INTELLIGENT TRAIN ENGINE PROJECT. THIS PROJECT IS ABOUT THREE APPLICATIONS IN RAILWAY SYSTEM. THOSE ARE 1.OBSTACLES DETECTION ON THE RAILWAY TRACKS USING ULTRASONIC SENSORS AND TRAIN ENGINE SPEED CONTROLLING. 2.FIRE DETECTION IN COACHES USING SMOKE SENSORS AND DISPLAY ABOUT FIRE IN TRAIN ENGINE. 3.AUTOMATIC RAILWAY CROSSING GATES CLOSING AND OPENING WHEN TRAIN CROSSING USING IR SENSORS AND ALARM SYSTEM.

2. B.NAGASUBRAHMANYAM(11U41A0454)
G.SIVARAMA KRISHNA(11U41A0475)
K.SUSHMA(11U41A0478)
V.RAJU(11U41A04A1)
K.DHIRAJ(12U45A0419)
GUIDE
D.L.MYTHRI(M.TECH)

3. CONTENTS
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM(FIRE and OBSTACLE)
 BLOCK DIAGRAM (RAIL WAY GATE CONTROL)
 ATMEL 89S52 CONTROLLER
 HARDWARE MODULES
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION
 CONCLUSION

4. ABSTRACT
• In the current railway systems, it is becoming more
necessary to have safety elements in order to avoid
accidents. One of the causes that can provoke serious
accidents is fire accident.
• The other application of this project is to automize the
unmanned railway gate i.e. the gate is closed
automatically whenever the train comes and is opened
after the train leaves the railway-road crossing. Using
this project, the arrival of the train can be identified in
either direction. For this purpose, two IR transmitter and
receiver pairs are used in this project.
• And the last one is obstacle detection , In this we use a
ultrasonic sensor which is placed in the bottom of the
train. when there is a object or human beings or another
train is coming means then the ultrasonic sensor senses
the object and it display the distance meter of the
obstacle in LCD and also the train will be stopped
automatically.

5. INTRODUCTION:
• The main idea of this project is to connect different
modules like fire, obstacle, vehicles and human beings so
as to make it into a real time application.
• Each module has its own importance in context to a
railway system to help.
• There are different ways to execute the project but here a
working prototype model can be shown with the help of a
Microcontroller with sensors and some electronic
components.

6. ATMEL 89S52
MICROCONTROLLER
• The AT89S52 is a low-voltage, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with
8K bytes of Flash programmable memory. The
device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-
density nonvolatile memory technology and is
compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51
instruction set.
• By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash
on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a
powerful microcomputer, which provides a
highly flexible and cost-effective solution to
many embedded control applications.
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7. MODERN TRAIN ENGINE
WITH OBSTACLE SENSOR

8. Block diagram
MODERN TRAIN ENGINE WITH OBSTACLE SENSOR

9. MODERN RAILWAY SYSTEM WITH FIRE
SENSOR AND OBSTACLE

10. FIRE SENSOR
• The Fire sensor 1 and Fire sensor 2 placed in
coach 1 and 2.
• When there is a fire in the coach 1, then the
Fire sensor will sense the smoke and it
converts in to electrical signal.
• These electrical signal is in the form of
voltages and it is given to the transistor.
• The transistor acts as a switch and its output is
given to the microcontroller.

11. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
• Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both
send and receive) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar
which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes
from radio or sound waves respectively.
• Operating frequency: 40KHz, Readable range: 3-12 meter
• Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and
evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor.

12. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
• The 8051 operates based on an external crystal.
This is an electrical device which, when energy
is applied, emits pulses at a fixed frequency.
One can find crystals of virtually any frequency
depending on the application requirements.
• When using an 8051, the most common crystal
frequencies are 12 megahertz and 11.0592
Megahertz--with being much more common.

13. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• The alphanumeric 16character X 2line LCD
requires 8data lines and also 3 control signals
and they are interfaced to 3664.By using 2
ports, port 0&3 data pins are connected to
LCD as data bus.
• Port0 can be basically used as I/O port i.e. it
can be programmed as an input or as an output
port

14. BATTERIES
• An electrical battery is one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy. The invention of the
first battery (or "voltaic pile") was in 1800 by
Alessandro Volta. Nowadays, batteries have
become a common power source for many
household and industrial applications.
• Alkaline batteries and alkaline cells
(a battery being a collection of multiple cells)
are a type of disposable battery or
rechargeable battery dependent upon the
reaction between zinc and manganese (IV)
oxide (Zn/MnO2).
• The alkaline battery gets its
name because it has an alkaline electrolyte
of potassium hydroxide(KOH)
•Higher Energy
density
•Longer Shelf
Life
• Prone to leaking

15. AUTOMATIC
RAILWAY GATE
CONROL SYSTEM

16. AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE
CONTROL SYSTEM

17. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF AUTOMATIC
RAILWAY GATE CONTROL SYSTEM

18. AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE
CONTROL SYSTEM
• One IR TX-RX pair is placed at one end of the railway
gate. The second pair is placed at another end of the
gate.
• Whenever any train is coming on the track, the IR signal
will be disturbed due to the interruption of the train. Thus
the microcontroller identifies the arrival of the t rain.
• Before closing the gate, the microcontroller activates the
siren to alert the people who are on the track. After 30
sec, the controller closes the gate by rotating the stepper
motor.

19. IR SENSOR
• A square wave of approximately 27uS
(microseconds) injected at the base of a
transistor, can drive an infrared LED to
transmit this pulsating light wave. Upon its
presence, the commercial receiver will
switch its output to high level (+5V).
• If you can turn on and off this frequency at
the transmitter, your receiver's output will
indicate when the transmitter is on or off.
• Operating frequency: 30-60 KHz, mostly
usable frequency 36 KHz

20. DC MOTOR
• When you apply energy to a motor it spins as
fast and hard as its design allows for that
energy level and output load. If you increase
the energy supply it spins faster and harder.
• If you attach a load the motor will slow down.
If you continue increasing the load it slows
ever more until the motors capability to work is
exceeded.

21. L293D MOTOR DRIVER IC
Features
•Wide Supply-Voltage Range:4.5V to
36 V
•Separate Input-Logic Supply
•Internal ESD Protection
•Thermal Shutdown
•High-Noise-Immunity Inputs
•Output Current 1A Per
Channel(600mA for L293D)
•Peak Output Current 2 A Per Channel
(1.2 A for L293D)
•Output Clamp Diodes for Inductive
Transient Suppression (L293D)

22. ADVANTAGES
• Ruggedness and flexibility.
•Save human life and government property.
•Quick emergency response .
DISADVANTAGES
•Range of transceiver.
•Placement of nodes.
•Variation of channel model as train moves.

23. DESIGNING OF PROJECT
• KEIL MICRO VISION SOFTWARE
• PROGRAM CODE CAN BE IMPLEMENTED IN THIS SOFTWARE
• CIRCUIT DESIGN
• CIRCUITS ARE DESIGNED IN PROTEUS SOFTWARE

24. PICTORIAL DISCRIPTION
ULTRASONIC SENSOR
FIRE SENSOR
MICRO CONTROLLER
LCD
MOTORS

25. MOTORS
POWER SUPPLY BOARD
TRAFFIC LIGHTS
IR SENSORS
RAILWAY GATES
BUZZER

26. CONCLUSION
• The system has been designed and
implemented after optimizing it on a
number of factors.
• By introducing the concept of sensor
technology in the field of railways we can
make our railways safest.
• The operation of these sensors is
much easier to loco pilot. The main aim of
this project is to create a belief in people
that the train journey is the safest journey
among all.

29. THANKS TO ECE DEPARTMENT