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Tutor  Divisi Imunologi PEMERIKSAAN  VIRAL LOAD TEKNOLOGI NASBA Febtarini. R,dr/ Endang Retnowati,dr,MS,Sp.PK (K) Rabu, 8- September- 2010
PENDAHULUAN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1
Indikasi Pemeriksaan  Viral load  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],2
Metode pemeriksaan asam nukleat virus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3
NASBA ( Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],4
5
Plasma Serum HIV-1 HTLV-1 HCV HBV HHV-6 Whole blood HIV-1 CMV Factor V Leiden Lymph nodes/skin biopsies HIV-1 Sputum/Saliva  HRV Influenza Virus  Measles virus Cervical swabs HIV-1 HPV Urine Measles   virus Faeces HIV-1 CMV astrovirus Cells HIV-1  HTLV-1 CMV CSF HIV-1 JCV LCMV mumps virus Semen HIV-1 6
Menggunakan 3 enzim : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7
Contoh: Pemeriksaan  viral load  HIV dengan sampel tetesan darah kering 1. persiapan sampel dan reagen 1 ml darah vena + EDTA Pipet & teteskan masing-masing 50 µl darah (ke lingkaran di  kertas  proteinsaver  903  Whatman ), beri identitas Px. Biarkan kering (3 s/d 24 jam, suhu kamar)   Dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik  Zip Lock  yg telah diberi silika gel  ke dalam kantong  Biohazard  amplop dan kirim ke Laboratorium 8
Kertas dikeluarkan Menyiapkan larutan  premix  : CAL + 550 µl CAL  diluent  + 550 µl larutan silika ( vortex ) 2. EKSTRAKSI 9
Magnetic  separatio n Complex  biological  sample Pure  nucleic acid 2. EKSTRAKSI 10 Proteins  and Lipids Wash buffer 3. Purification of nucleic acid,  removal of inhibitors Elution buffer 4. Recover nucleic acid in small volume  Silica Low [GuSCN] pH > 8.0 Silica 2. Binding of nucleic acid High [GuSCN] neutral pH Sample + Lysis buffer Nucleic acid 1. Release of nucleic acid Stabilization  High [GuSCN] neutral pH Function: Chemistry:
2. Lanjutan fase ekstraksi Larutan  premix  + larutan  lysis buffer  & sampel vorteks Inkubasi suhu kamar,10 menit Sentrifus 1500g, 15 detik ,[object Object],[object Object],+  washing buffer  1 Diaduk dg pipet  100 µl 400 µl 2 µl 100 µl 11
[object Object],Cuci selama 30 detik (menu STEP 1,  magnet on ) Buang supernatan, tambahkan 400 µl  washing buffer  1 (mengulangi pencucian) Buang supernatan, tambahkan 500 µl  washing buffer  2 (ulangi 2X) Buang supernatan, tambahkan 500 µl  washing buffer  3, cuci selama 15 detik Buang supernatan =  eluate 12
[object Object],Inkubasi selama 5 menit, suhu 60 0  C  Tempatkan tabung di rak magnetik Buka tabung, dan ambil 15 µl  extracted sample (eluate & elution buffer)  ke  eight tube strip  di dalam area amplifikasi  ,beri identitas (atau jika tidak langsung dikerjakan,  eluate  bisa disimpan pada suhu 4 0 C) 13
[object Object],Menyiapkan enzim = kemasan enzim ( lyophilized enzymes ) + 45 µl  enzyme diluents  mencampurkannya dengan cara di  tapping  3 detik  inkubasi suhu kamar 15 menit  sentrifus 15 detik  inkubasi (di inkubator) selama 15 menit   ambil 5 µl larutan enzim tsb  letakkan pada tutup  eight tube Lyophilized primers  + 180µl  primerdiluents  vortex  ambil 20 µl Inkubasi (di inkubator), suhu 41 0 C selama 4 menit sentrifus 2 detik, 1500 rpm  tapping  3 detik  sentrifus 2 detik   ke  Analyzer (real time PCR and detection ) 14
15
16
17
3.  Real time PCR oligo P2 RT RT T7 RNAP anti-sense RNA RNase H oligo P1 oligo P1 RNase H  & oligo P2 sense RNA T7 RNA polymerase Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase Fase Linier Fase amplifikasi 18 ( 5 menit ) ( 90 menit )
Molecular beacon DNA  probe NASBA RNA  amplicon SIGNAL:  ++ “ open” NO SIGNAL “ closed” Deteksi 19 -Alat dinyalakan 2 menit (saat enzim  diletakkan pd tutup  eight tubes - Analizer  mendeteksi 10- 10 7  turunan HIV RNA / ml darah -menggunakan 1 suhu( isothermal ) 41 0 C -Alat tersambung dg komputer &  printer F Q G Q F
Amplifikasi  real time PCR  & deteksi oligo P2 RT RT T7 RNAP anti-sense RNA RNase H oligo P1 oligo P1 RNase H & oligo P2 sense RNA T7 RNA polymerase Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase Molecular beacon hybridization 20 F Q Q F Q F F Q
Deteksi ( Molecular beacon ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Normalized fluorescence Fluorescent signal (real-time) NASBA  reaction Time (minutes) 21 F Q Q F Q F F Q
Fluorescence Analyzer, Optics (Schematic layout) 22
23 Desktop computer Strip centrifuge Incubator Analyzer
Interpretasi hasil Pasien 1 = 840.000 kopi/ml darah  Pasien 5 = 110.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 2 = 870.000 kopi/ml darah  Pasien 6 = 620.000 kopi/ml darah  Pasien 3 = 780.000 kopi/ml darah  Pasien 7 = 290.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 4 = TND  Pasien 8 = 3300 kopi/ml darah 24
MOHON MAAF LAHIR - BATIN
 
