The document outlines the scientific method process. It begins with forming a hypothesis to explain an observation, such as predicting that adding salt to water will allow a golf ball to float. An experiment is then designed to test the hypothesis, with a control group (golf ball in plain water) and experimental group (golf ball in saltwater). Data is collected from both groups and analyzed to determine if it supports or disproves the original hypothesis. If repeated experiments continue to support the hypothesis, it may eventually become a scientific theory.

1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD

2. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• If you put a golf ball in a beaker of water will it float?
• No, it will not. But if you put a golf ball in a beaker of
saltwater will it float?
• Yes, it will, why?
• Your explanation would be called a Hypothesis
• Hypothesis – a statement that explains observations and
can be tested.
• Not a prediction

3. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• How much salt is required to make the golf ball float
(tablespoons).
• Hypothesis?
• Ex. In 200 ml of water it will take 5 dissolved
tablespoons of salt to make the golf ball float.

4. STEPS
• Experiment – process of testing a hypothesis by
gathering data under controlled conditions.
• All experiments have 2 groups:
• 1. Control Group
• 2. Experimental Group
• For our example: Golf ball in a beaker of water would be the control
group and the experimental group is the golf ball in the beaker of
water that is getting salt added to it, to make it float.
• Compare the control group and experimental group
(identical except for one factor).

5. EXPERIMENT PARTS
• Independent variable – factor that is different between
the control group and experimental group.
• Ex. the amount of salt in the water
• Dependent variable – an observed or measured factor in
both groups.
• Ex. how much the golf ball floats

6. DATA TYPES
• Observing – using the 5 senses to perceive
objects or events.
• Inference – conclusion made on the basis of
facts rather than direct observations
• Ex. If you see smoke you think

7. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
• Sampling – using part of a population to represent the
whole (needs to be large and random).
• Ex. 1,000 people, a sample would be 200.

8. EXPERIMENT PART
• Analyzing Data – determine if the data is reliable, does it
support or disprove the hypothesis.
• A good scientist tries to disprove his hypothesis.

9. TYPES OF CONCLUSIONS
• Theory – a broad and comprehensive statement
of what is thought to be true.
• Formed after repeated testing of hypotheses thru
experiments.