This document discusses various visual symbols that can be used for teaching, including their purposes and characteristics. It describes cartoons, photographs, illustrations, posters, drawings, diagrams, charts, graphs, and flashcards. For each type of visual symbol, the document provides examples and discusses how to effectively design and use them, such as making sure they are relevant, clear, and large enough for students to see. The overall purpose of visual symbols is to complement and reinforce the information being taught.

1. VISUAL
SYMBOLS

2. VISUAL SYMBOLS
 Visual symbols – are representation of direct reality,
which comes in the form of signs and
symbols.
Rules of thumbs in using visuals
1. Visuals must be directly relevant to the audio content .
2. Redundancy between visual and audio must be avoided. If
words are displayed, viewers must given time to read.
3. Visual displays should be big enough to be seen by the
farthest pupil.
4. Visual displays must be attractive.
5. Visual displays must be aesthetically presented to maintain
good taste.

3. KINDS OF VISUAL SYMBOLS

4. 1. Cartoons – tell a stories metaphorically through pictures,
which need no captions.
- a pictorial representation or caricature of person,
idea, situation or issue that is designed to
influence public opinion.

5. 2. Photographs – are also still a pictures, which can be mounted or
un-mounted, photographic reproductions taken
from the magazine or books. They appear in
black and white in full color.

6. 3. Illustrations – are non photographic reconstruction or
representation of reality, etched or drawn by an
illustrator .
- it also show the direction at which movement must
take its course or instruction on how to go about
assembling a tool in science or a material or
equipment .
- is a depiction or meaning conveyed through
pictures, that is created to elucidate or dictate
sensual information.

7. Purpose on Where the flat picture, photographs and illustration can
be used for teaching;
1. To concretize words and symbols.
2. To lend meaning to what one reads.
3. To introduce or motivate.
4. To correct misconceptions.
Posters – is a combination of bold designs and color primarily
intended to catch attention on significant fact, idea or
message.

8. Characteristics of a good Poster
1. It must be hold an simple but dramatizes features.
2. It must be appropriate to the grade level and to subject and
purpose/s.
3. It must have only limited text; few words are generally used and
key words are made to standout by means of type size or
position.
4. It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes.
5. Design and color must be given consideration.
6. It must have elements of dynamism and shock.

9. 3. Drawings and sketches
- Crude and simple lines, which are effective in showing
what needs to be shown with sufficient clarity, to make
the meaning vivid to learners.

10. - Stick drawing with no elusion of depth but a smart
teacher can use them in a very effective way in
explaining and showing ideas and concepts.

11. 4. Diagrams
- are simplified drawings designed to show
interrelationship primarily by means of lines and
symbols.
- used to condense visual summaries of facts; the ideas
rely heavily on symbolic means.

12. 5. Charts
- graphic or pictorial representations of a large mass of
information or showing progression thru time and space
of people or events, ideas and object.
Kind of charts and examples
Data chart – contains items of information of all sorts especially
quantitative data.

13. 2. Pictorial chart – use relevant pictures to present data or
information on quantifiable data over a
specific period or condition.

14. 3. Schematic chart – shows principle or a law as applied like that
of refrigeration.

15. 4. Diagrammatic chart – verb chart is a popular example.
5. Multiple leaf chart – internal working parts of a machine.

16. 6. Phantom view chart – shows hidden parts of a machine without
obliterating the outer parts.
7. Development or progress chart – profile of a place or
person.

17. 8. Table chart – bus strip.
9. Time and tabular chart – presidents and their term of office.

18. 10. Stream or tree chart – family tree.
11. Flow or organizational chart – school personnel chart, life
cycle of a frog or the water cycle.

19. 6. Graphs
- presents quantitative data for easier analysis and
interpretation.
- shows comparative relationship of data involve in size,
trends and growth.
Kinds of Graphs
1. Line graphs – the most accurate of all graphs used in plotting
trends of relationships between two series of data,
also used when there is considerable number of
data to be plotted and if these data are continues.

20. 2. Bar graphs – simplest of all graphs to read
- represented either by vertical or horizontal bars.
Vertical bar graph
Horizontal bar graph

21. 3. Circle or pie graph – used to present components parts of a
whole.
- parts or segments are calculated in
percentage or fractional parts of a whole.
4. Area or solid graph - use for simplest quantitative comparison
of components parts of a whole.

22. 5. Pictorial statistics or pictograph – make use of related pictures in
showing quantitative data.
- most widely used in elementary grades.
Principles in pictographing
1. Simplicity – pictures used must be simple
2. Comparison of relationship must be strikingly seen.
3. Approximates rather than precise amounts are
represented.
4. Pictorial symbols used must be self explanatory.
5.Quantities are usually shown by the number of symbols
rather than by size.

23. 7. Strip drawing
- recommended for their story value in adaptation of the
classic.
- effective instruction not only because they are simple,
clear and easy to read but because they deal with
materials that made personal.

24. * Comics strip – form of cartooning in which the same cast of
characters form a story in sequence of closely
related drawings designed to entertain the
readers.

25. Values derived from the strip drawings
1. Increases interest in the subject
2. individualizes and personalizes instruction for certain
types of pupils.
3. Serves as a valuable practice in reading
4. Widens reading interest.
5. To summarize a unit.
6. To arouse emotions.

26. 4. Flashcards – valuable materials for drill activities particularly
in the teaching of Math, English, and Filipino.
- drills are very important means of fixing the
skills and automatizing the responses of pupil.

27. Consideration in using Flashcards.
1. Must be bold and big enough to be seen by everybody.
2. Flash the cards in a fast or snappy manner to develop fast
thinking or response.
3. Flash the cards from back to front.
4. Hold the flashcards firmly at your chest level.

28. THANK YOU
MELVIN O. RESPETO
SHARER