Brick masonry involves constructing walls by bonding bricks together with mortar. There are different types of bonds used including stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. English bond is the most common, which involves alternating courses of stretchers and headers with queen closers placed after the first header to break vertical joints. Proper bonding is important to impart strength and prevent weaknesses in the masonry wall. Terminology involved includes courses, stretchers, headers, beds, arrises, laps, perpends, quoins, and different types of bats and closures.
Purpose of brick bonds
Types of bonds in Brick Masonry in Civil Engineering
Types of bonds in brick masonry with Application
Advantages and Disadvantages of each type
Purpose of brick bonds
Types of bonds in Brick Masonry in Civil Engineering
Types of bonds in brick masonry with Application
Advantages and Disadvantages of each type
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
the most common constituent of sand is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.
A detailed presentation on the components, parts , types , usage and application of bricks in brick masonry structures useful for civil engineering students
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
the most common constituent of sand is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.
A detailed presentation on the components, parts , types , usage and application of bricks in brick masonry structures useful for civil engineering students
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
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bonding in brick work is arranging of bricks into either columns or wall. the individual brick units are tied to together and vertical joints of the the successive courses do not lie on the same vertical line.to obtain maximum strength throughout the wall column or pier
Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the over all masonry construction.
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
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4. Introduction
Theterm “Masonry” isusedto indicated the art of building the
structuresin either StonesorBricks.
Theformer type iscalled “StoneMasonry”
Thelater type iscalled “Brick Masonry”
The basic advantage of the masonry for the load bearing
structuresisthat it performs a variety of functionslike:
Affording architectural effect,
Granting fire and weather protection,
Providing acousticand thermal insulation,
Subdividing space,
Supporting loads, etc.
5. Brick masonry is made up of bricks bonded together with mortar.
Therefore two essentialrequirements of brick masonryis:
Bricks:
Bricksusedin masonrycanbe of two types
Traditional / Country bricks (23 x 11.4 x 7.5 cm)
Standard size(19 x 9 x 9 cm)
Some times bricks are also manufactured into special shapes and
sizes for architectural purposes e.g. copings, cornices, sting courses,
sloping walls etc.
Mortar:
It is a mixture containing a binding agent (cement / lime),
aggregate and water thus acquiring stone like properties as a
result of hardening.
Mortars are usedfor filling joints asa binder in stoneand brick
masonry,for preparation of decorative and protective plasters.
6. Basic definitions
Course:
Acourseisa horizontal layer of bricks orstones.
Stretcher:
Stretcheristhe longer face of the brick (19 cmx 9cm)
A course of bricks in which all the bricks are laid as stretches on facing is
knownasa stretchercourseor stretchingcourse.
Header:
Header isthe shorterface of the brick (9cmx 9cm)
Acourseof bricks in whichall the bricks are laid asheadersonthef
acingis
knownasheader courseor headingcourse.
Bed:
It isthe lower surface of brickswhenlaid flat and thusit isperpendiculart
o the
line of pressure. It indicates the lower surface of bricks or stones in each
course.
Arrises:
Arrisesare the edges formed by the intersectionof plane surfacesof a brick.
Theyshouldbe sharp, square and free from damage.
7. Basic definitions
Lap:
It isthehorizontal distancebetweenthevertical jointsof successivebrick
courses.
Perpend:
Perpend is an imaginary vertical line which includes the vertical joint
separating two adjoining bricks.
Quoin:
Quoin is a corner or their external angle on the face side of a wall.
Generally quoin’s are at right angles, but in some cases their angles can
be greater than90o also.
Bed joints:
Bedjoints are horizontal layer of mortar uponwhichbricksare laid.
Racking back:
It isthe termination of a wall in a stepped fashion.
T
ooting:
It is the termination of the wall in sucha fashion that each alternate course
at the end projects, in order to provide adequate bond if the wall is
continuedhorizontally at a later stage.
8. Basic definitions
Quoin brick:
Thebrick, whichformsthe external corner of a wall isknowna
s
“Quoin brick”.
Quoin header:
A corner header, in the face of wall, whichisa stretcher in t
h
e
• side wall isknownas“Quoinheader”.
Quoin stretcher:
Acorner stretcher in the face of a wall, whichisheader int
h
e
• side wall isknownas“Quoin stretcher”
10. Basic definitions
Bat:
It isthe portion of brick cutacrossthe width and hencea bat is
smaller in length than the full brick.
