Brick masonry involves constructing walls by bonding together brick units with mortar. The strength of brick masonry depends on factors like the quality of bricks, mortar, bonding method, and workmanship. There are different types of bonds used in brick masonry like English bond (alternating header and stretcher courses), Flemish bond (headers and stretchers alternately within each course), and Stretcher bond (all bricks laid as stretchers). Proper use of bonds, materials, and construction techniques provides strong, durable brick masonry walls.

1. Brick masonry

2. Brick masonry
• Construction of brick units bonded together with mortar is known
as brick masonary
• Strength of brick masonry depends on
– Quality of brick ,
– Quality of mortar
– Method of bonding
– Workmanship
– Mortar used may be – cement mortar , lime mortar , composite mortar ,
mud mortar
– Types of brick :
– 1.standard modular brick
– 2.traditional brick

3. • Standard modular brick :
• Size fixed by ISI –
• Actual size : 19x9x9 cm
• Nominal (with mortar joints): 20x10x10 cm
• Traditional brick :
• As standard modular bricks are not being
manufactured and not used in construction
, metric dimension of our old traditional
bricks have fixed
• Size :
• Actual size : 22.9x11.2x7.0 cm
• Nominal size : 22.9x11.4x7.6 cm

4. Brick

5. Terms in masonary
• Stretcher: A unit laid with its length parallel to the face of the wall
• Header: A brick laid flat with its width parallel to the face of the wall

6. Terms in masonary
• Header course :
course of brick work
showing only headers
on the face
• Stretcher course :
course of brick work
showing only
stretcher on the face

7. • Course : a horizontal layer of bricks or
stone
• Bond : term applied to the
overlapping of brick or stone in
alternate course of the wall to avoid
continuous vertical joints
• Face: it is surface of a wall exposed to
weather
• Facing : the material used in the face
of the wall
• Back : the inner surface of the wall ,
which is not exposed to weather

8. • Backing : material used in forming the
back of wall
• Hearting : the inner portion of wall
between facing and backing
• Joint : junction of nearby brick or stone
• It may be – cement mortar or lime
mortar
• Joints parallel to bed of brick – bed
joints
• Bed joints are horizontal mortar joints
upon which masonary units are laid
• Vertical mortar joints upon which two
near by bricks are laid is known as Head
joint

9. • Racking back : process of
stopping unfinished end of wall
in stepped fashion.
• Bat:
• Portion of brick cut across the
width
• Half bat
• Quarter bat
• Beveled bat

10. • Closer : portion of brick cut in such a
manner that its one long face remain
uncut
• King closer : brick which is cut in such
a way that width of one of its end is
half that of the full brick
• Queen closer : portion of brick which
is half as wide as the full brick / to cut
brick in length wise in to two portion

11. • Beveled closer : similar to king closer
with the whole length of brick is
beveled for maintain half width at one
and full width at the other end
• Mitred closer : it is a brick whose one
end is cut splayed for the full width

12. • Toothing : brick left
projected in alternate
course for the bonding
purpose for future
masonry work
• Frog : it is a depression
made on the top face of
the brick to work as key
for mortar for bonding
purpose.

13. BONDS IN BRICK MASONARY

14. Types of bond
1. Stretcher bond
2. Header bond
3. Facing bond
4. English bond
5. Flemish bond
6. Dutch bond
7. English cross bond
8. Raking bond
9. Zigzag bond
10. Garden wall bond

15. Stretcher bond
• A stretcher is the longer
face of the brick as seen in
the elevation.
• In this arrangement of
bonding, all the bricks are
laid as stretchers

16. • The overlap, which is usually of
half brick, is obtained by starting
each alternate course with a half
brick bat.
• Stretching bond is used for half
brick wall only.
• This bond is also termed as
running bond and is commonly
adopted in the construction of
half brick thick cavity walls,
partition walls, etc.
• Since there are no headers,
suitable reinforcement should be
used for structural bond.

17. Header bond
• In this type of bonding all
the bricks are laid as
headers on the faces.
• The overlap, which is
usually-of half the width
of the brick is obtained
by introducing a three-
quarter bat in each
alternate course at
corner.

