This document describes an automatic railway gate control system using laser sensors and a microcontroller. The system aims to automate unmanned railway gates to close when a train approaches and open after it passes in order to prevent accidents. It uses an 8051 microcontroller, laser sensors to detect trains, IR sensors for entry/exit detection, an LCD for output display, a relay to control the gate motor, and an op-amp for signal processing. The system overcomes errors of manual operation by precisely detecting trains and controlling the gate automatically.

2. AIM
The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through
solar panel . For this a Digital based automatic sun tracking system is
proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to
get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the
efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks the sun from east to
west automatically for maximum intensity of light.
The main aim of this project is to
automize the unmanned railway gate .(i.e. the
gate is closed automatically whenever the
train comes and is opened after the train
leaves the railway-road crossing)

3. Problem outline
Early gate controlling requires man power &
may prone to errors while working like delay
for opening and closing the gate, unexpected
door opening while train coming etc. These all
are moves the situation into danger
sometimes.

4. Proposed system
The aim of our project is to utilize the maximum solar energy through
solar panel . For this a Digital based automatic sun tracking system is
proposed. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to
get the maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the
efficiency of the system. The solar panel tracks the sun from east to
west automatically for maximum intensity of light.
To overcome manual errors and
effective controlling an Automatic railway
gate control using laser can be introduced
at every railway station routes.

5. HARDWARE TOOLS REQUIRED
1. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER(AT89S52)
2. LASER sensors
3. IR SENSORS
4. LCD
5. POWER SUPPLY UNIT
6. RELAY
7. OPAMP(LM358)

6. SOFTWARE TOOLS REQUIRED
 KEIL
 Orcad
 PROLOAD

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM
8051
Power supply
Entry IR
sensor
LCD
DC motor
Reset circuit
RELAY
Exit laser
sensor
Crystal
oscillator
OPAMP
Buzzer

8. Power supply unit
STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER
 BRIDGE
RECTIFIER
CAPACITOR
FILTER
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
OUTPUT
+5V
INPUT
230V AC

9. 5. MICROCONTROLLER (8051)

10. Features of AT89S52
8K Bytes of Re-programmable Flash Memory.
RAM is 256 bytes.
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz’s
Three-level Program Memory Lock.
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM.
32 Programmable I/O Lines.
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters.

11. OPAMP(OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER)

12. OPAMP functioning
From the above figure you can see that operational
amplifier has two inputs and one output in one independent LM358.
Inputs are at pin 2 (negative pin) and 3 (positive pin), positive pin is
used for positive feedback and negative pin is used for negative
feedback. In ideal condition when no feedback is applied, gain of
the operational amplifier should be infinite.
When voltage at pin 2 is more than voltage at pin 3 it will
raise the output towards the positive maximum voltage and a slight
increase at negative pin compared to positive pin will lower the
output towards the negative maximum. This feature of operational
amplifier makes it suitable for the purpose of level detection. If it
gets positive feedback then train will be detected and output is high

13. LASER
Based on the interruption of Laser beam. A
low cost Laser pointer is used as the source of
light beam. When something breaks the laser
path. The sensor detect the train is moving
towards laser transmitter then the gate will be
closed after leaving the laser receiver sensor the
gate will be opened.

14. RELAY
A relay is an electrically controllable switch
widely used in industrial controls, automobiles
and appliances.
The relay allows the isolation of two separate
sections of a system with two different voltage
sources i.e., a small amount of voltage/current
on one side can handle a large amount of
voltage/current on the other side but there is no
chance that these two voltages mix up.

15. LCD
LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs . because of
the following reasons:
The declining prices of LCDs.
The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in
contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and a few
characters.
LCD can display messages in two lines with 16 characters each. It
displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, punctuation marks,
mathematical symbols etc. In addition, it is possible to display
symbols that user makes up on its own.

16. Indian Institute of Technology
Hyderabad
WHAT WE DONE UP TO KNOW
SECONDLY WE INTERFACED LCD TO THE CONTROLLER (ARM7) TO
DISPLAY THE DATA I.E SENSORS DATA ETC. HERE WE ARE USING 16
PIN LCD
CONTROLLER LCD
C
O
N
T
R
L
L
E
R

17. Circuit Diagram

18. Working with KEIL software

19. ADVANTAGS
1. Avoid man power
2. Reduce operation costs
3. Easy to use
4. Performance is high
5. Portable
6. Accuracy is high
7. Automatic operation

20. APPLICATIONS
1. RAILWAYS
2. INDUSTRIES
3. SCHOOL,COLLEGE JUNCTIONS

21. CONCLUSION