 
 
 
Benefits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lysis buffer = Chaotropic agent  Gu SCN/  guanidine thiocyanate Perbedaan NASBA dan PCR : NASBA PCR Target utama RNA Target utama DNA Isothermal  ( 1 suhu ) 3 suhu RNA 3 enzim, DNA 4 enzim 2 Primer RNA 2 enzim, DNA 1 enzim 1 primer Continuous Cyclic ssRNA amplicons dsDNA amplicons Sampel sedikit, hemat waktu Real time PCR Lebih spesifik & sensitif Satu tabung tertutup Waktu lebih lama
RT-PCR rt-PCR bDNA NASBA *replikasi as. nukleat *deteksi  capture  amplikon,divisualisasi kan mell reaksi enzim/substrat (kolorimetrik) *enzim  reverse transcriptase *hasil: Kuantitatif:ELISA Kualitatif: Gel *Amplifikasi signal Probe  spesifik  fluoresence * deteksi amplikon pd setiap siklus amplifikasi *hasil: grafik kuantitas jumlah turunan asam nukleat virus Proteinase K   RNA keluar  probe sintetik oligonukleotida berlabel alkali fosfatase & substrat   bDNA kompleks & signal dideteksi dg teknik  chemiluminescense *deteksi 50-500.000 kopi/ml *amplifikasi signal  isothermal *amplifikasi transkripsi RNA satu tabung *kalibrator internal *selektif HIV1RNA (pd HIV) * one step sandwich hybridization * deteksi 10-10 7  kopi/ml
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Results for a few targets Mono-detection Amplification & Detection Obtain a high number of copies labelled for detection (real time) Hybridization Labelling Washing  on DNA Chip Results for high number of targets  Multi-detection Pre ekstraksi Ekstraksi Amplifikasi (real-time PCR) & Deteksi
Plasma Serum HIV-1 HTLV-1 HCV HBV HHV-6 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Whole blood HIV-1 CMV Factor V Leiden Lymph nodes/skin biopsies HIV-1 Mycobacterium lepra Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sputum/Saliva  HRV Influenza Virus  Measles virus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumoniae Cervical swaps HIV-1 HPV Chlamydia trachomatis Urine Measles   virus Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Faeces HIV-1 CMV astrovirus Microspordia  Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter coli Cells HIV-1  HTLV-1 CMV CSF HIV-1 JCV LCMV mumps virus Measles virus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Borrelia burgdorferi Leptospira interrogans Semen HIV-1
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EKSTRAKSI  NASBA
The EasyMag instrument ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EKSTRAKSI  NASBA
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nasba & sensitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nasba & Quantification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
PCR
 
