The document discusses key concepts relating to temperature and heat, including:
- Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. When matter is heated, its atoms and molecules move faster.
- Heat flows spontaneously from warmer to cooler objects due to differences in average particle kinetic energy. The energy that transfers between objects due to a temperature difference is called heat.
- Thermal equilibrium is reached when objects come to share a common temperature, with equal average kinetic energies per particle. A thermometer measures temperature by coming into thermal equilibrium with its surroundings.
18. HEAT
•Heat flows according to
temperature differences—
that is, average molecular
kinetic energy differences.
19. HEAT
•The direction of spontaneous energy
transfer is always from a warmer to a
cooler substance.
•The energy that transfers from one
object to another because of a
temperature difference between them
is called heat.
24. THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM
Water seeks a common level with
pressures at equal elevations the
same.The thermometer and its
surroundings reach a common
temperature with the average
kinetic energy per particle the
same.