The document discusses the history and mechanisms of epigenetics. It explains that epigenetics refers to modifications in gene expression that are not due to changes in DNA sequence. Early life experiences and environment can cause epigenetic changes that affect gene expression and may be passed down to offspring. Stress, nutrition, and other prenatal factors experienced by the mother can influence the epigenome of the unborn child and impact future health outcomes across generations. Lifestyle choices like diet and exercise can also induce epigenetic changes and influence disease risk.
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology PracticeAsha Jain
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice
Talk delivered at 4th Biennial International ISCSGCON 2021
on Febuary 13,2021 by Dr. Asha Jain
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology PracticeAsha Jain
Role of Stem Cells in Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice
Talk delivered at 4th Biennial International ISCSGCON 2021
on Febuary 13,2021 by Dr. Asha Jain
PANEL DISCUSSION ON ENDOMETRIOSIS IN ADOLESCENTS (2018 )Lifecare Centre
PANEL DISCUSSION ON ENDOMETRIOSIS IN ADOLESCENTS (2018 ) MODERATOR
DR SHARDA JAIN
DR ILA GUPTA
DR DIPTI NABH
panelist
UMA RAI
RAJ BOKARIA
JYOTI AGARWAL
JYOTI BHASKER
RENU CHAWLA
DIPTI NABH
VANDANA GUPTA
interest in stem cells is raising in different field of medicine. The question is : is it successful in Gynecology or it is still too early to say that. The present talk may help to explore this .
Invited Lecture delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the Annual Conference of ISAR (Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction) held at Kolkata in November, 2019
Advance in diagnosis & treatment of cancers has led to high cure rate & longer survival.
Nearly 1 in 12 cases detected before 40 years age.
Survivors have to face infertility or early menopause.
investigation of infertility with focus on genetic basis of infertilityPathKind Labs
Infertility if quite common. Understanding genetic basis of infertility can help in making the right decision on what diseases can be transmitted to the offspring and which IVF technique would be most helpful in overcoming infertility.
Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs)
Stimulates growth :
Up regulating epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Down regulating tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression
Inhibits growth :
Downregulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression
NO EFFECT ON ESTRADIOL LEVELS
Mifepristone : 5 or 10 mg per day for 1 year
Ulipristal acetate: 5-10mg/day for 13 weeks
Pro apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on fibroid cells
Ovarian stimulation for ovulatory disorders and assisted reproduction. From simple induction with oral medications till the controlled ovarian stimulation including different protocols.
PANEL DISCUSSION ON ENDOMETRIOSIS IN ADOLESCENTS (2018 )Lifecare Centre
PANEL DISCUSSION ON ENDOMETRIOSIS IN ADOLESCENTS (2018 ) MODERATOR
DR SHARDA JAIN
DR ILA GUPTA
DR DIPTI NABH
panelist
UMA RAI
RAJ BOKARIA
JYOTI AGARWAL
JYOTI BHASKER
RENU CHAWLA
DIPTI NABH
VANDANA GUPTA
interest in stem cells is raising in different field of medicine. The question is : is it successful in Gynecology or it is still too early to say that. The present talk may help to explore this .
Invited Lecture delivered by Dr Sujoy Dasgupta in the Annual Conference of ISAR (Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction) held at Kolkata in November, 2019
Advance in diagnosis & treatment of cancers has led to high cure rate & longer survival.
Nearly 1 in 12 cases detected before 40 years age.
Survivors have to face infertility or early menopause.
investigation of infertility with focus on genetic basis of infertilityPathKind Labs
Infertility if quite common. Understanding genetic basis of infertility can help in making the right decision on what diseases can be transmitted to the offspring and which IVF technique would be most helpful in overcoming infertility.
Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs)
Stimulates growth :
Up regulating epidermal growth factor (EGF)
Down regulating tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression
Inhibits growth :
Downregulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) expression
NO EFFECT ON ESTRADIOL LEVELS
Mifepristone : 5 or 10 mg per day for 1 year
Ulipristal acetate: 5-10mg/day for 13 weeks
Pro apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on fibroid cells
Ovarian stimulation for ovulatory disorders and assisted reproduction. From simple induction with oral medications till the controlled ovarian stimulation including different protocols.
-Basic Concepts in Genetics
-What is Epigenetic?
-History of Epigenetic
-How do epigenetics work?
-Epigenetics and the Environment
-Epigenetic Inheritance
-Epigenetics in Psychiatry
Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski - Epigenetics of ASD-10.05.2019Vladimir Trajkovski
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Role of genetics in periodontal diseasesAnushri Gupta
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Genetic study design
genetic syndrome and disease associated with periodontal diseases, heretibility of periodontal disease, gene library, gene therapy
How and Why Pesticides Affect Our Healthmomasunite
Dr. Myrto Ashe, MD, MPH presents scientific evidence that pesticides affect the health of our children. She explains the mechanism of how pesticides disrupt the health of children.
