-Basic Concepts in Genetics
-What is Epigenetic?
-History of Epigenetic
-How do epigenetics work?
-Epigenetics and the Environment
-Epigenetic Inheritance
-Epigenetics in Psychiatry
The leaflet aims at providing general objective information on genetic tests, including their nature and the potential implications of their results. It presents the different types of tests available, their applications in the medical field and the extent and limit of the significance of the information resulting from these tests.
More information - www.coe.int/bioethics
-Basic Concepts in Genetics
-What is Epigenetic?
-History of Epigenetic
-How do epigenetics work?
-Epigenetics and the Environment
-Epigenetic Inheritance
-Epigenetics in Psychiatry
The leaflet aims at providing general objective information on genetic tests, including their nature and the potential implications of their results. It presents the different types of tests available, their applications in the medical field and the extent and limit of the significance of the information resulting from these tests.
More information - www.coe.int/bioethics
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
In this SlideShare, we'll be diving into Epigenetics and the unexplored approaches in therapeutics. Epigenetics refers to external modifications to DNA that turn genes ‘on’ or ‘off.’ These modifications do not change the DNA sequence itself, but instead, they alter the physical structure of DNA, which affects how our cells ‘read’ genes. Many diseases, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and mental illnesses are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic therapy offers a potential way to influence those pathways directly.
Epigenetics is the study, in the field of genetics, of cellular and physiological phenotypic trait variations that are caused by external or environmental factors that switch genes on and off and affect how cells read genes instead of being caused by changes in the DNA sequence. -Wikipedia
In this SlideShare, we'll be diving into Epigenetics and the unexplored approaches in therapeutics. Epigenetics refers to external modifications to DNA that turn genes ‘on’ or ‘off.’ These modifications do not change the DNA sequence itself, but instead, they alter the physical structure of DNA, which affects how our cells ‘read’ genes. Many diseases, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and mental illnesses are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic therapy offers a potential way to influence those pathways directly.
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Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal alongside his Punjab partner Bhagwant Mann on Wednesday hailed off extravagance transport administration from Jalandhar to the Indira Gandhi International air terminal
VHP; Bajrang Dal to protest nationwide against violence over Prophet row.pdfaditi agarwal
Bajrang Dal activists will hold a cross country challenge the new episodes of viciousness in pieces of the nation over comments against Prophet Mohammad, VHP reported
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Introduction
Not only do your genes influence your
health, but so do your actions and the
environment in which you live. This includes
things like the foods you consume and the
amount of exercise you get. Epigenetics is
the study of how a person’s behavior and
their environment may generate changes
that impact how their genes function. That’s
why it is important to have a Perfect Diet
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Epigenetic alterations, in contrast to genetic
modifications, are reversible and do not
alter the sequence of your DNA. However,
they may modify the way that your body
interprets a DNA sequence.
The term “gene expression” refers to the
frequency or timing of the production of
3. proteins based on the instructions contained
within your genes. Epigenetic alterations
impact gene expression and may “turn on”
or “turn off” genes, in contrast to genetic
modifications. Which can change the kind
of protein that produce. It is simple to
identify the relationship between your genes
and the environment and the behaviors you
engage in because your environment and
habits, such as nutrition and exercise, may
result in changes to your epigenome.
What is the mechanism behind epigenetics?
Changes in epigenetics may have a variety
of effects on how genes are expressed. The
following are examples of epigenetic
changes:
The methylation of DNA
The process of DNA methylation involves
the addition of a chemical group to the
4. genetic material. In most cases, this group
appends certain locations on the DNA.
Where it obstructs the ability of proteins to
“read” the gene by attaching to DNA and
doing so. Through an operation known as
demethylation, it is possible to eliminate this
chemical group. In most cases, methylation
will “switch off” genes, while demethylation
will “switch on” genes.
Histone modification
Histone proteins encase DNA in their spiral
structure. The proteins that “read” the gene
are unable to reach the DNA if it is securely
wrapped around the histones. Some genes
are turned “off”. They are wrapped around
histones, whereas other genes, which are
not wrapped around histones, are activated
because they are not turned off. It is
possible to add or remove chemical groups
from histones. Which will result in a change
5. in whether a gene is wrapped or
unwrapped (“on” or “off”).
RNA that lacks codons
Coding and non-coding RNA are both
produced from your body based on the
instructions found in your DNA. The
production of proteins requires coding
RNA. The process by which non-coding
RNA attaches to coding RNA, along with
specific proteins, to break down coding
RNA so that it cannot be utilized to produce
proteins is one method by which non-
coding RNA contributes to the regulation of
gene expression. Non-coding RNA may
recruit proteins to change histones to “turn
on” or “turn off” genes.
How Can Changes Occur in Your
Epigenetics?
6. Your epigenetic make-up changes as you
get older, both as a natural consequence of
maturation and the passage of time and as
a result of the effects of your actions and
the world around you.
The Interplay Between Genetics and
Development
Changes to your epigenome occur even
before you are born. Although they all
share the same DNA, each of your cells has
its unique appearance and behavior.
During development and growth,
epigenetics plays a role in determining the
function that a cell will have, such as
whether it will become a cell that makes up
the skin, the heart, or the nervous system.
