The document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which connect the human brain to computers to allow for direct control of devices, particularly beneficial for individuals with severe disabilities. It covers the principles, objectives, types, historical development, limitations, and future applications of BCIs. The conclusion emphasizes the transformative potential of BCIs in enhancing the quality of life for paralyzed individuals.

1. VIPIN YADAV
B.Tech (CSE)
Vth Sem
BRAIN
COMPUTER
INTERFACE
Submitted By:
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2.  What is Brain-Computer Interface?
 Principle behind BCI
 Objective of BCI
 Types of BCIs
 History
 Implementation
 Software behind BCI
 Applications
 Limitations
 Future Concerns
 Conclusion
 References
CONTENTS
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3. INTRODUCTION
•
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing emergent technology, in
which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain
and the computer.
•
A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a collaboration in which a brain
accepts and controls a mechanical device as a natural part of its
representation of the body.
• Computer-brain interfaces are designed to restore sensory function,
transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain through
artificially generated electrical signals.
When it is implemented in brain the electrical signal exchanged by
neurons within the brain are sent to the computer and then the computer is
controlled by person.
•
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4.  It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor
cortex of the brain and a device that analyses brain
signals. The signals generated by brain are interpreted
and translated into cursor movement on computer
screen to control the computer.
 It consists of a silicon array about the size of an Aspirin
tablet that contains about 100 electrodes each thinner
than a human hair.
Principle Behind BCI
 Principles of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-
time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
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6.  The goal of the Brain-Computer Interface is to develop a fast and reliable
connection between the brain of a severely disabled person and a personal
computer .
 The ‘Brain Gate’ device can provide Paralyzed or motor-impaired patients a
mode of communication through the translation of thought into direct
computer control.
Objectives of BCI
 Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) translate deliberate intentions and associated
changes in brain activity into action, thereby offering patients with severe paralysis
an alternative means of communication with and control over their environment.
Such systems are not available yet, partly due to the high performance standard
that is required.
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8.  Invasive BCI
Invasive BCIs are implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain
during neurosurgery.
 Non Invasive BCI
Most non-invasive BCI systems use Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals; i.e.,
the electrical brain activity recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp.
 Semi Invasive BCI
Semi invasive BCI devices are implanted inside the skull but rest outside
the brain rather than within the grey matter.
Types of BCI
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9.  Research on BCIs has been going on for more than 20 years, but from
the mid-1990s there has been a dramatic increase in working
experimental implants.
 Brain-Computer Interface was commercially developed by the bio-tech
company Cyberkinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the Department
of Neuroscience at Brown University.
History of BCI
 First, let's step back in time to recognize some fascinating accomplishments
in BCI history1: 1924 : Hans Berger, a German neuroscientist, discovers the
electrical activity of the human brain with EEG.
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10.  A more difficult task is interpreting the brain signals for
movement in someone who can't physically move his own arm.
With a task like that, the subject must "train" to use the device.
 With animplant in place, the subject would visualize closing his
or her disabled hand. After many trials, the software can learn to
recognize the signals associated with the thought of hand-
closing.
 Software connected to a robotic hand is programmed to receive
the "close hand" signal and interpret it to mean that the robotic
hand should close. At that point, when the subject thinks about
closing the hand, the signals are sent and the robotic hand
closes.
IMPLIMENTATION
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11. Fig.1 Fig.2
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12.  The technology is comprised of four main components; a signal capture
system, a signal processing system, a pattern recognition system, and a
device control system.
 The signal capture system includes the electrodes themselves and the
isolated electronic amplifiers
 The signal processing system includes the algorithms for the linear prediction
of the signal.
 The pattern recognition system often used to be composed of neural networks
as to recognize which neurons are producing these signals.
 Interfaces have been developed tocontrol different devices .
SOFTWARE Behind BCI
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14.  One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the development of
devices that can be controlled by thoughts.
 For a quadriplegic, something as basic as controlling a computer cursor via
mental commands would represent a revolutionary improvement in quality
of life.
 Some of the applications of this technology are also frivolous, such as the
ability to control a video game by thought , ability to change TV channels
with your mind etc.
APPLICATIONS
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16.  At present ,the biggest impediment of BCI technology is the lack of
sensor modality that provides safe, accurate, and robust access to brain
signals.
 It is very expensive.
 Information transformation rate is limited to 20 bits/min.
 Difficulty in adaptation and learning.
LIMITATIONS
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17.  LightReactiveImaging BCI devices are still in the realm of theory.
 This would involve implanting a laser inside the skull.
 The laser would be focused on a single neuron and the neuron’s
reflectance is measured by a separate sensor.
 When the neuron fires, the light pattern and wavelength it reflects would
change slightly . This would allow the researchers to monitor a single
neuron and require less contact with the tissue.
 Researchers of the Carleton University , Canada believe that the same
interface could form the basis of a mind- controlled password system.
FUTURE CONCERNS
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18.  BCI can help paralyzed people to move by controlling their own electric
wheelchairs, to communicate by using e-mail and Internet-based phone
systems, and to be independent by controlling items such as televisions
and electrical appliances.
 Conclusively, BCI has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patients.
 The results of BCI are Spectacular and almost unbelievable.
CONCLUSION
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19.  http://www.slideshare.net/itsmartin/martins-seminar-on-brain-c
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface
https://computer.howstuffworks.com/brain-computer-interface.htm
REFERENCES
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20. Any Queries….???
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