Is there an ideal way for parents and health carers to ensure babies get the best start in life?
All agree that every precious baby deserves the best possible start in life. But what is the best possible start and when does that start begin – before or after birth? With all that we already know and understand about pregnancy and infant development, do we truly understand the obstacles and opportunities at the heart of raising a child to its full potential?
This public lecture traces the journey of a child from the moments before conception to its first years as an infant. It considers the complex influences at work on mother and child such as fear, anxiety, social expectations and intergenerational parenting experiences. Insights will be offered based on cutting-edge research from which all would-be parents, infant care professionals and wider community would benefit.
Professor Maralyn Foureur
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The leaflet aims at providing general objective information on genetic tests, including their nature and the potential implications of their results. It presents the different types of tests available, their applications in the medical field and the extent and limit of the significance of the information resulting from these tests.
More information - www.coe.int/bioethics
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
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Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...
Dr Nitika Sobti epigenetics ADBHUT MATRUTVA
1. Dr Nitika Sobti
Founder – Virtue Baby
Sr. Consultant (Obstetrics and Gynaecology)
Max Super Speciality Hospital
Shalimar Bagh
2. The word epigenetics means
things imposed “on top of
genetics”.
The study of modifications to
DNA that promote changes
in gene expression without
altering the DNA sequence
3.
4. History of Epigenetics
Conrad Waddington coined the term, “epigenetic.
Waddington’s concept was a pivotal concept in
developmental biology as it attempted to explain how a
static set of DNA sequences could dynamically give rise to a
complex organism. Pioneering work by Waddington also
demonstrated compelling evidence for inheritance of a
seemingly acquired characteristic in drosophila fruit flies.
5. Studies
• Johns Hopkins University- First Center for
Comprehensive Study of Epigenetics
• Harvard University -Epigenetic control of gene
expression, epigenetics in mammalian development, and
epigenetics in cancer are few topics from Harvard's
researchers
• The National Cancer Institute of the US - Research areas
include DNA methylation, heterochromatin cancer
pathogenesis, the role of DNA methylation in health and
disease, and tumor phenotypes.
6. Studies
• University of Virginia - topics are the histone code,
chromatin structure, and histone-chromatin crosstalk.
• The University of Cambridge - epigentics in cancer and
other diseases, such as diabetes, Beckwith-Wiedemann
syndrome, and Huntington's disease, and the role of
epigenetics in cells, particularly in mammalian
development.
7. In an article published in Time Magazine in 2010 entitled
“Why Your DNA Isn’t Your Destiny,” the
work of Dr. Lars Olov Bygren, a preventative-specialist and
researcher, is discussed. He discovered that the dietary and
lifestyle conditions affected the genetic expression of not only
the individual, but also their children and grandchildren. He
concludes “it is through epigenetic[s]…that environmental
factors like diet, stress and prenatal nutrition Prenatal nutrition,
Prenatal Stress, Postnatal Behavior can make an imprint on
genes that are passed from one generation to the next.”
GENETICS IS THE HARDWARE & EPIGENETICS IS THE SOFTWARE.
8. Methylation
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control
gene expression. A number of mechanisms exist to control gene
expression in eukaryotes, but DNA methylation is a commonly used
epigenetic signaling tool that can fix genes in the “off” position.
DNA methylation and disease
Researchers are currently looking at the links between DNA methylation
and human diseases such as lupus, cancer, muscular dystrophy and
various congenital defects. Their findings could be significant in aiding
the development of therapies and for understanding and preventing
conditions that develop during embryonic development as a result of
abnormal methylation of the X chromosome and gene imprinting.
9. • The human genome contains 25000-35000
genes as well as switches controlling them.
A genome is a complete set of DNA in a
cell. DNA carries the instruction for
building all the proteins that make each
living creative unique.
• These 25000-35000 genes make only 5%
of genome the rest consisting of switches
(epigenome). As we might say we have a
100 page book & 95 pages are instructions
how to read, the book.
10. From where does this
epigenetic information get laid
on our chromatin-
• Much of it happens during our embryonic development.
• When you were first conceived you were just a group of few
a undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, your chromatin did
not have epigenetic marks/switches on it. It is only when
our cells begin to divide & receive signals & information
from surrounding cells that epigenetic marks begin to
accumulate & genes began to turn on and off. Each cell type
expresses only these genes required for its specific function.
This modification is determined by the interplay between
enzymes which are controlled by epigenetic signal
pathways-that respond to changes in the cell’s local
environment.
