This document discusses Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience, which illustrates how different types of instructional methods can influence learning retention rates. It presents the Cone of Experience as having 11 bands of experiences ranging from concrete to abstract: (1) Direct experiences allow for 90% retention rates while (2) reading allows only 10%. The Cone also represents a progression from easy to difficult as it moves up levels of abstraction. Using a variety of instructional methods that incorporate different sensory modes can help develop higher-order thinking skills in students.

1. Hello!
I’m Czarina Y. Bercarce your presenter
for today.

2. UNIT
III: THEORIES AND
PRINCIPLES IN THE
USE OF DESIGN OF
TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN
LESSONS

3. • Edgar Dale (April 27, 1900 in Benson,
Minnesota, – March 8, 1985 in Columbus, Ohio)
• An American educator
• One of his famous work was the Cone of
Experience also known as the Learning Pyramid.
Edgar Dale

4. SOME CONCEPTS OF THE CONE:
1. CONCRETE TO ABSTRACT- Experiences from the bottom are the most
direct to student, and as it goes upward, the more indirect the
learning takes place.
2. LEVEL OF ABSTRACTION- Seemingly, we can say that the manner of
arrangement with accordance to the cone is from easy to difficult as
the appearance suggests.

5. 3. PERCENTAGE OF RETENTION- Research says that the more skills involve
during instruction, the better learning will take place. This also applies to the
Cone which at the bottom (Direct Purposeful Experiences), study shows that
90% of possible information will retain. 70% both involves saying and
writing, 50% on what we have heard and said, 30% on what we see only,
20% on solely hearing, and 10% on what we have read. As you will notice
the percentage distribution, we can label them to the different bands of
experiences.
4. DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS- The proper blending
of concrete and abstract experiences will result the learner into developing
his/her HOTS. The different bands can be maximized with one instruction
depending on their usefulness. Don’t hesitate to provide the best experiences
to your learner as possible as you can. There must be a balance always, not to
spoon-fed, but not so carefree.

6. 5. BRUNER’S THREE-TIERED OF LEARNING- The Cone of Experience by Dale is
connected to the idea of Bruner wherein he classified three (3) types of learners.
• ENACTIVE LEARNERS- These are learners that learn from direct manipulation
and application of concepts they have learned. They prefer experiences that
involves the full utilization of their senses.
• ICONIC LEARNERS- These learners learn best through printed visuals and
auditory. Their level of cognition is quite honed that they can absorb slightly
abstract concepts.
• SYMBOLIC LEARNERS- Abstract Concepts and Ideas can easily be managed by
a symbolic learner. They can quickly respond to any abstract instruction and
form a mental image about something. An Enactive Learner would ambiguously
respond to abstract scenarios while a Symbolic learner can comprehend it fully.

8. THE ELEVEN
BANDS OF
EXPERIENCES

9. 1. DIRECT PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCES- Most concrete learning
experiences and direct to the learner. Hands-on activities, doing
the real thing, and presenting a realia is an example of this.
2. CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES- Due to avaibility and cost effecitivity
of some realias and the possibility of bringing them inside the
class is unimaginable, we can use alternatives such as Models
and Mock-ups. Re-enacting the real thing also considered as
Contrived Experiences, just like Classroom Election of Officers.
3. DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES- This learning experience is mostly
appealing and fun in terms of implementation.

10. 4. DEMONSTRATION- This is showing to your students how to achieve a
certain task with series of steps, then letting them take in the process.
5. STUDY TRIPS/FIELD TRIPS- In case you want to study concepts in
which materials can’t be contained inside the class but possibly to visit,
then study trip experience will best cater your students.
6. EXHIBITS- Exhibits are tagged also as collection of Mock-ups and
Models contained in an area. These are usually “foryour-eyes” only but
some are manipulative in nature.
7. EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION- This is also called as the “window of
reality” as it lets you view some of the happenings in the past. It
consists of continuously moving pictures paired with an audio.

11. 8. MOTION PICTURES- In contrary to Educational Television, Motion
Pictures are series of continuously moving pictures but without an audio
resemblance.
9. RECORDINGS, RADIO, STILL PICTURES- This type of experiences let’s
you hone your imaginative skill and the senses involved in this stage
were too minimal.
10. VISUAL SYMBOLS- Charts, Illustrations, Photographs, etc, are some
examples of this phase.
11. VERBAL SYMBOLS- The most abstract and indirect learning
experience of them all.

12. a picture
reinforces the
concept!
Images reveal large
amounts of data, remember:
use one or more images
instead of long texts

13. “What I hear, I forget;
What I see, I remember;
What I do, I understand.”

14. “Tell me and I forget.
Teach me and I
remember.
Involve me and I
learn.”
-Benjamin Franklin

15. Thank You for
Listening