The document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCI), which allow direct communication between the human brain and external devices. It provides a brief history of BCI research starting in the 1970s. BCI can be invasive, semi-invasive, or non-invasive depending on how sensors are implanted. Invasive BCIs provide the most accurate signals but also carry the most risk. The document outlines several applications of BCI including helping paralyzed patients control prosthetics and wheelchairs. While BCI provides benefits, it also faces challenges such as high costs, slow speeds, and potential virus risks.