Example: Nerve cell vs. Muscle cell
7. Even though they share the same DNA,
your muscle cells and nerve cells have quite
distinct functions. One of the functions of a
nerve cell is to transmit information to other
cells in the body. The structure of a muscle
cell contributes to the capability of your
body to move about. Through the process
of epigenetics, a muscle cell can generate
proteins that are essential to its function
while simultaneously silencing genes that
are essential to the function of a nerve cell.
Epigenetics and chronological age
Your epigenetic makeup will evolve as you
go through life. Your epigenetics when you
were born are not the same as your
epigenetics when you were a kid or when
you were an adult.
Example:
8. DNA methylation at millions of locations
assesses a baby, a 26-year-old, and a 103-
year-old participant in the study. The
comparison included a newborn, a 26-
year-old, and an older participant. The
degree to which DNA is methylated
decreases as people become older. The
level of DNA methylation in a newborn was
the greatest, while the level in a 103-year-
old was the lowest. The level of DNA
methylation in a 26-year-old was
intermediate between that of the newborn
and the 103-year-old
Epigenetics and the Capability to Change
Not all modifications brought about by
epigenetics are permanent. Some
epigenetic alterations can introduce or
deleted in response to shifts in either
behavior or the surrounding environment.
9. Example: Smokers vs. non-smokers vs.
former smokers
Changes to one’s epigenome may be
brought on by smoking. For instance,
compared to non-smokers, smokers often
have a lower level of DNA methylation in
certain regions of the AHRR gene. The gap
is even wider between heavy smokers and
smokers who have maintained their habit
for many years. Former smokers can begin
to exhibit enhanced DNA methylation at
this gene sometime after they have given
up smoking. They eventually have the
potential to attain levels that are
comparable to those of non-smokers. This
might happen in less than a year for some
people. But the exact amount of time it
takes depends on how long and how much
someone smoked before they stopped.
10. The Link Between Epigenetics and Health
Alterations to your epigenome may have a
variety of effects on your health, including
the following:
Infections
Germs can alter your epigenetics and make
your immune system less effective. This
contributes to the germ’s ability to live.
Example: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes TB.
Infections caused by these pathogens may
lead to alterations in the histones of certain
of your immune cells. Which ultimately
results in the “off” switch being flipped on
the IL-12B gene. Your immune system will
be weakened, and the likelihood of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis surviving will
increase if you “switch off” the IL-12B gene.
11. Cancer
A higher risk of developing cancer is
associated with having certain mutations. In
a similar vein, some epigenetic
modifications may raise your chance of
developing cancer. For instance, if you have
a mutation in the BRCA1 gene that stops it
from acting as it should, you have an
increased risk of developing breast cancer
as well as other types of cancer. Increased
DNA methylation, which leads to lower
BRCA1 gene expression, also elevates the
risk of cancer, including breast cancer as
well as other types of cancer. Even while
certain genes in cancer cells have higher
levels of DNA methylation than normal cells
do, the total amount of DNA methylation is
lower in cancer cells.
12. Normal cells have higher levels of DNA
methylation. Seemingly identical forms of
cancer can have very distinct patterns of
DNA methylation. Epigenetics may use to
assist in determining the kind of cancer that
a person has or can assist in the early
detection of tumors that are difficult to
detect. Epigenetics cannot use identify
cancer on its own; further screening
procedures require to validate any potential
cancer diagnoses.
Example: Colorectal Cancer
The expression of some genes alters
colorectal tumors as a result of aberrant
methylation of DNA in areas that are close
to those genes. Stool samples are examined
in some commercial colorectal cancer
screening tests to check for abnormally high
levels of DNA methylation in any one or
13. more of these DNA locations. You must be
aware of the fact that to finish the screening
procedure. You will need to have a
colonoscopy if the test result is positive or
abnormal.
The Importance of Nutrition During
Pregnancy
The surroundings and behaviors of a
pregnant woman, such as whether or not
she consumes nutritious food, have the
potential to alter the epigenetics of the
developing kid. Some of these changes
may last for decades, which may increase
the likelihood that the kid will develop
certain illnesses later in life.
Example: Dutch Hunger Winter Famine
(1944-1945)
14. People whose mothers were pregnant with
them during the famine had a higher risk of
developing various ailments, including
heart disease, schizophrenia, and type 2
diabetes. These diseases were more
common in those people. Researchers
examined the levels of methylation in
individuals whose mothers were pregnant
with them during the famine. This study was
conducted around sixty years after the crisis
ended. In comparison to their siblings who
were not subjected to hunger before their
birth, these individuals showed increased
methylation at some genes and reduced
methylation at other genes. These
variations in methylation might help explain
why these individuals had a higher risk of
developing certain illnesses later in life.
Conclusions
15. Epigenetics is an exciting and relatively new
field that already provides important
insights into complex biological processes.
While much work still needs to be done to
fully understand the role of epigenetics in
human health and disease, the potential
implications are profound. Epigenetic
changes can pass down from one
generation to the next, meaning that the
health of future generations may be
influenced by epigenetic changes that occur
today. As we learn more about epigenetics,
we may be able to identify new ways to
prevent or treat disease, and ultimately
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