Brain Gate technology, developed by Cyberkinetics and Brown University's neuroscience department, enables communication between the brain and external devices via a brain-computer interface (BCI) that reads neural signals. A tiny chip implanted in the motor cortex translates brain activity into commands, allowing paralyzed individuals to control computers and robotic systems using thought alone. This innovation has significant implications for restoring functionality to those with spinal cord injuries, exemplified by applications like thought-controlled wheelchairs.

1. BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY
• DARSHAN G.U.
• BRANCH EEE
• BITM COLLEGE
Semi
nar
By:
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2. Brain Gate Technology developed by Bio-tech company Cyber
kinetics in 2008 in conjunction with the department of
Neuroscience at Brown University.
Development
Nicholas Halso

3. NEED OF BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY
• 300,000 Americans are spinal cord injured.
• 52% of spinal cord injured individuals are
considered Partial paralysis and 48% Total
Paralysis
• Approximately 15,000 new injuries occur each
year.
• 82% are male.
• 56% of injuries occur between the ages of 16
and 30

4. How it is possible to
read Brain Thought

5. The brain-machine interface analyzes
slight changes in the brain's blood
flow and translates brain motion into
electric signals.

6. Brain-Computer Interface
• A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a direct
communication pathway between a brain and
an external device computer interface (BCI).
• It’s also known as direct neural interface or a
brain–machine interface.
• Brain computer interface takes place as a result
of EEG
6

7. Brain Signals & Electroencephalogram
(EEG)
• EEG is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain directly from
the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain.
• No EEG signal pattern is duplicated for any two distinct actions
How EEG Works ?
• Recordes patterns by placing small metal discs called electrodes on
the scalp in certain positions
• Each electrode is labeled with a letter and a number to indicate its
position.
7
7

8. How the Signal is Produced
• EEG machines use differential
amplifiers to produce each
channel or trace of activity.
• The EEG signal itself is in the
waveform so it is required that
an analogue to digital signal
converter be employed to
produce the signal as a series of
numeric values each
representing voltage values of
each channel at a certain time
instance.
4

9. A TINY CHIP HOLDING HUNDREDS OF
ELECTRODES

10. A TINY CHIP HOLDING 100
MICROSCOPIC ELECTRODES
• The Braingate Neural Interface device consists of a tiny chip
containing 100 microscopic electrodes that is surgically
implanted in the brain's motor cortex. The whole apparatus is
the size of a baby aspirin. The chip can read signals from the
motor cortex, send that information to a computer via
connected wires, and translate it to control the movement of
a computer cursor or a robotic arm. According to Dr. John
Donaghue of Cyberkinetics, there is practically no training
required to use Brain Gate because the signals read by a chip
implanted, for example, in the area of the motor cortex for
arm movement, are the same signals that would be sent to
the real arm.

11. Primary Motor Cortex (MI)
Leg
Face
Arm
5 mm

12. WORKING
• The sensor of the size of a contact lens is implanted in
brain’s MOTOR CORTEX which control hand and arm
movements. A tiny wire connects the chip to a small
pedestal secured in the scull. A cable connects the
pedestal to a computer. The brain's 100bn neurons fire
between 20 and 200 times a second .The sensor
implanted in the brain senses these electrical signals
and passes signals to the computer through the cable.
The computer translates the signals into a
communication output, allowing a person to move a
cursor on a computer screen merely by thinking about
it.

13. Brain Gate Sensor Implantation
and Post-Op Recovery as Planned
• Surgery as planned
• Post-op recovery unremarkable
• Wound healing around pedestal
• complete
Array
on Cortex
Insertion
2 months post implant

14. Cortical neural signal extraction
imagining saying the
word ‘move’
resting

16. Brain Gate Signal Detection and
Analysis;
SCI Able to Modulate Neural Output

17. Neuro-motor prosthetic system
Computer
1) Multi-electrode array implant
2) Decoding of neural signals
3) Output interface
Personal computer:
• mouse
• keyboard
Assistive Robotics:
• robotic arm
• mechanized prosthetic arm
Biological interface:
• muscles
• peripheral nerve
• spinal cord

18. Neuromotor device

19. Two Dimensional Cursor control

20. Controlling robots by thoughts alone

21. A boon to the paralyzed
• Mathew-Nagel the first person to use the brain-
computer
• interface to restore functionality lost due to
paralysis…

22. Biggest reward
• On 7th november 2009 toyota launched it’s
wheel chair that works on thought
• It has a reaction time of 123 milliseconds

23. Wachowski brothers' movie trilogy "The Matrix," humans dive into a
virtual world by connecting their brains directly to a computer……

24. CONCLUSION
• The invention of Brain gate is such a
revolution in medical field.
WITH A BRAIN GATE YOU CAN:
Turn on or off the lights on your room
Check and read E-mails
Play games in computer
Use your PC
Watch and control your Television
Control a robotic arm

25. REFERENCES
• 1.Report on Brain Gate System by Vamsi
krishna reddy and K. Dhanya
2.D.V.R & DR.H.S. MIC COLLEGE OF
TECHNOLOGY KANCHIKACHARLA,
KRISHNA..”Mind control “journal by Cambridge
Consultants.
3.Annual report of cyber kinetics.
4.www.clinicaltrails.gov/ct2/show

26. THANK
Q