Business process reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical areas like cost, quality, service, and speed. It focuses on redesigning processes, not functions, departments, or tasks. Reengineering is necessary during times of high competition and demand when organizations need to be more efficient and flexible. It allows companies to eliminate unnecessary work and become more customer-focused. Examples of successful reengineering include reducing order delivery times by 40% and doubling profits by eliminating $200 million in inventory. Reengineering has also helped Indian organizations improve processes like customer ordering, manufacturing, and marketing to better meet customer needs.

1. Business ProcessUnit – IIIMCA I YearBusiness Process Reengineering1Roy Antony Arnold GLecturer / CSEInfant Jesus College of EngineeringTuticorin, Tamilnadu, India

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3. What is a Business Process?“A business process is a collection of activities which together produce something of value to a customer” – e.g. Customer Order Entry3

4. DefinitionReengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.4

5. 5What to reengineer?BPR changes processes, and not functions, departments, geographies or tasks.

6. What it is not?Reengineering is not reorganizing. Modifying how an organization is structured and redesigning an organization’s business processes are two different things.An organizational structure should be designed so that it best supports redesigned business processes.Reengineering is not downsizing either.Downsizing focuses on the reduction of workforce to achieve short-term cost savings. Reengineering, on the other hand, focuses on rethinking from the ground up, finding more efficient ways of working including eliminating work that is unnecessary.6

7. New EraOld EraHigh CompetitionHigh DemandInnovationSpeedService &QualityEfficiencyControlReasons for Reengineering7

8. Examples8

9. Examples9

10. Benefits of ReengineeringThe rewards of reengineering are many including:empowering employees;eliminating waste, unnecessary management overhead, and obsolete or inefficient processes;producing often significant reductions in cost and cycle times;enabling revolutionary improvements in many business processes as measured by quality and customer service; andhelping top organizations stay on top and low-achievers to become effective competitors.10

11. Business Process ReengineeringImperative for Survival

12. Methodology

13. Steps11

14. Reengineering – survival studyIntroduction:The number of firms is increased to close – because of a) Inefficiency b) too Inward Looking c) inflexibility 12

15. - continuedSimilar changes occurred in developed and developing nations also and still facing a similar challenge.Example:Ford Motor Company faced business extinction at one time and found the paths to renewed success and inspires others.Business Reengineering– Process thro’ which the continuous success and survival is indicated (by Americans).Term is invented by Michael Hammer.13

16. Reengineering Imperative in USAThe business climate made reengineering necessary in the United States.US gave great industrial philosophers like Adam Smith and Henry Ford. But at one time their business was also in trouble. This situation arises because of three main reasons. They are,a) The Assembly line model of production, where customer waited in line for delivery b) Competition within the country is very low.c) Global competition was largely non-existent.To recover from this situation, FORD changed from their ProductionSupremacy to Supplier primacy, when the Model T Ford released in the market. Henry Ford said “I will give the customer any color of car he wants – so long as it’s black.”14

17. -continuedJapanese organizations entered into America (after War) Japanese were too smart, they move small market into world markets with extraordinary quality and manufacturing philosophy. They cut out unnecessary waste such as,Safety stock InventoriesMultiple suppliersExternal InspectionHigh QualityLow cost in regular basis15

18. JAPANESE PARADIGMUS adopted the Japanese paradigm because of :They recognized that economy of scale is not as important as economy of time. So, the entire approach was to be flexible and respond quickly to changing customer needs.They opted for flexibility and multi- skilling techniques in work culture and this created the ability to respond. i.e. discard old and narrow focused to new innovations in work.Customer’s response become the primary objective rather than the growth alone.16

19. Reengineering scenario in EuropeIn Europe,Quiet Transformations are taking place vitally.For example,(eg1):-Lubricants division of a large oil company has cut its order delivery time to 40% ( from 6weeks to 19 days).- Eliminated $200 millions in inventory and doubled its profits.- It aims in overall reduction in operating expenses to 35%.For example (eg2:) : In Rover car company, - aims to fulfill 90% of customer orders. - He used around nine key business processes. - New product introduction - Only European car-maker to reverse the falling output and sales trends during first five months of 1993.17

20. Imperative in India The first country realized the value of destruction and destroyer.Quality competitions byISO 9000 and TQMComputerization of processesMany reasons for lacking:Blaming technology by system professionalsUsers blame technology and system professionalsTop management blames both users and system professionals.Consultants blame all others. 18

21. Global environment is pulling Indian organizations into - Customer orientation - quick response time - quality imperatives - cost minimizationConclusion: - environmental pull - technology push - Economic liberalization19

22. Cant do redefine their mission and objectives clinically reassess the key business processes achieve improvements in process efficiency and effectiveness thro’ BPR.Examples: - HP, Pepsi abroad, Federal Express20