The following are SOME OF the types of bats used in brick
masonry, which are defined by considering its relation to the
length of a brick
Half bat: If the length of brick isequal to half the length of the
original brick, it isknownashalfbat.
Three-quarters bat: If the length of the brick isequal to three
quarters of the length.
Bevelled bat: If the bat hasitswidth bevelled thenit is called
bevelled bat.
Bullnose: Abrick with a rounded angle istermed asbull nose.
12. Basic definitions
Closer: A piece of brick which is used to close up the bond at
the end of brick courses, is known as closer and helps in
preventingthejointsofsuccessivecoursestocomeinavertical line.
Generally the closer is not specially moulded. Butit is prepared
by the masonwith the edge of trowel.
Thefollowing are someof the types of closure
Queen closer: Thisis obtained by cutting the brick longitudinally i
n two
equal parts. It can also be made from two quarter bricks, known as the
quarter closers, to minimize the wastage of bricks. A queen closure is
placed near the quoinheader to obtain the necessarylap.
King closer: Thisis obtained by cutting a triangular portion of t
h
e brick
such that half of header and half of stretcher are obtained on the
adjoining cut faces. A king closure is used near the door and window
openingsto get satisfactory arrangement of mortar joints.
13. BEVELED
CLOSER
It is a form of king closer in which the whole length of the
brick (i.e. stretcher face) is chamfered or beveled in such a
way that half width is maintained at one end and full
width ismaintained at the other end.
MITRED CLOSER
It is a portion of a brick whose one end is cut splayed or
mitred for full width. The angle of splay may vary from
450 to 600. Thus one longer face of the mitred closer is of
full length of the brick while the other longer face is
smaller in length.
20. English Bond
Flemish Bond
Stretching Bond
Heading Bond
Garden Wall Bond
Facing Bond
Raking Bond
Dutch Bond
English Cross-Bond
Zig-Zag Bond
Silverlock’s bond
Types of Bond
21. Why bond is necessary ???
• Eliminates continuous vertical joints
• Imparts strength to the masonry
• Defective arrangement reduces strength &
durability
• A wall having continuous vertical joints does
not act as homogeneous mass
23. Bonds
Since masonry consists of a large number of individual
units jointed together with mortar soas to form one mass, it
is necessary to lay the units in sucha way that, under load,
the unitsact jointly.
Themostimportant rule to be observed in this connection is
that vertical cross-joints in any course should be staggered
and these should not be nearer than a quarter of brick
length from thosein the coursebelow or above that course.
24. Typesof Bonds in Brickmasonry
Thereare a numberof brick laying arrangements in vogue-called
‘bonds’, of whichthosecommonlyusedare:
‘Stretcher bond’,
‘Header bond’,
‘English bond’,
‘Double & Single Flemish bond’,
Garden-wall bond,
English garden wall bond
Flemish garden wall bond
Raking bond,
Herring bone bond
Diagonal bond
English cross bond and
Dutch bond.
26. Stretcherbond
Inthistype of bond, all the bricks are arranged in the stretcher
courses.
Thestretcherbondisusefulfor one-brick partition walls; cavity
walls asthereare noheadersin such walls.
As this bond does not develop proper internal bond, it should
not be used for walls having thickness greater than one-brick
wall.
Stretcher bond in the brick isthe simplest repeating pattern.
29. Header bond
In this type of bond, all the bricks are arranged in header
courses.
The overlap is usually kept equal to half the width of brick and
it is achieved by using three-quarters brickbats in each
alternate coursesasquoins.
This bond does not have strength to transmit in the direction of
length of wall. Henceit isnot suitable for load bearing walls.
However this bond is used for curved surfaces in brickwork
because stretchers, if used for curved surfaces, would project
beyondthefaceof wall.
32. English Bond
Inthisbond, bricks in thefacing are laid asalternate header
and stretcher courses.
The header course is commenced with a quoin header followed
by a queen closer and continued with successive headers. The
stretcher course is formed of stretchers, having a minimum lap
of onequarter brick length.
This bond is considered to give the best strength in masonry
and is mostly adopted in all load bearing masonry that is to be
plastered over.
Inthis bond whenthe wall is only one brick thick, one face is fair
and even, while the other face may be uneven due to slight
variations in length and breadth of units.
33. Contd…
If the wall thickness is an even multiple of half-brick, the same
course shows headers or stretchers in both front and back
elevations. But if the wall thickness is an uneven multiple of half-
brick, a courseshowingstretcher ontheface elevation and header
on the back elevation and vice versa is seen.
