The document summarizes Etruscan art from 10th century BCE to 270 BCE. It describes how Etruscans built elaborate tombs resembling houses to bury family members together. Etruscan architecture was influenced by Greek styles, using columns and pediments in wood and terra cotta temples. Their sculptures emphasized movement and expression over archaic Greek rigidity. Etruscans excelled in bronze and terra cotta works, like the Chimera of Arezzo and the Apollo from Veii statue. Etruscan tomb paintings featured lively celebrations of the deceased.
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
Most influential cultures in the world.
Rich collection of myth, music, drama, and art.
Greek art started 3000 years ago.
GOLDEN AGES
ARCHAIC PERIOD
= EGYPTIAN INFLUENCE ART
CLASSICAL PERIOD
= IDEALISTIC ART, FULL PERFECTION BOTH SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
THE HELLENIC ART
= TIME WHEN ARCHITECTURE
DECLINE
Five forms where Ancient Greek Arts Excelled
POTTERY
POTTERY
Primary for pottery.
Declaration became more figurative ( animals, human figures, and zoomorphs ).
Pottery was introduced by the corinthians.
ARCHITECTURE
DORIC COLUMN
Sturdy and plain.
Used in mainland Greece.
Temple of Hera
SCULPTURE
Influence by Egyptians and Syrians techniques.
Figures sculpted were mainly “Kouros and Kore”
PAINTING
Temples, buildings and tombs are decorated with fresco.
Fresco is a technique that we use of egg and wet plaster.
Tempera= mixture of egg, paint and water.
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
POTTERY
Established Athens as the strongest city – state.
Popularity of ceramic and vases declined both in quality and artistic merit.
Used white-ground technique.
ARCHITECTURE
Doric and Ionic Columns remained during classical period.
Doric is described as more formal.
Ionic is more decorative and relaxed.
SCULPTURE
Anatomy became more accurate.
Statues became more realistic (human).
Bronze became the main medium.
Contrapposto was introduced.
FAMOUS SCULPTORS
MYRONDiscus Thrower
Greatest sculptor of his time.
First to achieve life-like representation in figurative sculpture.
Gods, heroes and Athletes.
POLYKLEITOSDoryphorus
Sometimes called Elder.
Greatest sculptors of Classical Antiquity.
Known for his bronze sculptures.
CALLIMACHUSMuses
Poet, Critic and Scholar at the Library of Alexandria=largest library in ancient world.
Muses the nine goddesses of art.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
Secular patrons influence sculpture and mosaic.
Wide range of pottery was produced.
But not given much importance.
SCULPTURE
CHARACTERISTICS
Naturalism was continually used.
Animals and ordinary people were accepted as major subject.
Although production of sculptures was increased, workmanship and creativity greatly suffered.
Greater expression characterized the sculptures of this period.
Colossus of Rhodes
The Three Graces
Borghese Gladiator
Venus De Milo
ARCHITECTURE
Temple of immense size
Theaters of similarly colossal
Storied colonel (stoa)
Public monument
Monumental tomb (mausoleum)
Council building (bouleuterion)
Processional gateway (propylon)
Stadium
Public square
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
Most influential cultures in the world.
Rich collection of myth, music, drama, and art.
Greek art started 3000 years ago.
GOLDEN AGES
ARCHAIC PERIOD
= EGYPTIAN INFLUENCE ART
CLASSICAL PERIOD
= IDEALISTIC ART, FULL PERFECTION BOTH SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
THE HELLENIC ART
= TIME WHEN ARCHITECTURE
DECLINE
Five forms where Ancient Greek Arts Excelled
POTTERY
POTTERY
Primary for pottery.
Declaration became more figurative ( animals, human figures, and zoomorphs ).
Pottery was introduced by the corinthians.
ARCHITECTURE
DORIC COLUMN
Sturdy and plain.
Used in mainland Greece.
Temple of Hera
SCULPTURE
Influence by Egyptians and Syrians techniques.
Figures sculpted were mainly “Kouros and Kore”
PAINTING
Temples, buildings and tombs are decorated with fresco.
Fresco is a technique that we use of egg and wet plaster.
Tempera= mixture of egg, paint and water.
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
POTTERY
Established Athens as the strongest city – state.
Popularity of ceramic and vases declined both in quality and artistic merit.
Used white-ground technique.
ARCHITECTURE
Doric and Ionic Columns remained during classical period.
Doric is described as more formal.
Ionic is more decorative and relaxed.
SCULPTURE
Anatomy became more accurate.
Statues became more realistic (human).
Bronze became the main medium.
Contrapposto was introduced.
FAMOUS SCULPTORS
MYRONDiscus Thrower
Greatest sculptor of his time.
First to achieve life-like representation in figurative sculpture.
Gods, heroes and Athletes.
POLYKLEITOSDoryphorus
Sometimes called Elder.
Greatest sculptors of Classical Antiquity.
Known for his bronze sculptures.
CALLIMACHUSMuses
Poet, Critic and Scholar at the Library of Alexandria=largest library in ancient world.
Muses the nine goddesses of art.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
Secular patrons influence sculpture and mosaic.
