This document describes a proposed multi-sensor railway track geometry surveying system. The system uses MEMS, ultrasonic, and GPS sensors on a robot to detect cracks and obstacles on railway tracks and bridges in real-time. When issues are detected, the GPS location is recorded and an SMS is sent to authorities via GSM. Trains approaching will also receive a wireless message to slow down. A microcontroller controls gate closures to prevent accidents. The low-cost system aims to improve safety by allowing for faster response times over existing manual inspection methods.

1. SUBMITTED BY GUIDED BY
M.KALAIMATHI (43309106011) Ms R.RADHA RAJESWARI
P.ILAKYA (43309106010) AP/ECE DEPARTMENT
E.SATHIAVATHY (43309106023)
A.R.ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
Villupuram.

2. ABSTRACT
 The main objective of this project is to provide the multi
sensor railway track geometry surveying system.
 Railway Bridge damage status is monitored by the sensor
and transfer through wireless modules.
 For easy surveying and with less delay the information can
be send to the authority.
 To avoid accident and to safeguard the people.
 ARM7 ,GSM,GPS and MEMS are used for geodetic
measurement.

3. Existing system
 Surveying manually.
 Infrared sensor are not suitable for external disturbance.
 LDR sensors cannot used on the slab of the tracks.
 It can be operated in tunnels with interruption.
Disadvantages:
 Delay in transmitting the information.
 Cost is high.
 Less accuracy.

4. Proposed system
 The project is cheap and it is suitable to the Indian scenario.
 The system can be operated at tunnels also, without interrupts.
 Ultrasonic sensors are used for monitoring the obstacles in tracks.
 MEMS sensor is used for detect the cracks and breakage of tracks.
 Transmitting the information to the current train which comes on the
track.
Advantages:
 Very accurate detection.
 Cost effective than the
existing system.

5. Block Diagram of Railway Track
Surveying System
In this process we using three section for surveying.
They are
 ROBOT SECTION
 TRAIN SECTION
 GATE SECTION

6. Robot section:
GPS
MEMS Sensor
Ultrasonic
sensor
GSM

7. Train Section:
Power Supply
ATMEL
Microcontroller

8. Gate Section
Microcontroller Driver Unit
Gate Control
Alert Unit

9. Block Diagram Description
 Bridge damage status is monitored by the
sensor and wireless modules.
 In track, any shake/tilt in parallel bridge
position sensed by MEMS.
 If any obstacles, crack on the track
detected by ultrasonic sensor.
 The GPS find the location of damage in
track.
 RF Module used to transmit and receive
signals from one section to another.

10. Cont.….
 RF receive signal from train section interface with µc.
 GSM used to send SMS to authority person.
 A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under
the control of another electrical circuit.
 LCD is used to display the which damage status occur on
the track.
 Transmit the signal to the gate level section and to control
the level crossings by DC motor interface with µc .

11. PIN Diagram

12. PIN Diagram Description
 Measurement range of 0 V to 3.3 V.
 It has 64 pins and 45 I/O pins.
 Two ports ,p0-30 and p1-15 pins for input/output.
 Port 0 Port pin Functions
p0.0 & p0.8 TXD( UART)
p0.1 & p0.9 RXR (UART)
 Low power consumption.

13. CONT…….
A
T
8
9
S
5
1

14. CONT…
 Special functions only in port-3.
 10-17 are Port 3 pins.
 Port 3 Port Pin Alternate Functions
P3.0 RXD (serial input port)
P3.1 TXD (serial output port)
P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt 0)
P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt 1)
P3.4 T0 (timer 0 external input)
P3.5 T1 (timer 1 external input)
P3.6 WR (external data memory write
strobe)
P3.7 RD (external data memory read
strobe)

15. Hardware and Software
Requirements
Hardware Required
 Power supply
 ARM processor
 GPS and GSM module
 MEMS and Ultrasonic Sensor
 Encoder/Decoder
 RF module
 LCD Display
Software Required
 KEIL C
 Flash Magic
 ORCAD

16. Literature Survey
“GNSS based Railway User Navigation(2009)”
 GPS to enable autonomous and reliable determination of train
position, velocity under practically all environmental conditions.
 Another ethnological approach for the train location function: the use
of GNSS signals integrated with inertial sensors.„
“LED-LDR Based Railway Crack Detection
Scheme(2010)”
 Ultrasonic Inspections to be the best solution to crack detection.
 However, LED-LDR cannot check for surface and near-surface
cracking where many of the faults are located.

