This document discusses various visual symbols that can be used for instructional purposes, including their definitions, appropriate uses, and key characteristics. It covers drawings, sketches, cartoons, comics, diagrams, charts, graphs, maps, and posters. For each type of visual, the document provides examples and guidelines. It emphasizes that visuals should be directly relevant to the content, avoid redundancy, be large enough for all to see, be attractive, and maintain good taste. The goal is to effectively convey information and stories through visual representations.

1. VISUAL SYMBOLS

2. VISUAL symbols
>These are representations of direct
reality, which comes in the form of
signs and symbols.
• Drawings
• Sketches
• Cartoons
• Comics or Strip
Drawing
• Diagrams
• Charts and Graphs
• Maps
• posters.

3. 1. Visuals must be directly relevant to the
audio content.
Rules of Thumbs in Using
Visuals
2. Redundancy between visuals and audio
must be avoided.
3. Visual displays should be big enough to
be seen by the farthest pupil.

4. 4. Visual displays must be attractive.
5. Visual displays must be aesthetically
presented to maintain good taste.

5. Kinds of Visual Symbols
1. Cartoons
Cartoons tell stories metaphorically through
pictures, which need no captions.

6. Suggestion for the use of
Cartoons
a. Appropriateness to experience level
b. Simplicity
c. Brevity of captions if ever but they may
not be given any
d. Use of clear symbols
e. Adequateness of size

7. 2. Posters
A poster is combination
of bold designs and
color primarily intended
to catch attention on
a significant fact, idea
or message.

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POSTER
1. It must be bold and simple but dramatizes
features.
2. It must be appropriate to the grade level and
to the subject and purposes.
3. It must have only limited text, few words
are generally used and key words are made to
standout by means of type size or position.

9. 4. It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes.
5. Design and color must be given consideration.
6. It must have elements of dynamism and
shock.

10. 3. Drawings and Sketches
These are crude and
simple lines with no
illusion of depth which
are effective in
showing what needs to
be shown with
sufficient clarity, to
make the meaning vivid
to learners or
students.

11. 4. Diagrams
Diagrams are simplified
drawings designed to
show interrelationship
primarily by means of
lines and symbols. They
are used to explain rather
than to represent.

12. 5. Charts
Charts are graphic or pictorial
representations of a large mass of
information or show progression through
time and space of people or events, ideas
and objects.

13.  KINDS OF CHARTS AND EXAMPLES
1. DATA CHART –
contains items of
information of all sorts
especially quantitative
data.

14. 2. PICTORIAL CHART – use relevant
pictures to present data or
information on quantifiable data over
a specific period or condition.

15. 3. SCHEMATIC CHART – shows a principle or a
law as applied like that of refrigeration

16. 4. DIAGRAMMATIC
CHART – verb chart is
popular example
5. MULTIPLE LEAF
CHART – internal working
parts of a machine

17. 6. PHANTOM VIEW
CHART – shows hidden
parts of a machine
without obliterating the
outer parts

18. 7. DEVELOPMENT
OR PROGRESS
CHART – profile of a
place or a person

19. 8. TABLE CHART – bus trips

20. 9. TIME AND TABULAR
CHART – presidents and
their term of office

21. 11. FLOW OR ORGANIZATIONAL CHART – school
personnel chart, life cycle of a frog or the water
cycle.

22. 10. STREAM OR TREE
CHART – family tree

23. 6. Graphs
Graphs present quantitative data for easier
analysis and interpretation. It shows
comparative relationship of data involved in
size, trends and growth.

24.  KINDS OF GRAPHS
1. LINE GRAPH – is
the most accurate of
all graphs used in
plotting trends of
relationships between
two series of data.

25. 2. BAR GRAPHS –
simplest of all graphs to
read. They are represented
either by vertical or
horizontal bars. The
lengths of the bars
represent an amount or
percentage data. It is best
when number of values to
be compared is small.

26. 3. CIRCLE OR
PIE GRAPH –
the sections of
which are used
to represent
component
parts of a
whole.

27. 4. AREA OR SOLID GRAPHS – use for the
simplest quantitative comparison thru the use
of geometric shapes. It is used to compare two
or three related totals

28. 5. PICTORIAL
STATISTICS OR
PICTOGRAPH – it
makes use of related
pictures in showing
quantitative data.
Pictures give realism
and interest so it is
widely used specially
in the elementary
grades.

29. Principles of Pictography
1. Simplicity
2. Comparison of relationship must be
strikingly seen
3. Approximates rather than precise amounts
are represented
4. Pictorial symbols used must be self
explanatory rather than by the size

30. 7. Strip Drawing or Comic Strip
Strip drawings are recommended for their story
value in adaptation of the classics. They are
affective in instruction not only because they are
simple, clear and easy to read but because they
deal with materials that has been made personal.

31. Comics is a form of cartooning in which the
same cast of characters form a story in
sequence of closely related drawings, designed to
entertain the readers. They are usually enjoyed by
elementary pupils as well as secondary students
because of their simplicity, attractiveness, color
and relevant plot.

33. VALUES DERIVED FROM THE STRIP DRAWINGS
1. Increases interest in the subject
2. Individualizes and personalizes instruction for
certain types of pupils
3. Serves as a valuable practice in
4. Widens reading interest

34. REASONS FOR USING COMICS STRIP
1. It is easy to read so it encourages
reading
2. It builds vocabulary
3. It satisfies the collectors’ interest in
acquiring copies
4. It provides excitement
5. It is inexpensive
6. It satisfies the children’s idea of art

35. 8. Maps
Maps are usually shown on flat surface and
are used to represent the surface of the
earth or some parts of it, showing the
relative size and position according to scale
or projection and position represented.

36.  Maps according to content
a. PHYSICAL MAP – also called relief maps,
they are the best because of their three
dimensional representation; which includes
geographical outline of land and water.
Commercial or economic maps- also known as
product or industrial map since they show land
area in relation to the economy.

37. b. Political map – shows
national boundaries down to
the smallest division

38.  STANDARDS IN JUDGING MAPS
1. Visibility – details are clearly seen and read
2. Detail – less detailed maps are better
3. Scale – marks are clear, dependable and
easily interpreted
4. Symbols – not too many to be remembered

39. 5. Color – should be used as an aid to reading it
6. Accuracy – in terms of its specific purposes
7. Grade level relevance
8. Print – is legible or readable
9. Durability – can stand several use

40.  POINTS TO REMEMBER IN
UTILIZING MAPS FOR TEACHING
1. Make sure that the pupils or students
comprehend the purpose of the map
2. Promote or develop positive emotional
attitude
3. Allow ample time for students’ first look
4. Make sure they understand map symbolism

41. REFERENCE:
TEACHING EDUCATIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
by
CANDELLARIA PARO