This document discusses various digital modulation techniques. It begins by defining modulation as adding information to a carrier signal. It then distinguishes between analog and digital modulation. Digital modulation modulates an analog carrier signal with a discrete signal, and can be considered as converting digital-to-analog and vice versa. Some key digital modulation techniques discussed include amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), phase shift keying (PSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and differential phase shift keying (DPSK). Metrics for comparing digital modulation techniques include power efficiency, bandwidth efficiency, and implementation cost-effectiveness.
This presentation covers:
Some basic definitions & concepts of digital communication
What is Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ?
Binary Phase Shift Keying – BPSK
BPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages & Disadvantages of BPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages of Pi/4- QPSK
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
It is a digital representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to, and then represented by, binary data.
This presentation covers:
Some basic definitions & concepts of digital communication
What is Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ?
Binary Phase Shift Keying – BPSK
BPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages & Disadvantages of BPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK
Pi/4 – QPSK transmitter & receiver
Advantages of Pi/4- QPSK
Frequency-Shift Keying, also known as FSK is a type of digital frequency modulation. It is also often called as binary frequency shift keying or BFSK
Similar to analog FM, it is a constant-amplitude angle modulation.
This presentation will discuss the concepts behind FSK
It is a digital representation of an analog signal that takes samples of the amplitude of the analog signal at regular intervals. The sampled analog data is changed to, and then represented by, binary data.
Base band transmission
*Wave form representation of binary digits
*PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM systems
*Detection of signals in Gaussian noise
*Matched filter - Application of matched filter
*Error probability performance of binary signaling
*Multilevel base band transmission
*Inter symbol interference
*Eye pattern
*Companding
*A law and μ law
*Correlation receiver
Introduction to basics of wireless networks such as
• Radio waves & wireless signal encoding techniques
• Wireless networking issues & constraints
• Wireless internetworking devices
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ... QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation): a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.
Base band transmission
*Wave form representation of binary digits
*PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM systems
*Detection of signals in Gaussian noise
*Matched filter - Application of matched filter
*Error probability performance of binary signaling
*Multilevel base band transmission
*Inter symbol interference
*Eye pattern
*Companding
*A law and μ law
*Correlation receiver
Introduction to basics of wireless networks such as
• Radio waves & wireless signal encoding techniques
• Wireless networking issues & constraints
• Wireless internetworking devices
The most fundamental digital modulation techniques are based on keying: PSK (phase-shift keying): a finite number of phases are used. FSK (frequency-shift keying): a finite number of frequencies are used. ... QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation): a finite number of at least two phases and at least two amplitudes are used.
This slide describe the techniques of digital modulation and Bandwidth Efficiency:
The first null bandwidth of M-ary PSK signals decrease as M increases while Rb is held constant.
Therefore, as the value of M increases, the bandwidth efficiency also increases.
Single mode fibers are smaller in core diameter than multi mode fibers and offer much greater bandwidth. The most common type of single mode fiber has a core diameter of 8 to 10 μm and is designed for use in the near infrared (the most common are 1310nm and 1550nm).
digital down-converter (DDC) converts a digitized real signal centered at an intermediate frequency (IF) to a basebanded complex signal centered at zero frequency. In addition to downconversion
what is modulation and types of it, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, Phase modulation, Digital to Analog , Analog to Digital, Amplitude Shift Keying, Frequency Shift Keying, Phase Shift Keying
This includes Digital signal data transmission, Base band and band pass transmission. Also detailed with PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM, ASK, PSK, FSK.
Comparative Study and Performance Analysis of different Modulation Techniques...Souvik Das
A comparative study and performance analysis of different modulation
techniques which shows graphically and comparative results Channel Noise
with Bit Error Rate of ASK, FSK, PSK and QPSK.
Image compression: Techniques and ApplicationNidhi Baranwal
This presentation involves a mathematical view of image compression having a brief introduction of its theory,major techniques along with their algorithm and examples.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. WHAT IS MODULATION
• Modulation = Adding information to a carrier signal
• The sine wave on which the characteristics of the information signal are
modulated is called a carrier signal
5. TYPES OF MODULATION
ANALOG MODULATION: If the variation in
the parameter of the carrier is continuous in
accordance to the input analog signal the
modulation technique is termed as analog
modulation scheme
DIGITAL MODULATION: If the variation in the
parameter of the carrier is discrete then it is
termed as digital modulation technique
7. DIGITAL MODULATION
• In digital modulation , an analog carrier signal is
modulated by a discrete signal
• Digital modulation can be considered as digital-
to-analog and the corresponding demodulation
as analog-to-digital conversion
• In digital communications, the modulating wave
consists of binary data and the carrier is
sinusoidal wave
9. AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING
In ASK, the amplitude of the signal is changed in
response to information and all else is kept fixed
Bit 1 is transmitted by a signal of one particular
amplitude. To transmit 0,we change the amplitude
keeping the frequency constant
10. FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING
In FSK, we change the frequency in response to
information
one particular frequency for a 1 and another
frequency for a 0
11. PHASE SHIFT KEYING
In PSK, we change the phase of the sinusoidal carrier to
indicate information. Phase in this context is the starting
angle at which the sinusoidal starts
One phase change encodes 0 while another phase
change encodes 1.To transmit 0,we shift the phase of the
sinusoid by 180
12. M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUE
In binary data transmission, send only one of two
possible signals during each bit interval Tb
In M-ary data transmission, send one of M
possible signals during each signaling interval T
In almost all applications, M = 2n and T = nTb,
where n is an integer
Each of the M signals is called a symbol
These signals are generated by changing the
amplitude, phase, frequency, or combined forms
of a carrier.
Thus, we have: MASK MPSK MFSK MQAM
13. QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEYING
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying can be
interpreted as two independent BPSK systems
, and thus the same performance but twice the
bandwidth efficiency
The phase of the carrier takes on 1 of 4 equally
spaced values where each
value of phase corresponds to a unique pair of
message bits
14. QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION
If both the amplitude and the phase are varied
proportional to the information signal,
quadrature amplitude modulation results.
Combination of phase shifting and amplitude
shifting
15. DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT KEYING
For the perfect detection of a phase modulated
signal, the receiver needs a reference signal
but if differential encoding and phase shift
keying are made together at the transmitter
the technique is called as Differential Phase
Shift Keying
For the transmission of a symbol 1, the phase
is unchanged whereas for transmission of
symbol 0, the phase of the signal is changed
by 180
16. In DPSK, the phase shift is with reference
to the previous bit transmitted rather than
to some constant reference signal
CONTD..
17. METRICS FOR DIGITAL MODULATION
POWER EFFICIENCY
Power efficiency is a measure of how much signal
power should be increased to achieve a particular bit error
rate (BER) for a given modulation scheme
Ability of a modulation technique to preserve the fidelity of
the digital message at low power
Designer can increase noise immunity by increasing
signal
power
BANDWIDTH EFFICIENCY
Ability to accomodate data within a limited bandwidth
Tradeoff between data rate and pulse width
Easy to implement and cost-effective to operate.