This document discusses different types of brick bonds used in masonry construction. It begins by explaining the necessity of bonds, including strengthening the wall, distributing load uniformly, and ensuring quality work. It then describes 12 common bond types such as stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. Each bond type is defined through text and diagrams of wall plans and elevations. The document also covers requirements for good bonds and examples of L-joints and T-joints in different bond configurations.

1. Brick Walling and joints
Ar. Sahil Pahal

2. Bond in Brick Masonry
It is the arrangement of bricks in each layer to avoid the continuity of vertical joints
in any two adjacent courses.
Necessity of Bonds:
Bond in brickwork is provided for the following reasons:
• To break the continuity of vertical joints in consecutive courses,
• To ensure longitudinal and lateral strength of the masonry work,
• To distribute the load uniformly over the structural mass,
• To ensure the quality of work,
• To ensure systematic work,
• To provide good aesthetics,
• To economize the work.

3. Requirements of Good Bond In Brick Work
• Bricks should be uniform in size.
• Mortar thickness should be consistent.
• Vertical joints in alternate courses should be in a single plumb line.
• Header should be exactly in the middle of stretcher in two consecutive
courses.
• Brick bats should be avoided to the maximum.

4. Types of bonds:
1. Stretcher Bond
2. Header Bond
3. English Bond
4. Flemish Bond
5. Facing Bond
6. English Cross Bond
7. Brick On Edge Bond
8. Dutch Bond
9. Raking Bond
10. Zigzag Bond
11. Garden Wall Bond
12. Rat-trap Bond

5. 1. Stretcher Bond
also known as Running Bond
• In this bond all the bricks are
laid as stretchers on the faces
of walls.
• This pattern is used only for
half brick thick walls i.e. 9cm,
such as partition walls,
sleeper walls, division walls or
chimney stacks.
• This bond is not possible if the
thickness of wall is more.

6. Isometric view of L-junction
Plan of 1,3,5…. courses
Plan of 2,4,6…. courses

7. 2. Header Bond
• It is the bond in which all the bricks
are laid as headers on the faces of
walls.
• The pattern is used only when the
thickness of the wall is full brick i.e.
18 cm.
• There is use of three-quarter bats in
each alternate courses as quoins.
• This bond usually suitable in case of
curved walls but is not preferred for
straight walls as it does not have
strength in the direction of the wall.
Elevation
Plan of 1,3,5…. courses
Plan of 2,4,6…. courses

8. Isometric View Of L-junction Plan Of 1,3,5…. Courses Plan Of 2,4,6…. Courses
Three Quarter Bats
Three Quarter Bats

9. 3. English Bond
• This is the most commonly used
bond, for all wall thicknesses. This
bond is considered to be the
strongest.
• This bond consists of alternate
courses of headers and stretchers.
• In order to break vertical joints in
the successive courses, it is
essential to place queen closer
after the first header (Quoin
header) in each heading course.

10. Plan of 2,4,6…. coursesPlan of 2,4,6…. courses
Plan of 1,3,5…. courses
Plan of 1,3,5…. courses

11. 4. Flemish Bond
• In this type of bond, each course is
comprised of alternate headers and
stretchers.
• Each alternate course starts with a
header (Quoin header) at the corner.
Quoin closers are placed next to the
quoin header in alternate courses to
develop the face lap.
• Every header is centrally supported
over the stretcher below it.

13. 5. Facing Bond
• This bond is used where bricks of different sizes are to be used in the facing and backing of
the wall.
• In this bond a header course is
provided after several stretcher
courses.

14. 6. English Cross Bond
• This is a modification of English
bond, used to improve the
appearance of the wall.
• In this bond, alternate courses of
headers and stretchers are
provided as in English bond.
• Queen closers are placed next to
quoin headers.
• A header is introduced next to the
quoin stretcher in every alternate
stretcher course.
Elevation
Plan of 2,4,6….courses
Plan of 1,5,9…..courses
Plan of 3,7,11…..courses

15. 7. Brick on Edge Bond
(Silverlock’s Bond or
Soldier’s course)
• This bond is inspired by English
bond but in this bond the
stretcher courses are replaced by
laying the brick on edges and
header courses laid on the beds.
• Queen closer is provided after
quoin header in the header
course.
• This type of bond is weak in
strength but economical so
usually used as garden walls,
compound walls etc.
Plan of 1,3,5….courses
Elevation
Plan of 2,4,6….courses

16. 8. Dutch Bond
• This is another modified form of
English Bond. In this bond the
corners of wall are strengthened
by adding three-quarter bat as
quoin for every stretcher course.
• Alternate courses are of headers
and stretchers are provided as in
English Bond.
• In every stretcher course, a
header is placed next to the
three-quarter brick quoin.

17. 9. Raking Bond
• This bond is used in thick walls. In this
type of bond, the bonding bricks are
kept at an inclination to the direction
of the wall.
• Due to this, the longitudinal stability
of thick wall built in English bond is
increased.
• The bricks are arranged in inclined
direction, in the space between the
external stretchers of the wall.
• The raking or inclination should be in
opposite direction in alternate courses
of raking bond.
Diagonal Bond

18. • Raking bond is not provided in
successive courses. It is provided at a
regular interval of four to eight
courses in the height of a wall.
• The raking course is generally
provided between two stretcher
courses of the wall having thickness
equal to even multiple of half-bricks,
to make the bond more effective.
Types of Raking Bond:
a) Diagonal Bond
b) Herring-bone Bond
Herring bone Bond

19. 10. Zigzag Bond
• This bond is similar to herring-bone
bond, except that the bricks are laid in
zigzag fashion.
• This bond is commonly used for
making ornamental panels in the brick
flooring or walls.

20. 11. Garden Wall Bond
• This type of bond is used for the construction of garden walls, boundary walls,
compound walls, where the thickness of the wall is one brick thick and the height
does not exceed two meters.
• This type of bond is not so strong as English bond but is more attractive.
• It is sometimes used in the construction of outer leaves of cavity walls.
Garden wall bonds are of three types:
(i) Garden wall English bond
(ii) Garden wall Flemish Bond
(iii) Garden wall Monk Bond

21. 11.1 Garden Wall English Bond
• In this bond, the header course is
provided only after three to five
stretchers courses.
• In each header course, a quoin
header is provided to provide
necessary lap.
• In stretcher courses, quoin headers
are placed in alternate courses.

22. 11.2 Garden wall Flemish Bond
• In this bond each course contains one
header after three to five stretchers
continuously placed, throughout the
length of the course.
• Each alternate course contains a three-
quarter brick bat placed next to the
quoin header.
• This bond is also known as Scotch bond
or Sussex bond.

23. 11.3 Garden wall Monk Bond
• This is special type of garden wall
Flemish bond in which each course
contains header after two successive
stretchers.
• Every alternate course contains a
quoin header followed by a three-
quarter bat.

24. 12. Rat trap Bond
• This bond gives the same appearance
as of Flemish bond but in this bond all
the bricks are laid on there edges
instead of beds.
• This bond uses less no of bricks in
compare to the conventional
techniques.
• It also provides the thermal insulation
due to the presence of void in between.

26. L-Joints:
1.English Bond

27. 2. Double Flemish Bond

28. 3. Single Flemish Bond

29. T-Joints:
1.English Bond

30. 2. Flemish Bond
2a. External Wall in Flemish Bond
and internal in English Bond
2b. External and internal Walls in Flemish Bond