This document discusses various types of visual symbols that can be used in teaching, including drawings, cartoons, strip drawings, diagrams, charts, graphs, and maps. It provides examples and definitions of different types of diagrams, charts, graphs, and maps, such as affinity diagrams, tree diagrams, fishbone diagrams, time charts, flow charts, organizational charts, pie graphs, bar graphs, and different types of maps. The overall purpose is to explain how these visual symbols can be helpful teaching tools and to showcase different examples of each type.

1. Reported by:
Joy ann barredo and
Nestor Catalan jr

2. INTRODUCTION
From an experience of real-world
experience we proceed to a world of
symbols. Here, we don’t see real things
but symbols. Visual symbols include
drawings, cartoons, strip drawings,
diagrams, formulas, charts, graphs,
maps, globes.

3. ABSTRACTION
Your experience of the words and the graphs convinces you
that a graph is easier to understand than the words of a
paragraph. A graph is “worth a thousand words”. They are
more clearly understood than mere words. Let us learn more
about each of them and find out where they can be used in
our lessons.

4. A.DRAWINGS
A drawing may not be the real thing but
better to have a concrete visual aid than
nothing. To avoid confusion, it is good that our
drawing correctly represents the real thing.

5. Example of Stick Drawing

6. B. CARTOONS
Another useful visual symbol
that can bring novelty to our
teaching is the cartoon. A first-rate
cartoon tells it’s story
metaphorically. The perfect cartoon
needs no caption. The less the artist
depends on words, the more
effective the symbolism.

7. Example of Cartoon

8. C. STRIP DRAWINGS
These are commonly called
COMICS or COMIC STRIP. Dale
(1969) asserts that a more accurate
term is STRIP. Make use of strips that
are educational and entertaining at the
same time.

9. Example of Strip
Drawing

10. D. DIAGRAMS
It is “any line drawing that shows
arrangement and relations as of parts to
the whole, relative values, origins and
development, chronological fluctuations,
distribution, etc.”

11. Types of diagrams
Find out what these other diagrams are. You may ne
them as you teach and as you go about your other
teaching-related tasks.

12. 1. Affinity diagram-used to cluster complex apparently
unrelated data into natural and meaningful groups.
2. Tree diagram- used to chart out increasing detail, the
various tasks that must be accomplished to complete a
project or specific objective.
3. Fishbone diagram- it is also called cause-and-effect
diagram. It is a structured form of brainstorming that
graphically shows the relationship of possible causes and
sub causes directly related to an identified effect/ problem.

13. Example of Affinity
Diagram

14. Example of Tree
Diagram

15. Example of Fishbone Diagram

16. E. CHARTS
A chart is a diagrammatic
representation of relationships
among individuals within an
organization. We have a: 1. time
chart, 2. tree chart, 3. flow chart,
4. organizational chart, 5.
comparison and contrast chart, 6.
pareto chart and 7. gannt chart.

17. Types of Charts
1. Time Chart- is a tabular time chart that represents data in
ordinal sequence.
2. Tree or Stream Chart- depicts development, growth and change
by beginning with a single course.
3. Flow Chart- is a visual way of charting or showing a process
from beginning to end. It is means of analyzing a process. By
outlining every step in a process, you can begin to find
inefficiencies or problem. (Latta, 1994)
4. Organizational Chart- shows how one part of the organization
relates to other part of the organization.
5. Comparison and contrast Chart- used to show similarities and
differences between two things (people, places, events, ideas, etc.)
6. Pareto Chart- is a type of bar chart, prioritized in descending
order of magnitude or importance from left to right. It shows at a
glance which factors are occurring most.
7. Gannt Chart- is an activity time chart.

18. Example of Time
chart

19. Example of Tree or Stream Chart

20. Example of Flow
Chart

21. Example of Organizational Chart

22. Example of Comparison and Contrast
Chart

23. Example of Gannt
Chart

24. Example of Pareto Chart

25. F. GRAPHS
There are several types of graphs. They are: 1. circle
or pie graph, 2. bar graph, 3. pictorial graph.
1. Pie Graph- recommended for showing parts of
whole.
2. Bar Graph- used in comparing the magnitude of
similar items at different ties or seeing relative size of
the parts of a whole.
3. Pictorial Graph- makes use of picture symbols.

26. Example of Pie Graph

27. Example of Bar
Graph

28. Example of Pictorial
Graph

29. Example of Graphic Organizer

30. G. MAPS
A map is a “representation of the surface of the earth or
some part of it.” (Dale, 1969). There three kinds of map,
physical, relief, commercial, and political map.
1. Physical Map- combines in a single projection data like
altitude, temperature, rainfall, precipitation, vegetation,
and soil.
2. Relief Map- has three dimensional representations and
show contours of the physical data of the earth or part of
the earth.
3. Commercial or Economic Map- also called product or
industrial map since they show land areas in relation to
the economy.
4. Political Map- gives detailed information about country,
provinces, cities and towns, roads and highways.

31. Example of Physical Map

32. Example of Relief Map

33. Example of Commercial Map

34. Example of Political Map