17. Module Description
RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGE STATUS :
 In track, any shake/tilt in parallel bridge position sensed by
MEMS.
 If any obstacles, crack on the track detected by ultrasonic
sensor.
 Operated in both slab and ballast.
DAMAGED LOCATION CAN BE RECORD AND SENDING SMS PROCESS:
 A GPS receiver calculates its position by timing the signals
sent by GPS satellite
 Continually transmits messages of latitude and longitude
position.
 Satellite position at time of message transmission via GSM.
 The modem will respond with the message from sensors and
GPS, indicating that the message to train station.

18. Cont….
TRAIN RECEIVING INFORMATION:
 ATMEL microcontroller and write the code to initialize the
UART and use it to send and receive data.
 Display the message from RF receiver.
 A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the
control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the
switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one
or many sets of contacts.
 Alarm unit ON, For alert the stations.
GATE SECTION CONTROLLED:
 Train transmit the signal to the gate level section.
 The microcontroller interface with the DC motor to control the
gate level crossing.
 Alarm unit ON, For alert the rover.

19. Results
 ROBOT SECTION KIT TRAIN SECTION KIT
GATE SECTION KIT

20. ADVANTAGES:
 Its cost very low compared to existing system.
 Very accurate detection.
 It also checks surface and near surface of the cracking position.
 Transmitting signals are immediately transfer.
 Gate level controller.
 Accidents reduced.
 Wireless applications.
 Railway track damage detection applications.
 Industrial and access control.
 Other remote control system.
 Navigation systems.
APPLICATIONS:

21. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
 In this project, we are using MEMS and Ultrasonic
sensors for detecting the cracks and obstacles in track.
 In future, we will also using the cctv systems with IP
based camera for monitoring the visual videos captured
from the track.
 It will also increase the security for the both rails and
passengers from terrorism, crime.

22. Conclusion:
 This project is a cost effective.
 Monitoring and maintenance by human is very difficult and
takes more time.
 Initially IR sensor used but, it is less efficiency after that uv-
sensors are used for slab on the track only not for the crack
detection.
 To avoid delays, our proposed system will immediately
notifies and informs the current train comes on the track
through wireless medium.

23. REFERENCES
 [1] Burakapikinar and Engingulla “Multisensor Railway Track
Geometry Surveying System” instrumentation and control in jan 2012.
 [2] J. Trehag, P. Handel, and M. Ögren, “On-board estimation and
classification of a railroad curvature,” IEEE Trans. Instr. Meas., vol.
59, no. 3,pp. 653-660, Mar. 2010.
 [3] B. Akpinar, “A new measurement system design for determining the
geometrical changes on railways,” Ph.D. dissertation, Yildiz Technical
Univ., Istanbul, Turkey, 2009.
 [4]Wang Xin-yu,Chen Zhang Ying-gui ,Tango Bo “The research on the
mechanism of limiting speed pick-up and set-out train on railway
transportation capacity loss”(2009)-Intelligent computation technology
and automation.
 [5]sania Bhatti,Jie Xu “Surveying of target tracking protocols using
wireless sensor network”(2009)- wireless and mobile communication.
 [6] B. Li, C. Rizos, H. K. Lee, and K. H. Lee, “A GPS-slaved time syn-
chronization system for hybrid navigation,” GPS Solutions, vol. 10, no.
3,pp. 207-217, Jul. 2006.

24. Cont.…
 [7] R. Glaus, G. Peels, U. Muller, and A. Geiger, “Precise rail
track survey-ing,” GPS World, pp. 12-18 2004, May 1.
 [8] I. Milev and L. Gruendig, “Rail track data base of
German rail—The future automated maintenance,” in Proc.
INGEO FIG Regional Central Eastern Eur. Conf. Eng.
Surv., Bratislava, Slovakia, Nov. 11-13, 2004,pp. 1-8.
 [9]Scoot R.Messenger, Edward A. Burke “The simulation of
damage tracks in silicon”IEEE transations on nuclear
science,vol 51, no.5,october 2004
 [10]Joery S.Dittrich ,Eric N.Johnson “multi-sensor navigation
system for an autonomous helicopter” IEEE 2002.
 [11]D.Bouvet,G.Garcia”Inproving the accuracy of dynamic
localization systems using RTK GPS by identifying the GPS
latency.

25. THANK YOU

26. QUERIES