11.
12. Perturbations of these signaling pathways can
predisposed to the development of diseases
such as cancer, Alzheimer, Schizophrenia says
Peter Becker (2015) of Ludwig Maximilian
University of Munich.
13.
14. Environmental Genetics
• The early emotional environment can lead to long
lasting epigenetic changes. One example is the
epigenetic changes shown in a special type of mouse
AGOUTI MOUSE.
• Both mice and people have a gene called agouti
(Dolinoy, Huang, & Jirtle, 2007). When a mouse’s
agouti gene is completely unmethylated mouse has a
yellow coat color, is obese, and prone to diabetes and
cancer. When the agouti gene is methylated (as it is in
normal mice) the coat color is brown and the mouse
has a low disease risk. Fat yellow mice and skinny
brown ones are genetically identical. The fat yellow
mice look different because they have an epigenetic
15. • When pregnant yellow agouti mice were not fed methyl-rich foods,
no folic acid –caused decreased methylation of agouti gene, thus
giving birth to obese yellow mice.
• When pregnant yellow agouti mice were fed methyl-rich foods
(even if they were exposed to chemicals BPA) their offsprings were
brown mice.
• So these genetically identical mice look, so radically different due
to epigenetic changes caused in the womb by pregnant mother’s
diet.
• Our findings provide a framework, charged messages regarding
fear and anxiety also pass modified brain chemistry to their
offspring” (Dias et al, 2015).
16. There is compelling evidence that epigenetic
dysregulation underlines the observed associations
between adult disease and adverse environmental
and nutritional conditions early in development as
suggested in
“Hunger Winter Studies’’ –Baugh principal
researchers, Duke University neurobiologist, stated
that starvation early in life can alter an organism for
generations.
17. Social Epigenetics
• Researchers at the University of Zurich “traumatized” male mice by
separating them from the mother at unpredictable times in the
first two weeks of life.
• The study led by Professor Isabelle Mansuy in 2014 - traumatic
experiences affect metabolism in the long-term and that these
changes are hereditary ( much alterations in the levels of micro
RNA in sperm).
18. Transgenerational Inheritance of Behavioral Traits
• Affectionate maternal care given to female rats pups post natally
results in them giving some quality care to their offspring when
they become mothers. Abusive and neglectful caregivers are
known to leave children particularly susceptible to cognitive and
emotional dysfunction. Indeed, there is a significant association of
reported childhood maltreatment and the later diagnosis of
adolescent and adulthood schizophrenia, borderline personality
disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression.
• Higher levels of care-taking behavior during the first week of life
modifies gene transcription throughout the lifespan and promotes
adult behavior that is characterized by stress resilience and
increased maternal care.
19. • Researchers at the University of British Columbia have
demonstrated that human infants of mothers with high levels of
depression and anxiety during the third trimester have increased
methylation of the Nr3c1 gene promoter in cord blood cells
(Devlin, Brain, Austin, & Oberlander, 2010).
• Patrick McGowan found that in suicide victims the levels of
this gene were very low. This gene produces a protein GR-Low
level of this GR receptor is also found in mood disorders,
schizophrenia, and suicide.
• Delivery by elective cesarean section also has shown an increased
risk of certain diseases, such as Asthma, Type 1-diabetes, Obesity,
Celiac Disease, and Cancer.
20. • It is evident from our survey of recent discoveries in epigenetics
how nature (genes) and nurture (the environment) work in
concert.
• The only thing we know for sure is that we are a product of
dynamic interaction between nature and nurture that nothing
about us is written in stone and, therefore, as long as we breathe,
we are a work in progress, constantly changing. Epigenetic
modifications are dynamic and potentially reversible processes.
21. Three simple steps
• Eat plenty of cruciferous vegetable such as broccoli and
cauliflower. They contain antioxidant that enhance our tumor
fighting genes and what way lower our risk of developing cancer.
• Exercise regularly. Exercise has been shown to prevent stem cells
fro turning into fat cells.
• Do not suffer silently of stress, anxiety and depression. They affect
negatively the epigenome. These conditions need to be dealt with
as soon as they arise.
22. Key Take Away
• An individual’s adult health is heavily influenced by early prenatal physiological
factors affecting the mother such as food, pollution, and radiation.
• The unborn child will adjust as best it can to the external environment he/she is
going to encounter upon birth by way of epigenetics changes.
• At least parts of the changed genetics code can be passed on to future
generations.
• Genes don’t make you who you are. Gene expression does. And gene expression
varies depending on the life you live.
• Gene activity cranks up or spins down in response to changes in your
environment.
• Our social lives, our interactions with others and ourselves can change our gene
expression with a rapidity, breadth, and depth previously unknown.