Dokumen ini membahas tentang pemeriksaan infeksi Hepatitis C menggunakan metode chemiluminescence. Metode ini mendeteksi kehadiran antibodi anti-HCV di dalam serum pasien dengan menggunakan reaksi antigene-antibodi yang dilabel dengan acridinium ester untuk menghasilkan cahaya. Pemeriksaan dilakukan menggunakan alat ADVIA Centaur XP dengan prinsip indirect sandwich chemiluminescence.
9. PrinsipPemeriksaan Indirect two wash sandwich immunoassay Sampel + reagen yang mengandung Ag HCV rekombinandansintetis. Kompleks Ag-Abterbentukbilaterdapat anti-HCV padasampelpenderita Anti-human IgG yang dilabeldenganacridinium esterdigunakanuntukmendeteksiadanyaIgG anti-HCV padasampel. 9
10. Indirect sandwich chemiluminescence Detektor Label acridinium ester Anti-human IgG IgG anti-HCV (serum px) Ag HCV dengan biotin Mikropartikelparamagnetikberlapisstreptavidin 10
18. INTERPRETASI HASIL < 0.8 Index ValuenonreaktifIgG anti-HCV 0.8 - 1.00 Index Valueekuivokal ≥ 1.00 Index Valuereaktif MenurutCDC: Hasilekuivokal& reaktifdenganindex valuerendah (≤11 untuk ADVIA Centaur) teskonfirmasidengan RIBA atau NAT 18
20. Quality Control 2 macam vial kontrolnegatifdankontrolpositif. Larutankontrolberisi plasma manusia yang telahdiketahuipositifataunegatif anti-HCV ditambahpengawet. Disimpanpada 2-8oC; tahans/dtanggalkadaluarsa. 20
21. Kalibrasi Terdiridari 2 macam vial: HCV High CalibratordanHCV Low Calibrator. Kalibrasiperludilakukanpadasaat: Penggantianreagen dg nomer lot berbeda Penggantiankomponensistem Hasilquality control yang diulangkeluardarirange 21
23. Keterbatasan TerbatasuntukdeteksiIgG anti-HCV pada serum/plasma manusia Hasiltesnegatiftidakmengeklusikemungkinanpaparanatauinfeksi HCV Tidakuntukdarahumbilikus, spesimenneonatus, kadaver, ataucairantubuhselain serum dan plasma (saliva, urine, cairan amnion, cairan pleura) 23
24. Cross Reactivity Hepatitis B Penyakit liver non-virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV1/2) Hepatitis alkoholik Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Orang yang pernahmendapatvaksin flu 24
30. Prevalensi Hepatitis C (WHO, 2000) Prevalensi Hepatitis C diseluruhduniasekitar 3% atau 170 juta Angkakejadianinfeksi Hepatitis C di Indonesia ± 2,4% dariseluruhpenduduk (±7 juta) Genotipeterbanyakdi Indonesia genotipe 1 (60-65%) sulitditerapidandisembuhkan 30
31. Statistics &Trends (CDC, 2005) Number of new infections per year has declined from an average of 240,000 in the 1980s to about 26,000 in 2004. Most infections are due to illegal injection drug use. Transfusion-associated cases occurred prior to blood donor screening; now occurs in less than one per 2 million transfused units of blood. Estimated 4.1 million (1.6%) Americans have been infected with HCV, of whom 3.2 million are chronically infected. The risk for perinatal HCV transmission is 4%, if coinfected with HIV the risk for perinatal infection is about 19% 31
42. S/co ratio (Index Value) Signal-to-cut-off ratios are calculated by dividing the optical density (OD) value of the sample being tested by the OD value of the assay cut-off for that run. Analysis of enzyme immunoassay and chemiluminescence assay data indicates that s/co ratios can be used to predict supplemental test-positive results. A specific s/co ratio can be identified for each test that would predict a true antibody-positive result (as defined by the results of supplemental testing) ≥95% of the time, regardless of the anti-HCV prevalence or characteristics of the population being tested. 42
55. Hal2 yang dapatmempengaruhiLuminescence Immunoassay Variasi pH/suhumengurangikuantitasluminescenceygdihasilkan Kuvet/tabungygkurangbersih Aquadestilata yang kurangmurni 55
Editor's Notes
10-12 tetesBarcodekalibrator p29
IgM response does not generally precede the IgG response, and thus detection of IgM is unlikely to narrow the window of seronegative infectivity that exists between the time of exposure and the first appearance of antibody.