The document discusses heat, temperature, and the transfer of thermal energy. It defines heat as the flow of energy due to temperature differences and explains that temperature depends on the motion of particles in matter. All particles are constantly moving, with solids vibrating, liquids flowing, and gases moving freely. Temperature is measured in units like Celsius and Fahrenheit and represents the average kinetic energy of particles. Thermal energy can transfer between objects in three ways: conduction (direct contact), convection (movement of particles), and radiation (electromagnetic waves). The document provides examples of these processes and defines other related concepts like specific heat and thermal expansion.
“HEAT”
Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer bodies to colder bodies.
It is viewed as a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
The SI unit of heat is joule (J).
Common unit of heat is calorie.
CALORIE the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one gram of water from the pressure of the atmosphere.
TEMPERATURE
LAYMAN’S TERM
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Molecular level
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of these molecules.
Based from our sensory experiences:
“Can we use our senses to determine temperature?”
THERMOMETER
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
The most common type of the thermometer.
THERMOCOUPLE
-two different metals (usually copper and iron) that are twisted together
INFRARED THERMOGRAMS
-a device (camera) that measures the amount of radiant energy given off by an object
TEMPERATURE SCALES
TEMPERATURE SCALES
“HEAT”
Heat is a form of energy that flows from warmer bodies to colder bodies.
It is viewed as a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another due to a difference in temperature.
The SI unit of heat is joule (J).
Common unit of heat is calorie.
CALORIE the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of one gram of water from the pressure of the atmosphere.
TEMPERATURE
LAYMAN’S TERM
- It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
Molecular level
- A measure of the average kinetic energy of these molecules.
Based from our sensory experiences:
“Can we use our senses to determine temperature?”
THERMOMETER
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
The most common type of the thermometer.
THERMOCOUPLE
-two different metals (usually copper and iron) that are twisted together
INFRARED THERMOGRAMS
-a device (camera) that measures the amount of radiant energy given off by an object
TEMPERATURE SCALES
TEMPERATURE SCALES
Energy is the ability to do work.
Everything that happens in the world uses energy!
Most of the time we can’t see energy, but it is
everywhere around us!
Energy is the ability to do work.
Everything that happens in the world uses energy!
Most of the time we can’t see energy, but it is
everywhere around us!
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
3. Temperature Depends
on Particle Movement!
• All matter is made up of atoms
that are moving…even solid
objects have atoms that are
vibrating.
• The motion from the atoms
gives the object energy.
4. The Kinetic Theory of Matter
• All of the particles that make up matter
are constantly in motion
• Solid= vibrating atoms
• Liquid= flowing atoms
• Gas= move freely
• Plasma=
move incredibly
fast and freely
5. Temperature
•The Measure of
the average
kinetic energy of
all the particles
in the object
•The atoms mass
and speed
determine the
temperature of
the object
6. Temperature
• Temperature is
measured in units
called degrees
(o
C,F,K)
• Fahrenheit: Water
freezes 32o
F and
boils at 212o
F
• Celsius: Water
freezes at 0o
C and
boils at 100o
C
7. How does a
Thermometer Work?
• The thermometer can measure
temperature because the
substance of the liquid inside
always expands (increases) or
contracts (decreases) by a
certain amount due to a change
in temperature.
8. Thermal
Expansion
• All gases, liquids,
and most solids
expand when their
temperature
increases.
• This is why bridges
are built with short
segments with small
breaks to allow for
expansion
Joints such as
this one are
used in
bridges to
accommodate
thermal
expansion.
(Reproduced by
permission of
JLM Visuals)
9. Energy Flows from Warmer
to Cooler Objects
• Heat: the flow of energy from an
object at a higher temperature
to an object at a lower
temperature.
• Thermal Energy: total random
kinetic energy of particles in an
object.
10. Measuring Heat
• Heat is measured by the units of
calorie and joule (J).
• calorie: The amount of energy
needed to raise the temperature
of 1 gram of water by 1o
C
• 1 calorie= 4.18 J
11. Some substances change
temperature more easily
than others.
• Specific Heat:
the amount of
energy required
to raise the
temperature of 1
gram of a
substance by
1o
C
chesapeake.towson.edu
12. The Transfer of Energy
as Heat.
• Energy moves heat in three
ways
• Conduction
• Convection
• Radiation
13. Conduction
• The process that moves energy from one
object to another when they are touching
physically.
• Conductors: materials that transfer energy
easily.
• Insulators: materials that do not transfer
energy easily.
• Examples: hot cup of cocoa transfers heat
energy to cold hands
14. Convection
• The process
that transfers
energy by the
movement of
large numbers of
particles in the
same direction
within a liquid or
gas.
• Cycle in Nature
• Boiling water
and heating a
room
www.physics.arizona.edu
15. Convection
in Nature
1. Cooler denser air sinks
and flows under the
warmer air (less
dense) to push the
warmer air upward
1. As the warmer air
rises it cools and
becomes more dense
2. This cooling and
movement of warmer
air upward creates the
cycle of convection
npg2.com
16. Radiation
• The energy
that travels by
electromagnetic
waves (visible
light,
microwaves,
and infrared
light)
• Radiation from
the sun strikes
the atoms in
your body and
transfers
energy www.chemheritage.org