The focus of the Indian Railways is to increase capacity utilization of existing assets including rolling stock, track infrastructure, traction power and signalling & telecommunications. By running more high speed trains on the existing infrastructure, passengers and freight carrying capacity as well as revenue and profitability can be increased. In order to ensure safety over high speed and high density rail networks of Indian Railways it is the need of the hour to implement Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system such as Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Indian Railways have taken up indigenous development of Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) through Research Designs & Standards Organization (RDSO) to prevent dangerous train collisions caused due to human errors or limitations and equipment failures by providing additional layer of enhanced safety in the operations.

1. RAILWAY ACCIDENT
AVOIDING SYSTEM
Vaibhav Anil Wani
(Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune)

2. INTRODUCTION
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At present railways is one of the most widely used
transportation system in the world. Approximately 10,000
billion freight tonne-Kilometres are travelled around the world
every year and more than 5 billon passengers travelled per year
as per Railway statistic report. But till now railway
transportation system are not safe. Many countries railway
faces many collisions during travelling in every year as a result
happened lot of damages and casualties.
But if we add Anti Collision Technology (ACT) in railway then we
can prevent any types of collision. It is an innovative technology
which can be detect collision object from specific distance of
train and avoid collision dynamically and efficiently by using
ultrasound and embedded system. The common reason of the
train collisions are malfunctioning train signals or lights, failing
mechanics, safety gates not in place,crossings that are
unprotected, negligence of train conductor and lack of
awareness of the people.

3. COMPONENTS
Arduino UNO
microcontroller
Ultrasonic
sensor
Radar system
module
Display
Unit

4. 1. ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER
A Micro controller comprises of an incredible CPU
firmly combined with memory, different I/O
interfaces, for example, sequential port, parallel
port clock or counter, intrude on controller,
information procurement interfaces, Analog to
Digital converter, Digital to Analog converter,
coordinated on to a solitary silicon chip.

5. 2. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
An ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic
waves into the air and detects reflected
waves from an object. There are many
applications for ultrasonic sensors, such as
in intrusion alarm systems, automatic door
openers and backup sensors for
automobiles. Accompanied by the rapid
development of information processing
technology, new fields of application, such
as factory automation equipment and car
electronics, are increasing and should
continue to do so.

6. 3. RADAR SYSTEM MODULE
This Arduino Radar Project is implemented with
the help of Processing Application. Radar is a
long-range object detection system that uses
radio waves to establish certain parameters of an
object like its range, speed and position. Radar
technology is used in aircrafts, missiles, marine,
weather predictions and automobiles. Even
though the title says Arduino Radar Project,
technically the project is based on Sonar
technology as I will be using an Ultrasonic Sensor
to determine the presence of any object in a
particular range.

7. 4. DISPLAY UNIT
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel
display or other electronically modulated
optical device that uses the light-modulating
properties of liquid crystals combined
with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit
light directly, instead using
a backlight or reflector to produce images in
color or monochrome. LCDs are available to
display arbitrary images (as in a general-
purpose computer display) or fixed images
with low information content, which can be
displayed or hidden.

8. HOW DO IT WORKS?
• All the components of the system are connected
with the control unit. The power supply supplies the
power to the control unit. The ultrasonic sensors are
used to detect the obstacles in the train path.
Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to
sonar which evaluates distance of a target by
interpreting the echoes from ultrasonic sound
waves.
• The module can easily be interfaced to micro
controllers where the triggering and measurement
can be done using two pins. The sensor transmits
an ultrasonic wave and produces an output pulse
that corresponds to the time required for the burst
echo to return to the sensor.
• By measuring the echo pulse width, the distance to

9. ADVANTAGES
• Acts automatically to prevent collisions.
• System can withstand even in harsh
environments.
• Economical and cost effective.
• Elimination of human error as no inputs
are to be fed by the crew.

10. DISADVANTAGES
• Adequate braking distance at the speed
is not available when a dangerous
collision - like situation arises suddenly.
• Failure to brake power of the
locomotives.

11. CONCLUSION
• Indian railway is world’s second largest railway
with 7349 stations, 67956 kms of track, 23
million passenger trains and it carries
approximately 8.086 billion people annually.
Human safety is a major duty of Govt. of India.
• At level crossings too ACD network provides the
Train Approach warning to road users and
regulates the train speed automatically if loco
ACD receives Gate Open message from gate ACD
of a Non-interlocked Manned LC gate.

12. DID YOU KNOW?
 Trials were conducted at Tandur
station, west of Hyderabad in Andhra
Pradesh. Two TCAS-equipped
locomotives operated a series of test
runs, simulating scenarios including
head-on collisions, rear-end
collisions, and Spads. The trains ran
at converging speeds of 200km/h for
the head-on tests, and 60km/h for
Spad and collision demonstrations.

13. THANK YOU!