and recessive alleles and heterozygous and homozygous conditions are also defined. Punnett squares are introduced as a tool to predict the probability of traits in offspring based on the parents' alleles.
Electromagnetic spectrum
The document discusses the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes different types of electromagnetic waves that transfer energy, including visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, microwaves, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays. These waves have different wavelengths and frequencies and travel through space at the speed of light. Visible light is the only part of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see, but all types are forms of radiation. The document provides examples of how different types of electromagnetic waves are used, such as radio waves for communication, microwaves for cooking, and X-rays for medical imaging.
Extension on wavelenghts and the spectrum
Electromagnetic radiation, including light, comes in a wide range of wavelengths and is used by astronomers to study astronomical objects. Radio waves have the longest wavelengths while gamma rays have the shortest. Astronomers use spectroscopes to separate starlight into colors and study spectra, allowing them to determine properties of stars like their composition, temperature, and luminosity. Looking at objects across different wavelengths provides additional information.
Newton's laws of motion
This document summarizes Newton's three laws of motion:
1) An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is known as the law of inertia.
2) The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. This is expressed by F=ma.
3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The forces of action and reaction between two objects always act in opposite directions.
Acceleration
1) Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. It can be positive, indicating an increase in speed or change in direction, or negative, indicating a decrease in speed or change in direction.
2) A car accelerating from 60 mph to 90 mph in 3 seconds has an acceleration of 10 mph/sec. A car braking from 60 mph to a stop in 6 seconds has a negative acceleration of -10 mph/sec.
3) Falling objects near the Earth's surface accelerate at approximately 10 m/s2 due to gravity. Their velocity increases linearly with time until air resistance balances the gravitational force and the object reaches terminal velocity.
Acceleration
Each time you take a step or a vehicle changes speed or direction, it is experiencing acceleration. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time and can be calculated as the change in velocity divided by the time elapsed. For example, a car accelerating from 60 mph to 90 mph in 3 seconds has an acceleration of 10 mph/s. Acceleration can be positive, like the car speeding up, or negative, like when braking and slowing down. Over time, the constant acceleration due to gravity causes objects in free fall to increase their velocity, gaining 10 m/s every second until air resistance balances the downward force.
Acids and bases
This document discusses compounds, acids, and bases. It defines compounds as groups of bonded elements and lists some common chemical compounds along with their elemental compositions. Acids are defined as compounds that donate hydrogen ions in solution and have a low pH, while bases donate hydroxide ions, have a high pH, and are often used for cleaning. Examples of acids and bases are provided. The document also discusses using indicators like litmus paper to determine if a substance is an acid or base based on the color change, and that acids and bases neutralize through reactions that produce water.
Periodic table
The periodic table organizes the elements and provides useful information to chemists. It was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in the late 1800s by arranging elements in rows by atomic weight and columns by chemical properties. The modern periodic table arranges elements by atomic number and divides them into groups and periods that predict chemical and physical trends. The position of an element on the periodic table reveals its valence electrons and how it will bond and react.
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Unicellular and mulitcellular
- 1. Types of Organisms Unicellular Organisms vs. Multicellular Organisms
- 2. What is an Organism? Definition: Organism – anything that can live on its own
- 4. Unicellular Organisms Definition: Unicellular organism – an organism made of only one cell Information: These organism are very small and need to be seen with a microscope.
- 5. Unicellular: Common Names • Microscopic Organisms • Microorganisms • Really small living things
- 6. Examples of Unicellular Organisms • Amoeba • Bacteria • Unicellular Fungi • Unicellular Yeasts
- 7. Images of Unicellular Organisms
- 9. Multicellular Organisms Definition: Multicellular organism – an organism made of two or more cells Information: These organisms are able to be seen with the naked eye. These organisms need all parts of itself to survive.
- 10. Common Names • Many – celled organisms • Eukaryotic organisms • Mammals • Birds • Reptile • Fish • Many others…
- 11. Examples of Multicellular Organisms • Humans • Birds • Cats • Flowers • Dogs • Mold • Insects • Trees
- 12. Images of Multicellular Organisms
- 13. Sample Question Question: What type of organism is a hamster? Answer: Multicellular Page 1
- 14. Sample Question Question: What type of organism is bacteria? Answer: Unicellular Page 1
- 15. Bacteria • A unicellular microorganism lacking organelles and an organized nucleus • Some can cause disease.
- 16. How do they reproduce? • Every bacteria that lives today is the same bacteria that’s been around for ages and ages. • When bacteria go through the cell division process they can survive on their own.
- 19. Stand Up! • Stand on the left hand side of the room if you think all bacteria is bad. • Stand on the right hand side of the room if you think all bacteria is good.
- 20. Listen Up! • Bacteria is actually helpful! • Do you know anyone with diabetes? • Using genetic engineering, we can actually make insulin using bacterium.
- 21. How is it done? • Animation
- 23. What else do we do with bacteria? • Oil Eating bacteria • Yogurt • Cheese • Sauerkraut • Pickled Ginger • Wine/Beer • Olives • Dill Pickles • Soy Sauce
- 24. Oil Eating Bacteria • Gulf Oil Spill
- 25. Write 5 Test Questions • Example: – Explain the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms. – How can bacteria be useful? • Trade with a classmate • See if you can answer the questions.
- 26. Read Article – Your Choice 1. Write three questions you would like to ask a scientist who is working on a new way to use bacteria. 2. Write three reasons scientists should continue researching ways to use bacteria in industry. 3. Draw four ways bacteria is used in industry.
- 27. What Interested Me? • Write in your notes what interested you.
- 28. Why Should I Care? • Why should you care about what we talked about today?