Architecture

1. BOND IN BRICK-WORK:
• Types of bonds in brick masonry wall construction are classified
based on laying and bonding style of bricks in walls.
• The bonds in brick masonry is developed by the mortar filling
between layers of bricks and in grooves when bricks are laid
adjacent to each other and in layers in walls.
• Mostly used material for bonds in brick masonry is cement
mortar. Lime mortar and mud mortar are also used.

2. Course : Each horizontal layer of bricks laid in mortar in any
brick work is called coarse.
BASIC TERMS:

3. Mortar Joints: Mortar placed horizontally below or on the top of
a brick is called a bed.
• Mortar placed vertically between bricks is called a perpend.
Arris: it is the edge of the brick

4. STRETCHER: A brick laid with its long narrow side exposed.
HEADER: A brick laid flat with its width at the face of the wall.
SOLDIER: A brick laid vertically with the long narrow side of the brick
exposed.
SAILOR: A brick laid vertically with the broad face of the brick
exposed.

5. Shiner: a brick laid on the long narrow side with the broad side
exposed.
Rowlock or Bull Header: a brick laid on the long, narrow side with
the small or "header" side exposed.

6. RULES FOR GOOD BRICK BONDING
• Uniform in size.
•Bricks arranged uniformly throughout the wall.
• Bats (Bat is the portion of the brick cut across the width. Thus, a bat
is smaller in length than the full brick) are used as little as possible.
•The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers, that is, across the
wall.
• The lap (lap is the horizontal distance between the vertical joints of
successive brick courses) not more than 2 and one-fourth(1/4) inches.
•The vertical joints in every other course should be vertically over one
another.

7. TYPES OF BOND :
1. ENGLISH BOND
2. FLEMISH BOND
3. HEADER BOND
4. STRETCHER BOND
5. FACING BOND
6. ENGLISH CROSS BOND
7. BRICK ON EDGE BOND
8. DUTCH BOND
9. RACKING BOND
10. GARDEN WALL BOND

8. 1.ENGLISH BOND :
•Bricks are laid in alternate courses of headers and stretchers.
• There is a chance of penetration of damp through transverse joints.
• Queen closures are inserted next to headers to produce overlap.
• English bonds are the strongest but it is to be noted that the continuous
vertical joints are to be avoided.
• Appearance is not as good as Flemish bonds.

9. 2.FLEMISH-BOND:
• This bond has one stretcher between headers, with the headers
centered over the stretchers in the course below.
• When a course begins with a stretcher, the course will ordinarily
terminate with a stretcher at the other end.
•Brickwork that appears as Flemish bond from both the front and rear is
Double Flemish bond.
•Not such a strong as English bond

10. RAT TRAP BOND

11. 3.HEADER BOND :
•Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers.
•Used for round quick sweeps .
•Should never be used in straight work as it is very week.
•This bond is used for facing of curved surface and footings in foundations.

12. 4.STRETCHER BOND
•Bricks are laid in stretchers.
•Used in walls of half – brick in thickness.
•Due to its constant occurrence in the last position it is also called
Chimney Bond, Running Bond.
•This bond doesn’t develop proper internal bond.

13. 5.FACING BOND :
• This bond is used where bricks of different sizes are to be used in
the facing and backing of the wall.
• In this bond a header course is provided after several stretcher
courses.

14. 6.ENGLISH CROSS BOND
• This is a modification of English bond, used to improve the
appearance of the wall.
• In this bond, alternate courses of headers and stretchers are
provided as in English bond.
• Queen closers are placed next to quoin headers.
• A header is introduced next to the quoin stretcher in every alternate
stretcher course.

18. RAKING BOND :
• This is a bond in brick work in which the bonding bricks are laid at any
angle other than zero or ninety degrees.
• This arrangement helps to increase the longitudinal stability of thick
walls built in English bond.
• In this arrangement of bonding, the space between the external stretchers
of a wall is filled with bricks inclined to the face of the wall.
• This bond is introduced at certain intervals along the height of a wall.
• There are two common forms of raking bond :
(a) Herring hone bond
(b) Diagonal bond.

19. HERRING-BONE BOND :
• Bricks are arranged at 45° in two opposite direction from centre
of wall
•Suitable for wall thickness = > 4 bricks
• Used in ornamental finish of face work and brick
DIAGONAL BOND :
•Bricks are arranged at 45° to stretcher course
•Triangular pieces are used near the sides
• Suitable for wall thickness = 2 to 4 bricks

21. 10.Zig-Zag Bond:
•It is like Herring bone bond
• Laid in the Zigzag Manner
• Used in the ornamental Panels in brick flooring