This document discusses different types of brick bonding used in wall construction. It describes English bond as having alternating courses of headers and stretchers with closers overlapping at corners for strength. Flemish bond alternates headers and stretchers in each course with closers overlapping. Other bonds discussed include header bond for curved walls, stretcher bond for thin walls, garden wall bond, rat trap bond, and stacked bond. Proper brick bonding is important for the strength and appearance of brick walls.

3. INTRODUCTION
The manner in which bricks are arranged in a wall is obviously of
great importance to the appearance and strength.
In the fig.1, it represents an angle of a 14-inch brick wall.
Incorrect way of arranging bricks
Fig1

4. Correct arrangement of bricks : This picture shows the
correct arrangement of bricks showing the overlapping of
bricks due to insertion of closer next to the corner brick.
This makes the wall to act as a homogeneous body
This process of overlapping is called "BONDING.“

5. DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF BONDING
The following are the principal forms of bonding :
• English
• Double Flemish
• Single Flemish
• Heading
• Stretching
• Rat trap bond
• Garden Wall

6. RULES FOR GOOD BRICK BONDING
• Uniform in size.
• Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.
• Bats are used as little as possible.
• The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers, that is,
across the wall.
• The lap not more than 2 and one-fourth inches.
• The vertical joints in every other course should be
vertically over one another.

7. ENGLISH BOND
 The facing bricks are laid in alternate courses of headers
and stretchers.
Queen-closer inserted next to quoin-headers to produce
overlap.
 English bond is the strongest.
a. Avoids continuous vertical joints.
DISADVANTAGE:
 Penetration of damp through transverse joints.
 Appearance not as good as Flemish bond.

9. FLEMISH BOND
Double Flemish is shown in the
figure.
 The headers and stretchers
alternate in each course.
 The lap is produced by placing a
queen-closer next to the quoin-
header in every course.
Flemish bond is weaker than
English bond. Fig.3
1.Double Flemish bond
2. Single Flemish bond

11. Single Flemish Bond: is a species of bond in which
 Placement of double Flemish bond on the face of the walls.
 The rest of the wall is built in English bond.
 Used for walls requiring a good appearance and strength.
 Not employed for wall less than 1 and a half bricks thick.
ADVANTAGES OF FLEMISH BOND:
 It is highly economical.
 Walls one brick in thickness are easier to produce a fair face on both
sides in Flemish than in English bond.
 The appearance of Flemish bond is more appealing to eye than that
of English bond.

12. HEADING OR HEADER BOND
 Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers.
 Used for round quick sweeps, as in Fig. 4.
 Should never be used in straight work, as it is very weak
Fig.4

13. STRETCHING OR STRETCHER BOND
 Bricks are laid in stretchers, as in the figure below.
 Used in walls of half-brick in thickness.
 Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is also called
Chimney Bond.

14. GARDEN-WALL BOND
 Used for 9 inch walls.
 Used when a fair face is required on both sides.
 Wall is composed of three or four courses of stretchers alternating
with one of headers, as in the figure below.

15. RAT TRAP BOND
 It is made by placing the bricks on their sides having a cavity of 4″
(100 mm)
 Alternate course of stretchers and headers.
 It is still used in India as an economical bond.

16. THE ADVANTAGES OF RAT TRAP BOND:
It is highly economical because:
 Can make a wall of one brick thickness with fewer bricks than a solid
bond.
 Strength is equal to the standard 10 (250 mm) brick wall, but″
consumes 20% less bricks.
 Cost saving on material is 26% as compared to the traditional 10″
brick wall.
 Maintains thermal comfort inside the building due to air medium.
 Bricks aligned on both sides, plastering not required.
 It is quite strong as building constructed about 40 years ago still does
not show any signs of distress.

17. Stretcher Bond

18. HEADER

19. Stacked Bond - Bricks stacked on top of each other in vertical rows

20. Rowlock -
laid on face,
end visible
Stretcher - long dimension horizontal
& face parallel to the wall
Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel

21. CONCLUSION
Therefore we see that the manner of overlapping bricks
for construction of wall is called Brick Bond. Many types of
bonds are used in different ways for construction of brick
walls or brick pillars. Good brick bonds can ensure the
strength of a building and aesthetic beauty of brick walls,
brick pillars and entire brick works depends on the quality
of bonds. Thus Bond in Brickwork is of utmost importance.