information you need for the AIR test

1. Cellular Respiration NotesCellular Respiration Notes

2. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
 Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration – the– the process byprocess by
which cells take glucose (storable energy)which cells take glucose (storable energy)
and turn it into ATP (useable energy).and turn it into ATP (useable energy).
 ATP = Adenosine TriphosphateATP = Adenosine Triphosphate
 Cells only run on ATP, like a car only runsCells only run on ATP, like a car only runs
on gasoline.on gasoline.

3. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
 As you can see cellular respiration hasAs you can see cellular respiration has
many steps and choices depending onmany steps and choices depending on
what’s available to the cell.what’s available to the cell.

4. Types of Cellular RespirationTypes of Cellular Respiration
 A cell can make energy (ATP) twoA cell can make energy (ATP) two
different ways.different ways.
 1. Anaerobic Respiration-1. Anaerobic Respiration- is the processis the process
of making ATP without oxygen.of making ATP without oxygen.
 2. Aerobic Respiration2. Aerobic Respiration- is the process of- is the process of
making ATP in the presence of oxygen.making ATP in the presence of oxygen.

6. Steps of Cellular RespirationSteps of Cellular Respiration
 1. Glycolysis1. Glycolysis – one glucose (6 carbon– one glucose (6 carbon
molecule) is broken in half to produce twomolecule) is broken in half to produce two
pyruvic acid molecules (3 carbons apiece)pyruvic acid molecules (3 carbons apiece)..
 Takes place in the cytoplasm ofTakes place in the cytoplasm of ALL cellsALL cells
 Requires 2 ATP to startRequires 2 ATP to start
 4 ATP are produced (net gain 2 ATP)4 ATP are produced (net gain 2 ATP)

8. Steps of Cellular RespirationSteps of Cellular Respiration
 Now, what does the cell do with the pyruvicNow, what does the cell do with the pyruvic
acid…… it depends what kind ofacid…… it depends what kind of
environment the cell is in.environment the cell is in.
 If there is no Oxygen available the cell willIf there is no Oxygen available the cell will
take the pyruvic acid and go throughtake the pyruvic acid and go through
Anaerobic respiration.Anaerobic respiration.
 2A. Anaerobic Respiration2A. Anaerobic Respiration
 FermentationFermentation – is a type of anaerobic– is a type of anaerobic
respiration where cells convert pyruvicrespiration where cells convert pyruvic
acid into another molecule,acid into another molecule, withoutwithout
oxygen.oxygen.

9. Steps of Cellular RespirationSteps of Cellular Respiration
 Types of FermentationTypes of Fermentation::
 If it’s a plant cell the plant cell goesIf it’s a plant cell the plant cell goes
through Alcohol Fermentation.through Alcohol Fermentation.
 1.1. Alcohol FermentationAlcohol Fermentation – turns pyruvic– turns pyruvic
acid into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxideacid into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
(CO(CO22), only in plant cells.), only in plant cells.
 Yeast used to make beer and wineYeast used to make beer and wine
 Bread making – COBread making – CO22 makes bread rise, ethylmakes bread rise, ethyl
alcohol evaporates during bakingalcohol evaporates during baking

10. Steps of Cellular RespirationSteps of Cellular Respiration
 If it’s an animal cell, the cell goesIf it’s an animal cell, the cell goes
through Lactic Acid Fermentationthrough Lactic Acid Fermentation
 2.2. Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation – turns– turns
pyruvic acid into lactic acid, only inpyruvic acid into lactic acid, only in
animal cells.animal cells.
 Fungi or bacteria used to make yogurt or cheeseFungi or bacteria used to make yogurt or cheese
 Strenuous exercise causes lactic acid build up inStrenuous exercise causes lactic acid build up in
muscle cells (ouch!)muscle cells (ouch!)

13. Steps of Cellular RespirationSteps of Cellular Respiration
 2B. Aerobic Respiration2B. Aerobic Respiration – cellular– cellular
respiration that requires oxygen (Orespiration that requires oxygen (O22));; takestakes
place in the mitochondria, cells turnplace in the mitochondria, cells turn
pyruvic acid into/produces 36 ATP.pyruvic acid into/produces 36 ATP.
 Overall equation for Cellular RespirationOverall equation for Cellular Respiration::
 CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O+ 6O22  6CO6CO22 + 6H+ 6H22O + energy (ATP)O + energy (ATP)

14. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
 The mitochondriaThe mitochondria
allows the cell toallows the cell to
create ATP morecreate ATP more
efficiently.efficiently.
 If you look at theIf you look at the
bottom right picture,bottom right picture,
you can see that ayou can see that a
mitochondria has lotsmitochondria has lots
of folds inside (like aof folds inside (like a
maze).maze).

15. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
 All of these foldsAll of these folds
create more surfacecreate more surface
area (like Thylakoidsarea (like Thylakoids
in chloroplast), whichin chloroplast), which
allow it to make moreallow it to make more
ATP.ATP.
 More surface area =More surface area =
more ATP producedmore ATP produced

17. Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
 Anaerobic Respiration: Total 4 ATP (Net 2 ATP)
 Aerobic Respiration: Total 38 ATP (Net 36 ATP)
 Cellular Respiration FormulaCellular Respiration Formula::
 CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O+ 6O22 –> 6CO–> 6CO22 + 6H+ 6H22O + ATPO + ATP