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Greek art
Greek art developed over several periods beginning with the Minoan civilization on Crete between 2700-1500 BC and the Mycenaean civilization from 1600-1100 BC. During the Geometric period from 900-700 BC, art featured geometric motifs while the Orientalizing period from 700-600 BC saw influences from Near Eastern cultures. The Archaic period from 600-480 BC saw the rise of stone temples and more naturalistic sculpture. Classical Greek art from 480-323 BC created famous works under the Athenian empire and featured developments like contrapposto. Hellenistic art from 323-31 BC advanced realism and embraced new subjects after Alexander the Great's conquests spread Greek culture.
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Greek art
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- 2. • Early Civilization •Greek mainland • Aegean islands
- 3. • Minoan Civilization •Island of Crete • 2700 to 1500 BC • Mercantile people • Overseas trade • Tin, bronze • Mainland Greece, Cyprus, Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Spain Knossus palace ruins
- 4. Minoan clay bottleshowing an Octopus ( 1500 B.C. ) Snake goddess, island of Crete
- 5. A fresco foundat the Minoan site of Knossos, indicating a sport or ritual of "bull leaping"; the red-skinned figure is a man and the two light- skinned figures are women.
- 6. • Mycenaean Civilization •1600-1100 BC • Last phase of Bronze Age in Ancient Greece • From Mycenae, southern Greece • Warrior aristocracy • Conquest
- 7. • Palace dwellersand commoners (demos) • Agriculture • Industries (textile, metallurgy, pottery, perfume) Lion’s Gate, Mycenae
- 8. Funeral Mask Mask ofAgammemnon gold Gold earring Late Helladic 16th century BC
- 9. Vessels Chariot krater First half,13th century BC Stirrup jar with octopus Late Helladic 1200-1100 BC
- 10. Phases of GreekCulture Greek Culture developed during the.. • Geometric • Orientalizing • Archaic Periods • 900 to 480 BCE Polis or city-state
- 11. Phases of GreekCulture Classical Period • Early Classical • Middle Classical • Late Classical • 480-323 BC The Parthenon in Athens, Greece Golden Age of Athens, under Pericles Wars between city-states
- 12. Phases of GreekCulture Hellenistic Period • Last phase • 323 BC (death of Alexander the Great) to 30 BC (Battle of Actium) Laocon and his Sons Spread of Greek Culture across the Mediterranean
- 13. Ancient Greek Culture •Noted for its.. • Government • Art • Architecture • Philosophy • Sport • Admired and adopted by Alexander the Great and the Romans
- 14. • Democracy • Insularand loyal • Barbarians • Civic duties • Polytheistic • Worship through sacrifice, rituals, festival Reside in Mt. Olympus Assume human form and qualities Patrons of cities (Corinth = Aphrodite)
- 15. Geometric Period • Characterizedby geometric motifs in vase painting • Centered in Athens • 900 to 700 BC Pyxis (box with lid), mid-8th century B.C.; Geometric Greek, Attic Terracotta; H. 9 15/16 in. (10.49 cm)
- 16. Geometric Period • Features: •Several horizontal bands • In between: zigzag, triangle, meander, swastika • Funerary objects • Amphora, grave markers for the aristocrats Dypilon amphora, 760-750 BC Figures in mourning gestures
- 17. Orientalizing Period • 700to 600 BCE • Trade with foreign cultures: Asia Minor, Egypt, Ancient Near East • New artistic conventions • Combines Near Eastern and Egyptian motifs • Corinthian black figure jug with animal frieze, ca. 580 BCE.
- 18. Orientalizing Period Features: • Blackfigure painting • Inclusion of exotic and mythical animals • Lions, griffins, sphinxes • Human figures were rare • Corinth >> Athens>> Greece Pitcher featuring exotic animals
- 19. Orientalizing Period • Daedalicsculpture • From Daedalus, the creator of King Minos’ labyrinth • Rigidity = Pharaonic portraiture • Near Eastern texture (hair) Lady of Auxxere
- 20. Archaic Period • 600– 480 BC • Expansion of Greek culture • Rise in population • Colonies along the Mediterranean and Black Sea • Major powers: Athens, Corinth, Sparta, Thebes
- 21. Archaic Period • Firststone temples • Ideal temple design: naos, pronaos, peripteral colonnade • Doric order: oldest Greek type of architecture • Columns and frieze Temple of Hera II and Temple of Hera I, Paestum, Italy. ca. 460 and 550 BCE. The Greek colony at Poseidonia (now Paestum) in Italy, built two Archaic Doric temples that are still standing today.
