This document discusses different types of instructional materials that can be used for teaching, including mock-ups, realia, videos/films, models, pictures, books, and electronic materials. Mock-ups are replicas that show essential detachable parts of an object at a different scale. Realia uses real objects from the environment. Videos/films show motion and sequences clearly. Models are scaled replicas used when the real object is too large or small. Pictures provide visuals to introduce concepts. Books contain accurate information and serve as permanent references. Electronic materials now include resources like CDs, DVDs, and the internet. Each type has advantages and disadvantages in teaching, and guidelines are provided for effective use.

1. MOCK-UPS
A mock-up is a replica of an
object that may be larger or
smaller scale. It is intended to
show the essential parts which
are made detachable.

2. ADVANTAGES
It can be constructed buy the teacher
since she knows which part should
emphasized. In a mock-up structure of
a flower the detachable parts could be
the pistil and the stamen.
 it is a way of focusing observations on
the desired part to be studied as well
as the functional relationships of the
parts.

3. DISADVANTAGES
Its construction could be time
consuming
Since the sizes are exaggerated,
the students might be confused
when faced with the real object.
It could be costly

4. GUIDELINES
 Involve students in building mock-ups
 Guide the students in the construction of a
mock-ups.
 Make sure it will truly illustrates the
functional relationship of the parts of the
real object.
 Prepare a sketch of the desired scale and
location of the parts before building it.

5. REALIA
Stands for the real thing that
are to be studied like using real
insects or plants. They are
plentiful in the children’s
environment and around the
school.

6. ADVANTAGES
Real object are easily available
everywhere.
Examining real objects create concrete
learning experiences for the learner.
Real specimens can be handled and
observed thoroughly.

7. DISADVANTAGES
Some live animals and plants are
potential hazards.
Some are expensive
Problems regarding storage and
retrieval may arise.

8. GUIDELINES
Fit the object with the objectives of the
lesson.
The students can bring their own realia
from their homes.
Students should be encourage to help
in locating and acquiring realia for their
classroom use.

9. VIDEO TAPES/FILMS
Films come in the form of 8mm and
16m type. Video tapes can be
purchase or rented.

10. ADVANTAGES
Motion pictures easily motivate
children.
Movement or sequence of events can
be shown clearly.
They are adaptable to large or small
group

11. DISADVANTAGES
Choosing films with the exact
content desired may be a
problem.
Projection equipment might be
expensive for some school.

12. GUIDELINES
In purchasing or renting, allow
sufficient time in order to have them
available when needed.
Preview film to get thoroughly
acquainted with its content.

13. MODELS
Models are scaled replicas of real
object. When the real thing cannot be
used due to their size either too large or
too small, replicas are used

14. ADVANTAGES
Models provide motivation and
enhance learning.
Oversized objects can be reduced in
size and can be studied in the
classroom.

15. DISADVANTAGES
Purchase of models can be costly.
If models are built as to scale, it could
be time consumed.

16. GUIDELINES
Emphasize the size of the real object
while being used.
Use of moving models can catch
attention and interest easily.

17. PICTURES
These include flat, opaque and still
pictures. Photographs or pictures
clipped from news paper and magazines
are also used. The concepts to be
taught could be introduced through
pictures.

18. ADVANTAGES
Appropriate pictures that fit the
objectives are easy to obtain.
They are often free in the form of
clippings

19. DISADVANTAGES
Choosing right picture can be a
problem for some teacher.
Handing of pictures needs so much
care.

20. GUIDELINES
Make sure that the picture that be
used is not outdated.
Small pictures are difficult to see.

21. BOOKS
Textbooks and all kind of books are also
classified as media or sub-strategies.
They contain information, pictures and
graphics.

22. ADVANTAGES
Books are well-written. They presented
acccurate facts and details.
They serve as permanent sources of
information. Owning books assures
one with available information when
needed.

23. DISADVANTAGES
Books on special contents can be
expensive for some
At one time, the search for information
can be limited to only one or two
readers.

24. GUIDELINES
Cultivate the love for books
among children age.
Assist them in understanding
some facts cited especially the
new figures.

25. ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
A lot of materials are now available for
teaching-learning – CDs, DVDs CD-ROMS
and the internet. While these are
developments in the field of educational
technology, it does not mean that all these
that came before like textbooks have become
obsolete. You will have a more lengthy
discussion of these electronic materials in
your two courses on educational technology.

26. ASSIGNMENT
Review the next lesson pg. 120-130

27. THANK YOU 
BY: HONEYLENE S. DELEON