18. • This bond permits better
alignment and as such it is
used for walls in curved or
straight shape.
• This bond is mainly used for
footings in foundations for
better transverse/sloping
distribution of load.

19. Facing bond
• This arrangement of bricks is
adopted for thick walls.
• Adopted where the facing and
backing are required to be
constructed with bricks of
different thickness.
• this bond consists of header
and stretcher courses so
arranged that one header
course comes after several
stretcher courses.

20. • Since the number of joints in the backing and the facing differ
greatly, the load distribution is not uniform.
• This may sometimes lead to unequal settlement of the two
thickness of the wall.

21. English bond
• In this bone consist of one
headers and one
stretchers course
alternatively.
• This is considered to be
the strongest bond.
• Hence it is commonly used
bond for the walls of all
thicknesses.

22. • To break continuity of vertical joints a brick is cut lengthwise into
two pieces and used in the beginning and end of a wall after first
header. This is called queen closer.

23. Flemish bond
• For this type of bond, each
course is made up of
alternate headers and
stretchers.
• Each header is centered on
a stretcher above and
below and every alternate
course begins with a
header in the corner.
• Not such a strong as English
bond

24. • For breaking the vertical
joints in the successive
courses, quoin closers
are introduced in
alternate courses next to
the quoin header.
• This bond can be
significantly sub-divided
into two types:
• Single Flemish Bond
• Double Flemish Bond

25. • Single Flemish Bond –
• This is combination of both
English and Flemish bond.
• Facing of the work consists
of Flemish bond while
backing is in English bond.
• This bond can not be
constructed in walls less
than 1 1/2 brick thickness.
• This bond ensures attractive
appearance and full
strength to the walls.

26. • Double Flemish Bond
• This bond consists of
headers and stretchers laid
alternately in each course.
• presents the same look both
in facing and backing.
• This bond is economical and
good in appearance.
• But this bond is weaker than
English bond because it
consists of a large number of
short continuous vertical
joints.

27. Dutch bond
• A modified form of the
English cross bond which
consists of alternate
courses of headers and
stretchers.
• In this arrangement of the
brick bond, every single
stretching course begins
at a corner with a 3-
quarter bat

28. • Every alternate stretching
course has a header set next
to the 3-quarter bat brick
provided at the corner.
• This bond is perfect to
construct strong corners
along the wall which are
subjected to excess loads.

29. English cross bond
• This is similar to English Bond
and consists of alternate courses
of headers and stretchers but
queen closer in this bond are
used next to corner headers.
• This is a strong bond and gives a
good elevation.
• In this each alternate stretching
course consists a header placed
next to queen stretcher.

30. Raking bond
• Used for thick wall.
• This is a bond in brick work in
which the bonding bricks are
laid at any angle other than
zero or ninety degrees.
• This arrangement helps to
increase the longitudinal
stability of thick walls built in
English bond.

31. • In this arrangement of bonding,
the space between the
external stretchers of a wall is
filled with bricks inclined to
the face of the wall.
• This bond is introduced at
certain intervals along the
height of a wall.
• There are two common forms
of raking bond:-
(a)Herring hone bond
(b) Diagonal bond.

32. Zigzag bond
• This type of bond is best
suited for very thick
walls usually not less
than four bricks thick.
• In this arrangement of
brick work, bricks are
laid in a Zig Zag fashion
in two directions from
the centre.
• This bond is also
commonly used for brick
pavings.

33. Garden wall bond
• This bond is suitably adopted
for one brick thick wall which
may act as Garden Wall or
Boundary wall.
• This is not so strong as English
bond.
• It compose of 3 to 4 course of
stretcher and then one header
course.
• this type of bond it is possible
to build uniform faces for a
wall without much labour or
expense.

34. • On account of its good
appearance, this bond
is sometime used for
the construction of
outer face of cavity
walls.
• There are two types of
Garden wall bond –
– English Garden
Wall Bond
– Flemish Garden
Wall Bond.