This document presents an automatic railway gate and collision avoidance system. The system uses IR sensors and a microcontroller to automatically open and close railway crossing gates based on the presence of approaching trains. It also detects oncoming trains from the opposite direction and stops train movement to prevent collisions. The system aims to reduce accidents at unmanned railway crossings by introducing automatic controls that eliminate human error.

1. AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATEAUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE
&&
COLLISION AVOIDANCECOLLISION AVOIDANCE
Presented by:Presented by:
 MOHIT TIWARIMOHIT TIWARI
 PANKAJPANKAJ
 JASBIR SINGHJASBIR SINGH
 RAJ ANANDRAJ ANAND

2. PROJECT SELECTIONPROJECT SELECTION
 Railways being the cheapest mode ofRailways being the cheapest mode of
transportation are preferred over all the othertransportation are preferred over all the other
means.means.
 Everyday we come across many railway accidentsEveryday we come across many railway accidents
occurring at unmanned railway crossings mainlyoccurring at unmanned railway crossings mainly
due to the carelessness in manual operations ordue to the carelessness in manual operations or
lack of workers.lack of workers.
 We, in this project has come up with a solutionWe, in this project has come up with a solution
for the same.for the same.

3. BASIC IDEABASIC IDEA
 Present project is designed using 89S52Present project is designed using 89S52
microcontroller.microcontroller.
 It has powerful IR transmitters and receivers.It has powerful IR transmitters and receivers.
 One pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at upOne pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up
side, the other pair is fixed at down side of the trainside, the other pair is fixed at down side of the train
direction & the third is for collision avoidance.direction & the third is for collision avoidance.
 Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculatingSensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating
the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least onethe time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one
compartment of standard size of the Indian railway.compartment of standard size of the Indian railway.

4.  When foreside receiver gets activated, the gateWhen foreside receiver gets activated, the gate
motor is turned on in one direction and the gatemotor is turned on in one direction and the gate
is closed and stays closed until the train crossesis closed and stays closed until the train crosses
the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aftthe gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft
side receiver gets activated motor turns inside receiver gets activated motor turns in
opposite direction and gate opens and motoropposite direction and gate opens and motor
stopstop

5.  A situation where two trains are traveling in oppositeA situation where two trains are traveling in opposite
directions on the same track is solved here.directions on the same track is solved here.
 To overcome this problem, one sensor is placed at theTo overcome this problem, one sensor is placed at the
either sides of the train.either sides of the train.
 If there’s a train approaching from the other side,If there’s a train approaching from the other side,
then another sensor placed along that direction getsthen another sensor placed along that direction gets
activated and will send an interrupt to the controller.activated and will send an interrupt to the controller.
 The interrupt service routine ceases the trainThe interrupt service routine ceases the train
movement.movement.

6.  Automatic call facility – when the IR sensor of one trainAutomatic call facility – when the IR sensor of one train
detects other train on the same track the relay is trippeddetects other train on the same track the relay is tripped
and the phone connected with it is dialed with the lastand the phone connected with it is dialed with the last
called number.called number.
 The controller of the railways gets a call from the trainThe controller of the railways gets a call from the train
and acts accordingly.and acts accordingly.

7. HARDWARE DESCRIPTIONHARDWARE DESCRIPTION
The project consists of five main parts:The project consists of five main parts:
 89S52 microcontroller89S52 microcontroller
 IR SensorIR Sensor
 Stepper MotorStepper Motor
 LCDLCD

8. BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM

9. CIRCUIT DIAGRAMCIRCUIT DIAGRAM

10. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMSCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
There are three part of diagram:There are three part of diagram:
 Main controller boardMain controller board
 Motor circuit boardMotor circuit board
 Display circuit boardDisplay circuit board

11. 1: MAIN CONTROLLER BOARD1: MAIN CONTROLLER BOARD

12. 2: MOTOR CIRCUIT BOARD2: MOTOR CIRCUIT BOARD

13. 3: DISPLAY CIRCUIT BOARD3: DISPLAY CIRCUIT BOARD

14. 89S52 MICROCONTROLLER89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
 32 bit bidirectional I/O lines.32 bit bidirectional I/O lines.
 Three 16 bit timer.Three 16 bit timer.
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 Eight Interrupt Sources
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory

15. IR SENSORIR SENSOR
 This circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and aThis circuit has two stages: a transmitter unit and a
receiver unitreceiver unit
 The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LEDThe transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED
 Transmitter sensor gives the infra red raysTransmitter sensor gives the infra red rays depending
upon the input frequency of the sensor
 If receiver receives signal from transmitter, theIf receiver receives signal from transmitter, the
resistance of the resistor will be low thus sensing theresistance of the resistor will be low thus sensing the
signal.signal.

16. STEPPER MOTORSTEPPER MOTOR
 Stepper motor is used for controlling theStepper motor is used for controlling the
gates.gates.
 They are used in accurate motion control byThey are used in accurate motion control by
counting number of steps applied to it.counting number of steps applied to it.
 Three types:Three types:
* Unipolar motor* Unipolar motor
* Bipolar motor* Bipolar motor
* Variable reluctance motor* Variable reluctance motor
 ULN2003 is used to increase driving capacity.ULN2003 is used to increase driving capacity.

17. LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY
 LCD display are widely used in robotics,LCD display are widely used in robotics,
mobile phones, DVD players.mobile phones, DVD players.
 Are of two types:Are of two types:
* Text display* Text display
* Graphics display* Graphics display
 Here we have used 16*2 LCD having 14 pins.Here we have used 16*2 LCD having 14 pins.

18. BENEFITSBENEFITS
 Avoids railway accidents at remote areas.Avoids railway accidents at remote areas.
 Reduces man-power.Reduces man-power.
 Elimination of human error.Elimination of human error.
 Time delay due to manual work.Time delay due to manual work.

19. FUTURE SCOPEFUTURE SCOPE
 Automatic Barrier Gate Parking ControlAutomatic Barrier Gate Parking Control
 Automatic Traffic BarrierAutomatic Traffic Barrier
 Barrier Gate Boom GateBarrier Gate Boom Gate

20. THANK YOUTHANK YOU