Aheadercourseshouldneverstat witha queencloseras it is liable
to get displacedin this position.
Thequeenclosersare not required in thestretcher courses.
In the stretcher course, the stretchers have a minimum lap of one-
fourth of their length overthe headers.
For walls having thickness of two bricks or more, the bricks are
laid as stretchers or headers only on the face courses of the wall.
Theinteriorfillingisdoneentirelywiththeheaders.
34. Isometric view of English Bond
1 brickthick wall
Queen
Closer
Header
Course
Stretcher
Course
Header
Course
Stretcher
Course
Directionof
Elevation view
43. Introduction
In every course, headers and stretchers are placed
alternatively.
The queen closer is put next to the quoin header in
alternate coursesto develop the face lap.
Every header is centrally supported over a stretcher
below it.
TheFlemishbond maybe divided into two groups:
DoubleFlemishbond
SingleFlemishbond
44. Double Flemish bond
Indouble Flemish bond, the headersandstretchersareplaced
alternatively in front aswell astheback elevations.
For this type of bond, the half bats and three-quarter bats will
have to be used for wall thickness equal to odd number of half
bricks.
For wall thickness equal to even number of half bricks, no bats
will be required and a stretcher or header will come out as
stretcher or a header in the same course in front as well as back
elevations.
Thisbond gives betterappearance than theEnglish bond. But it
is not so strong as the English bond as it contains more number
of stretchers.
50. Single Flemish bond
In Single Flemish bond, the face elevation is of Flemishbond
and thefilling aswell asbacking are of English bond.
Thus, in this type of bond, an attempt is made to combine the
strength of the English bond with the appearance of the
Flemishbond. Thistype of bond is usedwhenexpensive bricks are
usedfor thefacework.
But in order to construct this bond, a wall of minimum
𝟐
thickness 1𝟏
bricks is required.
56. Comparison of English bond vs Flemishbond
English bond Flemish bond
Compact and stronger for walls
especially of thickness more than
1½ bricks.
Less Stronger & compact
than English bond.
Lesspleasing appearance More attractive & pleasing
Costismore Slightly Economical. (as it uses
broken brick bats, although it
requires some extra mortar for
additional joints)
No strict supervision required. Good Workmanship and
careful supervision
required.
58. Advantages of brick masonry
The brick masonry is cheaper as compared to
stone masonry.
Bonding strength is very good.
In brick work , the mortar joints are thin and
hence the structure becomes more durable.
No complicated lifting devices are necessary in
brick work.
Brick work can be done by the less skilled
labours also.
In Brick work good quality of bricks posses
good fire resistance.
Due to regular size of bricks they are
easy to handle.
59. Defects in brick masonry
Sulphate attack
Sulphate salts present in bricks work react with alumina
content of cement .
It occur in boundary walls
Crystallization of salts from bricks
Occur in masonry made out of brick which contain excessive
soluble salts
This phenomenon is also known as efflorescence.
Corrosion of embedded iron or steel
Iron or steel embedded in brick work gets corroded in the
presence of dampness
On corrosion the metal expands in volume and tends to
crack the brick work.
60. English bond
In general practice this type of bond is used.
It consists of alternate courses of headers and
stretchers .
Considered as strongest bond in brick work
For breaking vertical joints queen closer is placed after first
header
Heading course should never start with a queen closer
Stretchers should have a minimum lap of ¼ their length
over the header
Even number of half brick walls present same
appearance
For odd number we see stretcher on one face and header on
other
In thick walls, the middle portion is entirely filled with
header
63. Flemish bond
•Each course consists alternate
headers and stretchers.
•Not as strong as English bond.
•Alternate course starts with a header
at the corner.
•For breaking of vertical joints , closers
are inserted in alternate courses next
to the quoin header.
65. FLEMISH BOND
Every course consists of header and stretcher
Header are centered over stretcher
Every alternate course start with header
Closers are inserted next to the quoin
66. Single flemish bond:
Combination of english and flemish bond
In a course, facing is flemish and backing is
english
Cannot be adopted in walls having thickness
less than one and half brick
Provided for the attractive appearance of the
flemish bond
67. Double Flemish bond:
Each course presents the same appearance both in the
face and back of the wall
Every course consists of headers and stretchers
alternately
Best suited for consideration of economy and
appearance
This type of bonding is comparatively weaker than
English bond
