HEATING AND COOLING (TEMPERATURE AND THERMAL ENERGY) LESSON ONE
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Heat is the flow of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler ones. Different materials heat up and cool down at different rates because they have different specific heat capacities. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C. Materials with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more energy to heat up the same amount compared to materials with lower specific heat capacities.
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Heat Capacity Specific heat-capacity (1)
Heat is the flow of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler ones. Different materials heat up and cool down at different rates because they have different specific heat capacities. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1°C. Materials with higher specific heat capacities, like water, require more energy to heat up the same amount compared to materials with lower specific heat capacities.
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- Heat flows spontaneously from warmer to cooler objects due to differences in average particle kinetic energy. The energy that transfers between objects due to a temperature difference is called heat.
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This document discusses different ways to measure and compare matter, including length, volume, mass, and temperature. Length is measured using a ruler or meterstick in units like meters, centimeters, and millimeters. Volume is measured using a graduated cylinder in units like liters and milliliters. Mass is measured using a balance in units like grams and kilograms. Temperature can be measured on the Celsius or Fahrenheit scales using degrees.
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Heat exchangers
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2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
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This document appears to be a science lesson plan on the topic of temperature and conduction. Some key points covered include:
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- An activity is described where students measure the temperature change over time of water in styrofoam and wax paper cups, demonstrating conduction.
- Conversions between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures are practiced.
- Additional topics covered are molecular motion and temperature, different types of thermometers, and an optional "Red Light, Green Light" activity related to temperature.
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Innovation Management Frameworks: Your Guide to Creativity & Innovation
Innovation Management Frameworks: Your Guide to Creativity & InnovationOperational Excellence Consulting
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentationsThe Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
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