This document discusses structures of modification in language. Modification occurs when one word modifies or changes the meaning of another word, called the head. Nouns are most commonly modified by adjectives, with the adjective preceding the noun. Nouns can also modify other nouns. Adverbs frequently modify verbs, either preceding or following them. Common examples of modification structures provided include "happy daydreams", "lottery ticket", and "hastily left".

1. STRUCTURES OF
MODIFICATION

2. MODIFICATION
• happens when one word
modifies/changes another word
(called the HEAD) by describing it
or limiting it in some form

3. • NOUNS are the most common
head of a structure of modification
with adjectives as modifiers, usually
preceding the noun
MODIFICATION

4. • NOUNS can also act as modifiers in
the noun-noun combination.
• Another common structure is the
adverb-verb pair where you have
the adverb either preceding the
verb or following it.
MODIFICATION

5.  Happy Daydreams- adjective + noun
 Lottery ticket- noun + noun
 Hastily left- adverb + verb
MODIFICATION
ADJECTIVE, ADVERB, NOUN= MODIFIER
VERB OR NOUN- HEAD
LIMITS OR DESCRIBES

6. Adjective as Head

7. The word that is mostly used as modifier of
adjective is a qualifier such as very, rather,
pretty, etc.
Example:
The sound was loud enough
She is very pretty.
QUALIFIER AS ADJECTIVE MODIFIER

8. Examples:
very, quite, rather, somewhat, more, most,
less, least, too, so, just, enough, indeed,
still, almost, fairly, really, pretty, even, a bit,
a little, a (whole) lot, a good deal, a great
deal, kind of, sort of.
QUALIFIER AS ADJECTIVE MODIFIER

9. Examples:
very, quite, rather, somewhat, more, most,
less, least, too, so, just, enough, indeed,
still, almost, fairly, really, pretty, even, a bit,
a little, a (whole) lot, a good deal, a great
deal, kind of, sort of.
QUALIFIER AS ADJECTIVE MODIFIER

10. 1. Jhon said “Time is gold.”
2. She walked slowly and whispered “I like
you “ in my ears.
3. “Denis is busy!” said Mary.
4. The teacher said to the child “Get my
chair.”
5. “He fixed the problem.” Jay answered.
1 WHOLE ( ANSWERS ONLY)

11. 6. “I don’t know the answer.” She admitted.
7. “I can eat all that.” Henry boasted.
8. She said “ I had taken French before.”
9. “ I bought an ice cream.” James said.
10. “I was eating in the canteen, Jake.” he
said.

12. 1. Jhon said “Time is gold.”
Jhon said that time is gold.
UNIVERSAL TRUTH – No change in tense

13. She walked slowly and whispered “I like
you “ in my ears.
She walked slowly and whispered in my
ears that she liked me.
I becomes SHE PRESENT will become
YOU becomes ME PAST TENSE

14. “Denis is busy!” said Mary.
Mary exclaimed that Denis was busy.
PRESENT will become
PAST TENSE

15. The teacher said to the child “Get my
chair.”
The teacher ordered the child to get her
chair.
IMPERATIVES will use INFINITIVES

16. “He fixed the problem.” Jay answered.
Jay answered that he had fixed the
problem.
PAST TENSE will become PAST PERFECT

17. “I don’t know the answer.” She admitted.
She admitted that she didn’t know the
answer.
PRESENT TENSE will become PAST TENSE

18. “I can eat all that.” Henry boasted.
Henry boasted that he could eat all those.
CHANGE in TENSE
CAN will become COULD
THAT becomes THOSE

19. She said “ I had taken French before.”
She said that she had taken French
before.
CHANGE IN PRONOUN.
NO CHANGES SINCE IT IS ALREADY IN
PAST PERFECT

20. “ I bought an ice cream.” James said.
“James said that he had bought an ice
cream.
CHANGE IN PRONOUN.
SINCE IT IS IN PAST, CHANGE IT TO
PERFECT PAST

21. “I was eating in the canteen, Jake.” he said.
He told Jake that he had been eating in the
canteen.
Since he was talking to someone, we use
TOLD.
MAKE THE TENSE PERFECT PAST
CONTINUOUS