This document summarizes a seminar presentation on automatic rail gate control. It includes a plan of talk covering introduction, block diagram, working principle, explanation of components like the AT89C2051 and 74LS245 microcontrollers and a stepper motor, algorithm, and conclusion. The system uses sensors to detect approaching trains and control gates and warning signals to safely direct road traffic until the train passes through. It aims to reduce accidents by automating operations previously done manually.

1. PROGRESS SEMINAR ON
AUTOMATIC RAIL GATE CONTROL
PRESENTED BY:
SAJAL DAS (94026)
MITUL THAKURIA (94027)
ABHIJIT BARUAH (104132) Guided by
A.VILASH REDDY (94050) M. BABITA DEVI:

2. PLAN OF TALK:
 INTRODUCTION
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 EXPLANATION OF
IC AT89C2051
• IC 74LS245
• STEPPER MOTOR
• RELAY
• INFRARED
 ALGORITHM
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION:
 An automatic railway gate control at unmanned level
crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers
and also the semi automatically operated gates. It deals
with two things.
 Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the
gate is being kept closed.
 And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by
reducing the accidents that usually occur due to
carelessness of road users and at times errors made by
the gatekeepers.

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

5. AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER:
 The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, high-
performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer
with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and
erasable read only memory (PEROM).
 The Device is manufactured using high-
density non-volatile memory technology
and is compatible with the industry-
standard MCS-51 instruction set.
 By combining a Versatile 8-bit CPU with
Flash on a monolithic chip, the AT89C2051
is a powerful Microcomputer which
provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many Embedded control
applications.

6. FEATURES:
 Compatible with MCS-51™ Products
 2K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory
 Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 2.7V to 6V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
 Two-level Program Memory Lock
 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 15 Programmable I/O Lines
 Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
 Six Interrupt Sources
 Programmable Serial UART Channel
 Direct LED Drive Outputs
 On-chip Analog Comparator
 Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
PIN diagram of AT89C2051

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

8. 74LS245
The SN54/74LS245 is an Octal Bus
Transmitter/Receiver designed for8-line asynchronous
2-way data communication between data buses.
Direction Input (DR) controls transmission of Data
from bus A to bus B or bus B to bus a depending upon
its logic level. The Enable input (E) can be used to
isolate the buses.
Hysteresis Inputs to Improve Noise Immunity
2-Way Asynchronous Data Bus Communication
Input Diodes Limit High-Speed Termination
Effects
ESD > 3500 Volts

9. LOGIC DIAGRAM AND TRUTH TABLE:

10. RELAYS:
•A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism, but other
operating principles are also used.
•Relays find applications where it is
necessary to control a circuit by a low-power
signal, or where several circuits must be
controlled by one signal.

11. WORKING:

12. USES OF RELAYS:
•Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of
modems or audio amplifiers,
•Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter
solenoid of an automobile,
•Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and
closing circuit breakers (protection relays),

13. IR TRANSMITTER:

15. IR RECEIVER:

16. STEPPER MOTOR:
• A stepper motor (or step motor) is a
brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide
a full rotation into a large number of steps.
• The motor's position can be controlled precisely
without any feedback mechanism, as long as the
motor is carefully sized to the application.
.

17. CHARACTERISTICS:
•Stepper motors are constant power devices.
•As motor speed increases, torque decreases.
•Steppers exhibit more vibration than other motor types, as the
discrete step tends to snap the rotor from one position to another.
•This vibration can become very bad at some speeds and can cause
the motor to lose torque (or lose direction).

18. ALGORITHM:
STEP 1: Start.
STEP 2: Set the variables.
STEP 3: Make initial settings of the signals for the train and road
users.
STEP 4: Check for the arrival of the train in either direction by the
sensors. If the train is sensed go to STEP 5. Otherwise repeat
STEP 4.
STEP 5: Make the warning signal for the road users and set the
signal for the train.
STEP 6: Check for the presence of the obstacle using sensors. If
there is no obstacle go to STEP 7. Otherwise repeat STEP 6.
STEP 7: Close the gate and stop the buzzer warning.
STEP 8: Change the signal for the train.
STEP 9: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train
sensed go
to next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 9.
STEP 10: Open the gate. STEP 11: Go to STEP 3.
STEP 12: Stop.

19. FLOWCHART

20. CONCLUSION:
The project is an approach to provide the security to our
INDIAN RAILWAY transportation. This electronics project
is developed for the reduction of human effort. This
electronic project is an approach to the modern
transportation system.

21. REFERENCE:
•http://www.seminarprojects.com/search.php
•WWW.SKITRONICS.COM
•WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
•WWW.GOOGLE.COM