 
Indikasi Pemeriksaan  viral load  pada HIV Indikasi klinik Informasi Penggunaan Sindroma HIV akut Menegakkan Dx (tes serologi antibodi HIV negatif atau meragukan) Diagnosis Evaluasi awal terhadap infeksi HIV yg baru ditemukan Data dasar  viral load Keputusan mulai atau menunda terapi Setiap 3-4 bulan pd ODHA yg tidak mendapat terapi Perubahan dlm  viral load Keputusan utk memulai terapi 2-8 minggu setelah memulai terapi ARV Penilaian awal terhadap kemanjuran obat Keputusan utk melanjutkan atau mengubah terapi 3-4 bulan  setelah permulaan terapi Efek maksimal terapi Keputusan utk melanjutkan atau mengubah terapi Setiap 3-4 bulan pd ODHA dg terapi Kesinambungan efek dari ARV Keputusan utk melanjutkan atau mengubah terapi Peristiwa klinik atau penurunan sel CD4 yg bermakna Hubungan dg  viral load  yg berubah atau menetap Keputusan utk melanjutkan,memulai atau mengubah terapi

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Tibaru14

  • 1. Tutor Divisi Imunologi PEMERIKSAAN VIRAL LOAD TEKNOLOGI NASBA Febtarini. R,dr/ Endang Retnowati,dr,MS,Sp.PK (K) Rabu, 8- September- 2010
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
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  • 6. 5
  • 7. Plasma Serum HIV-1 HTLV-1 HCV HBV HHV-6 Whole blood HIV-1 CMV Factor V Leiden Lymph nodes/skin biopsies HIV-1 Sputum/Saliva HRV Influenza Virus Measles virus Cervical swabs HIV-1 HPV Urine Measles virus Faeces HIV-1 CMV astrovirus Cells HIV-1 HTLV-1 CMV CSF HIV-1 JCV LCMV mumps virus Semen HIV-1 6
  • 8.
  • 9. Contoh: Pemeriksaan viral load HIV dengan sampel tetesan darah kering 1. persiapan sampel dan reagen 1 ml darah vena + EDTA Pipet & teteskan masing-masing 50 µl darah (ke lingkaran di kertas proteinsaver 903 Whatman ), beri identitas Px. Biarkan kering (3 s/d 24 jam, suhu kamar) Dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik Zip Lock yg telah diberi silika gel  ke dalam kantong Biohazard  amplop dan kirim ke Laboratorium 8
  • 10. Kertas dikeluarkan Menyiapkan larutan premix : CAL + 550 µl CAL diluent + 550 µl larutan silika ( vortex ) 2. EKSTRAKSI 9
  • 11. Magnetic separatio n Complex biological sample Pure nucleic acid 2. EKSTRAKSI 10 Proteins and Lipids Wash buffer 3. Purification of nucleic acid, removal of inhibitors Elution buffer 4. Recover nucleic acid in small volume Silica Low [GuSCN] pH > 8.0 Silica 2. Binding of nucleic acid High [GuSCN] neutral pH Sample + Lysis buffer Nucleic acid 1. Release of nucleic acid Stabilization High [GuSCN] neutral pH Function: Chemistry:
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
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  • 16. 15
  • 17. 16
  • 18. 17
  • 19. 3. Real time PCR oligo P2 RT RT T7 RNAP anti-sense RNA RNase H oligo P1 oligo P1 RNase H & oligo P2 sense RNA T7 RNA polymerase Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase Fase Linier Fase amplifikasi 18 ( 5 menit ) ( 90 menit )
  • 20. Molecular beacon DNA probe NASBA RNA amplicon SIGNAL: ++ “ open” NO SIGNAL “ closed” Deteksi 19 -Alat dinyalakan 2 menit (saat enzim diletakkan pd tutup eight tubes - Analizer mendeteksi 10- 10 7 turunan HIV RNA / ml darah -menggunakan 1 suhu( isothermal ) 41 0 C -Alat tersambung dg komputer & printer F Q G Q F
  • 21. Amplifikasi real time PCR & deteksi oligo P2 RT RT T7 RNAP anti-sense RNA RNase H oligo P1 oligo P1 RNase H & oligo P2 sense RNA T7 RNA polymerase Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase Molecular beacon hybridization 20 F Q Q F Q F F Q
  • 22. Deteksi ( Molecular beacon ) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Normalized fluorescence Fluorescent signal (real-time) NASBA reaction Time (minutes) 21 F Q Q F Q F F Q
