Microbiology is the study of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses that are too small to see. Microbiologists use tools like microscopes and genetics to study microbes. The document highlights the contributions of three important scientists in the history of microbiology - Louis Pasteur, who is considered the father of microbiology and developed techniques like vaccination; Robert Koch, who discovered bacteria that cause diseases and developed techniques for growing pure cultures; and Joseph Lister, who introduced antiseptic techniques in surgery based on Pasteur's work.

2. INTRODUCTION
 Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms.
Microorganisms are those organisms that are too small to
see with the naked eye and include things like bacteria,
fungi, and viruses.
 Microbiologists study these organisms using tools, like
microscopes, genetics, and culturing. Microscopes allow
scientists to magnify microbial cells that are otherwise too
small to see.

3. HISTORY
 If we look the history of Microbiology three
main scientists has a great contrubition
1. louis pasteur (1822-1895) (father of
microbiology)
2. Robert koch (1842-1910) (father of
bacteriology)
3. Joseph lister (1827-1912)(father of antiseptic
surgery)

4. Contribution of louis pasteur in microbiology
 Development of method and techniques of
bacteriology.
 Discovered the process of Fermentation.
 Developed vaccines for Rabies, Cholera, Anthrax and
more.
 Understanding asepsis and sterile techniques in
hospitals And development of steam steriliser,
autoclave and hot-air oven.
 Vaccine for hydrophobia.

5. Robert koch contribution
 Discover the anthrax bacillus, tubercle bacillus and
cholera vibrios.
 Introduce staining technique
 Introduce method of obtaining bacteria in pure
culture using solid media.

6. Koch's four postulates
 The organism must always be present, in every case of
the disease.
 The organism must be isolated from a host containing
the disease and grown in pure culture.
 Samples of the organism taken from pure culture must
cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy,
susceptible animal in the laboratory.
 The organism must be isolated from the inoculated
animal and must be identified as the same original
organism first isolated from the originally diseased
host.

7. Contribution of Joshep lister
 He introduce antiseptic technique in surgery by
applying pasteur work.

8. Thank you