Wide range of pottery was produced.
But not given much importance.
SCULPTURE
CHARACTERISTICS
Naturalism was continually used.
Animals and ordinary people were accepted as major subject.
Although production of sculptures was increased, workmanship and creativity greatly suffered.
Greater expression characterized the sculptures of this period.
Colossus of Rhodes
The Three Graces
Borghese Gladiator
Venus De Milo
ARCHITECTURE
Temple of immense size
Theaters of similarly colossal
Storied colonel (stoa)
Public monument
Monumental tomb (mausoleum)
Council building (bouleuterion)
Processional gateway (propylon)
Stadium
Public square
Presentation on ancient Greek Funeral Sculpture for Year 11 and 12 Ancient Civilisations class.
Examples of funeral sculpture from the archaic and classical periods.
Research tasks at the end.
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
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Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
3. ETRUSCAN KEY IDEAS:
•We learned about Etruscan civilizations by
studying their elaborate NECROPOLI filled
with tombs that resemble large rooms in a
home.
•Etruscan sculptures and temples are heavily
influenced by Archaic Greek works
•Etruscans were experts at sculpting with
bronze and terra-cotta clay
4. Who were the Etruscans?
•Etruscans lived in Italy before Romans arrived
•Existed in the bronze age- same as archaic period in
Greece
•Language and customs different than Romans (used
Greek alphabet)
•Never formed a unified nation- city states eventually
fell to the Romans in the 4th and 5th centureis BCE.
6. Characteristics of Etruscan Architecture:
•Their tombs were tightly packed in NECROPOLI throughout
Tuscany (in Italy)- named after the Etruscans
•Most tombs- round with door leading to large interior chamber
•Interior chamber is brightly painted to reflect interior of a house
•Tombs have symbols of Etruscan lifestyle on walls
•Entire families (w/ servants) are buried in one tomb
•Architect Vitruvius wrote about their temples a lot
•Inspired by Greeks- pediments, columns, cella
•Etruscan buildings made of wood and terra-cotta, not stone
•Single flight of stairs leading to main entrance (not steps
surrounding whole building)
•Sculptures put on rooftops to announce presence of deity
within.
8. Reconstruction of Etruscan Temple
•No ruins because they were built of wood, unlike non-religious architecture
•Design is similar to Greek temples- tall base (podium), deep porch, cella was
subdivided into 3 parts- religion based on a triad of gods
•No assigned space for sculptures
9. •Written descriptions
by Vitruvius help us
imagine it
•Temples made of
mud-brick and wood
•Steps in front bring
your attention to deep
porch
•Columns and capitals- Greek influence
•Columns are unfluted- TUSCAN ORDER
•Whole structure is raised on a PODIUM
•Three doors represent three gods
•We don’t know much about their religious
beliefs
Apollo from Veii
(figure stood on
top of a temple)
More about him
later!
14. Cerveteri , 7th to
6th century BCE
•Tombs = homes for the dead
•Didn’t preserve body (cremation instead)
•Cemetery of La Banditaccia at Cerveteri- laid out like a town with
“streets” running between grave mounds
•Covered with dirt and stones
21. • Walls plastered and painted, fully furnished
• Couches carved out of stone
• Other furnishings made of STUCCO (a slow-drying type of
plaster that can be molded and carved easily.
Family dog in
low relief
22. Tomb of the Seats and Shields, 7th – 6th centuries BCE
23. •Underground rock-cut
tombs reflect domestic
architecture
•Ceiling cut with pretend
rafters
•Large armchairs frame
doorway
•Windows, furniture,
objects- all cut out of
rock
•Stone objects are eternal
in the afterlife
•Large circular shields
hang from walls
24. Port Augusta, 3rd Century BCE
•Masters of architectural
engineering (according to
Romans)
•Very ordered urban planning-
streets were centered along 2
main thoroughfares to form
quarters
•Intersection of 2 main streets
= business center
•Port Augusta was a fortified
city gate and a façade- semi-
circular true arches-first use
of the integrated arch-
combining with architectural
orders which highly
influenced the Romans
Tunnel-like passageway between two huge
towers
Semi-circular barrel vault over passageway
25.
26. •Construction of wedge-shaped blocks called voussoirs, each pointing to
the center
•Round arch discovered by the Egyptians, but used mainly underground
and never in temples
•Used in Mesopotamia for city gates
•Greeks confined its use to underground structures and gateways
•Etruscans and Romans were the first to make widespread use of arches
and vaults
29. • Surviving Etruscan painting is funerary
• Done on walls and ceilings of tombs
• About 280 chambers still exist
• Brightly painted frescoes
• Cheerful celebrating, dancing, eating,
playing music
• Hard to draw parallels to Greek because
not much Greek painting from this time
period exists
32. • Banquet couples recline, eating in ancient manner
• Men darker than women
• Trees between figures, bushes grow beneath couches (rural setting?)
• Maybe a funeral banquet, but emotions are of celebration!
• Ceiling with
checkerboard
pattern
• Circles may
symbolize time
33. • Dancing figures play musical instruments
• Festive celebration of the dead
34.
35. Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, 520 BC
•Elaborate murals in the
burial chambers,
perhaps to keep the
spirit happy
•Rhythmic quality
similar to Minoan, but
not weightless
•Could be influenced by
Egyptian tomb
paintings, but its more
lifelike
42. Characteristics of Etruscan SCULPTURE:
• Terra-cotta, stucco, and bronze (sometimes stone)
• Terra-cotta was modeled rather than carved
• Fired large works in kilns
• Shows some awareness of Greek Archaic art – but some
differences:
GREEK sculpture:
• Kouros are stoic and proud
• Occasional light smile
• Broad shoulders of men
• Stylized hair
• Nudity
ETRUSCAN sculpture:
• Figures move dynamically in
space
• Figures aware of the world
around them
• Broad shoulders, stylized hair
• Avoided nudity
43.
44. What is this object?
Where was it found?
When was it made?
What does it signify about the
culture that made it?
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50. • Sarcophagus of married couple- ashes inside
• Full-length portraits. Can you see the influence of ancient Greece?
• Both held objects in hands- egg maybe? (to symbolize life after
death?)
• Concentration on upper body (legs got little attention when sculpted)
• Bodies make unrealistic L-turn to the legs
• Tradition of reclining while eating- banquet couch
• Man has protective gesture around woman
• Woman is feeding the man (symbiosis)
• Reflects high standing of women in
society (relative equality)
• Broad shoulders
• Little anatomical modeling
• Emaciated hands
• Made in separate pieces
and joined together
Sarhacopgus from Cerveteri
51. Apollo from Veii, c. 510 BCE, terra-cotta, 5’ 10”
•Veii had sculptures lining the ridge of
the roof (including this one)
•One of four large figures that once
stood on the temple
•Stood on roof = meant to be seen from
below
•Muscular, details, in motion- more
expressive than archaic Greek
sculptures of the time
•Has spirit, moves forward quickly
•Archaic smile
•Made of terra cotta
55. • Alert, snarling,
protective, aware,
tense, watchful, fierce
• Very thin body (bones)
• No mane or curly hair
• Face isn’t wolf-like
• Story of Romulus and
Remus suckled by the
She-Wolf – later
became founders of
Rome
• Children added later in
the Renaissance
• Scholars think this might be a Medieval copy of an Etruscan original
56.
57. In 2006 the Italian art historian
Anna Maria Carruba and the
Etruscologist Adriano La Regina
contested the traditional dating of
the wolf on the basis of an analysis
of the casting technique. Carruba
had been given the task of restoring
the sculpture in 1997, enabling her
to examine how it had been made.
She observed that the statue had
been cast in a single piece using a
variation of the lost-wax casting
technique that was not used in
ancient times; ancient Greek and
Roman bronzes were typically
constructed from multiple pieces, a
method that facilitated high quality
castings with less risk than would
be involved in casting the entire
sculpture at once. Single-piece
casting was, however, widely used
in medieval times to mould bronze
items that needed a high level of
rigidity, such as bells and cannon.
61. Chimera of Arezzo,
400-350 BCE, bronze
• Composite: lion head and body, goat’s neck springing from spine,
snake for a tail
• Angry, snarling, wounded, posed for attack (look out!)
• Richly articulated anatomy- spikelike mane, hurt defensive
posture
62. Engraved mirror back, c.400 BC
•Became master craftsmen in
metal
•Produced small mirrors and
statues for domestic use and
export
•Probably inspired by Greeks
but not Greek subject- winged
person looking at a liver of a
sacrificial animal
•Etruscans strongly believed in
omens- will of the gods
manifest itself through natural
occurences (thunderstorms,
flights of birds)
•Priests who could interpret
omens were revered
•Priests “read” the liver of
sacrificed animals to make
predictions
63. Portrait of a Boy, 3rd century BC
•Portraiture showed up only
after the influence of the
Greeks
•Worked in Bronze- sensitive
and gentle expression
64. ETRUSCAN VOCABULARY:
• NECROPOLIS: “city of the dead”- large burial area
• STUCCO: a fine plaster used for wall decorations and moldings
• TERRA-COTTA: hard ceramic clay used for buildings, pottery,
sculpture, etc.
• TUMULUS: an artificial mound of earth and stones placed over a
grave
Editor's Notes
DANCERS AND DINERS, TOMB OF THE TRICLINIUMTarquinia, Italy. c. 480-470 BCE. [Fig. 06-07]
BOYS CLIMBING ROCKS AND DIVING, TOMB OF HUNTING AND FISHINGTarquinia, Italy. Late 6th century BCE. [Fig. 06-06]
RECLINING COUPLE ON A SARCOPHAGUS FROM CERVETERIc. 520 BCE. Terra cotta, length 6'7" (2.06 m).Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome. [Fig. 06-09]
CAPITOLINE SHE-WOLFc. 500 BCE or c. 800 CE? (Boys underneath, 15th century CE).Bronze, height 33-1/2" (85 cm). Museo Capitolino, Rome. [Fig. 06-11]