Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotypic changes that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are influenced by factors like age, environment, lifestyle, and disease state, and can occur through DNA methylation, histone modification, and gene silencing. Epigenetic modifications can develop in different cell types and can be transmitted transgenerationally, potentially influencing traits and disease risk in offspring. Environmental exposures during development like a mother's pollution exposure or nutrition intake can impact epigenetic changes in her child with effects on traits and disease susceptibility.

1. EPIGENTICS
Mrs. Praveen Garg
VITS College, Satna

2. INTRODUCTION
 Epigenetics is the study of heritable phenotype changes that do not
involve alterations in the DNA sequence.
 The term "epigenetic" has been used to describe any modification
of chromosomal regions, especially histone modifications, whether
or not these changes are heritable or associated with a phenotype.
 Its occur in active or inactive genes and regulate the process of
gene regulation.
 Epigenetic change is a regular and natural occurrence but can also
be influenced by several factors including age, the
environment/lifestyle, and disease state.
 DNA methylation, histone modification and gene silencing are
initiate and develop epigenetic change.
 The role of epigenetics in a variety of human disorders and fatal
diseases.

4.  The term epigenetics coined by Waddington in 1942, it described
the influence of genetic processes on development.
 Epigenetic modifications can be develop in skin cells, liver cells,
brain cells, etc.
 Epigenetic change can have more damaging effects that can result
in diseases like cancer.
 Epigenetic do not involve a change to the DNA sequence,
whereas genetic mechanisms involve the changes or mutations to
DNA sequence.
 Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a common process
that acts during the differentiation of somatic cells, as well as in
response to environmental cues and stresses, and the passing on of
these modulations to the offspring constitutes epigenetic
inheritance.

7. Epigenetics and the Environment
 The field of epigenetics is quickly growing.
 Both the environment and individual lifestyle can also directly
interact with the genome to influence epigenetic change.
 These changes may be occur at various stages throughout a
person’s life and even in later generations.
 Prenatal and early postnatal environmental factors influence the
adult risk of developing various chronic diseases and behavioral
disorders.
 Mother’s exposure to pollution could impact her child asthma and
her intake of vitamin D could change DNA methylation that
influences placenta functioning. A child mental fitness could be
epigenetically influenced by Dad’s diet.
 These epigenetic changes can be transmitted to the organism's
offspring through a process called transgenerational epigenetic
inheritance.

12. High fat, low carb diet couuld open up
chromatin and improve mental ability
Several lifestyle factors
modify epigenetic patterns, such
as diet, obesity, physical activity,
tobacco smoking, alcohol
consumption, environmental
pollutants, psychological stress,
and working on night shifts.
Causes of Epigentics

13. Thank You