  • 23. Fluorescence Analyzer, Optics (Schematic layout) 22
  • 24. 23 Desktop computer Strip centrifuge Incubator Analyzer
  • 25. Interpretasi hasil Pasien 1 = 840.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 5 = 110.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 2 = 870.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 6 = 620.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 3 = 780.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 7 = 290.000 kopi/ml darah Pasien 4 = TND Pasien 8 = 3300 kopi/ml darah 24
  • 26. MOHON MAAF LAHIR - BATIN
  • 27.  
  • 28.  
  • 29.  
  • 30.  
  • 31.
  • 32. Lysis buffer = Chaotropic agent Gu SCN/ guanidine thiocyanate Perbedaan NASBA dan PCR : NASBA PCR Target utama RNA Target utama DNA Isothermal ( 1 suhu ) 3 suhu RNA 3 enzim, DNA 4 enzim 2 Primer RNA 2 enzim, DNA 1 enzim 1 primer Continuous Cyclic ssRNA amplicons dsDNA amplicons Sampel sedikit, hemat waktu Real time PCR Lebih spesifik & sensitif Satu tabung tertutup Waktu lebih lama
  • 33. RT-PCR rt-PCR bDNA NASBA *replikasi as. nukleat *deteksi capture amplikon,divisualisasi kan mell reaksi enzim/substrat (kolorimetrik) *enzim reverse transcriptase *hasil: Kuantitatif:ELISA Kualitatif: Gel *Amplifikasi signal Probe spesifik fluoresence * deteksi amplikon pd setiap siklus amplifikasi *hasil: grafik kuantitas jumlah turunan asam nukleat virus Proteinase K  RNA keluar  probe sintetik oligonukleotida berlabel alkali fosfatase & substrat  bDNA kompleks & signal dideteksi dg teknik chemiluminescense *deteksi 50-500.000 kopi/ml *amplifikasi signal isothermal *amplifikasi transkripsi RNA satu tabung *kalibrator internal *selektif HIV1RNA (pd HIV) * one step sandwich hybridization * deteksi 10-10 7 kopi/ml
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36. Plasma Serum HIV-1 HTLV-1 HCV HBV HHV-6 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis Whole blood HIV-1 CMV Factor V Leiden Lymph nodes/skin biopsies HIV-1 Mycobacterium lepra Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sputum/Saliva HRV Influenza Virus Measles virus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Legionella pneumoniae Cervical swaps HIV-1 HPV Chlamydia trachomatis Urine Measles virus Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Faeces HIV-1 CMV astrovirus Microspordia Campylobacter jejuni Campylobacter coli Cells HIV-1 HTLV-1 CMV CSF HIV-1 JCV LCMV mumps virus Measles virus Mycobacterium tuberculosis Borrelia burgdorferi Leptospira interrogans Semen HIV-1
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.  
  • 43. PCR
  • 44.  
  • 45.  
  • 46. Indikasi Pemeriksaan viral load pada HIV Indikasi klinik Informasi Penggunaan Sindroma HIV akut Menegakkan Dx (tes serologi antibodi HIV negatif atau meragukan) Diagnosis Evaluasi awal terhadap infeksi HIV yg baru ditemukan Data dasar viral load Keputusan mulai atau menunda terapi Setiap 3-4 bulan pd ODHA yg tidak mendapat terapi Perubahan dlm viral load Keputusan utk memulai terapi 2-8 minggu setelah memulai terapi ARV Penilaian awal terhadap kemanjuran obat Keputusan utk melanjutkan atau mengubah terapi 3-4 bulan setelah permulaan terapi Efek maksimal terapi Keputusan utk melanjutkan atau mengubah terapi Setiap 3-4 bulan pd ODHA dg terapi Kesinambungan efek dari ARV Keputusan utk melanjutkan atau mengubah terapi Peristiwa klinik atau penurunan sel CD4 yg bermakna Hubungan dg viral load yg berubah atau menetap Keputusan utk melanjutkan,memulai atau mengubah terapi

Editor's Notes

  1. Een aantal toepassingen in de humane diagnostiek
  2. Een aantal toepassingen in de humane diagnostiek