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- 23. The Doric styleis rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands. The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.
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- 26. Archaic Period • Sculpturesbecame more naturalistic • Dedicatory male kouroi figures (based on Egyptian statues) • Female korai – draped which is the ideal, modest and clothed • Archaic smile • Pedimental sculpture
- 27. Archaic Period Archaic Smile Kouros, marble,600 BC Kouroi, plural Kore, wearing chiton, hamation Marble, Athens, 520-510 BC
- 28. Archaic Period • Reconstructionof the paint on peplos kore • Peplos: ancient Greek garment made of tubular piece of cloth • As memorials, votive offerings, or grave markers replacing amphora and kraters
- 29. Classical Greece • Began480 BCE • Sacking of Athens by the Persians • Athens became the most powerful polis • Height of Greek culture • Creation of Greece’s famous art and architecture
- 30. The Classical Period(480-323 BC) • The Severe Style is an Early Classical style of sculpting where the body is depicted naturalistically and the face remains blank and expressionless. • *This style notes the artist's understanding of the body's musculature, while maintaining a screen between art and reality with the stoic face.
- 31. • Contrapposto isa weight shift depicted in the body that rotates the waist, hips, chest, shoulders, and sometimes even the neck and head of the figure. It increases that naturalism in the body since it correctly mimics the inner workings of human musculature. Kritios Boy, marble, 480 BCE Acropolis, Athens, Greece
- 32. • Polykleitos, anartist and art theorist, developed a canon for the creation of the perfect male body based on mathematical proportions. His Doryphoros is believed to be a sculptural representation of his treatise. The figure stands in contrapposto, with Severe style face. • Young, well-built athlete with a spear, x-axis Doryphoros, by Polykleitos Roman marble copy of a Greek Original ca. 450 BCE.
- 33. Charioteer of Delphi,bronze Ca. 475 BCE, Sanctuary of Apollo, Delphi Riace Warriors. Bronze. Ca. 460-450 BCE. Riace, Italy.
- 34. Hellenistic Period • 323BC- 31 BC • from the word Hellazein, which means to speak Greek or identify with the Greek • Period in Greek history defined as the time after the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman domination • Period of transition and eventual degenaration • Advances in philosophy, literature, science and art • Libraries of Alexandria (Egypt) and Pergamon Bust of Alexander the Great, 356-323 BC
- 35. Legacy in Art •The Corinthian order was developed • Vegetal and lush capital • Architecture is more dramatic and theatrical • Stoas, colonnaded porticos, were introduced
- 36. Legacy in Art •Hyper-realism that elicits an emotional response • Drama and pathos (feeling or passion) • Added elasticity of form and expression • New compositions/states of mind: old age, sleep, drunkenness, despair, etc. • Less idealized/imperfections are shown Laocoön Agesander, Athenodoros, and Polydorus of Rhodes. Laocoön. Marble. Early first century BCE.
- 37. Legacy in Art Venusde Milo, Alexandrios of Antioch Marble, 130-100 BC, Melos, Greece A new level of feminine sexuality Drunken Old Woman, Roman marble copy after Greek original by Myron ca. 200-180 BCE. A new vision of Reality
- 38. Legacy in Art Nikeof Samothrace, marble, Circa 190 BC, Samothrace, Greece Seated boxer, bronze, circa 100-50 BCE Rome, Italy
- 39. Legacy in Art •Individual portraits became more common • Less idealization • Characteristic features (sagging skin, overbite, furrowed brow) Polyeuktos, Demosthenes’ Portrait bust, Roman copy after Greek bronze Original, 280 BCE
- 40. Key Terms • Minoanart • Mycenean art • Geometric period • Orientalizing period • Archaic period • Hellenistic art • Amphora • Doric order • Ionic order • Corinthian order • Parts of a Doric temple • Types of temple according to floor plan