BCI is technology to communicates the human brain directly to a computer without any physical contact. BCI is a fast-growing emergent technology in which researchers aim to build a direct channel between the human brain and the computer.

1. Brain-Computer
Interface
Presented By: Jaahnvi Patel

2. Over View
 Introduction.
 What is BCI?
 Major Historical Evens.
 Component of BCI.
 Signal Extraction Techniques.
 Types of BCI
 Advantages
 Limitation in Implementation
 Conclusion.
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3. Introduction
 A BCI is a collaboration in which a brain accepts & controls a
mechanical device as a natural part of its representation of the body.
 Computer brain interface are designed to restore sensory function,
transmit sensory information to the brain, or stimulate the brain
through artificially generated electrical signals.
 BCI often called Mind Machine Interface(MMI) or Direct Neural
Interface (DNI).
 It is technology to communicate human brain directly to a computer
without any physical contact.
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4. What is Brain Computer
Interface (BCI)?
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 BCI is a direct Neural Interface or Brain-Machine Interface.
 Direct communication pathway between a brain and an external
device.
 BCI is a fast growing emergent technology in which researchers aim
to build a direct channel between the human brain and the
computer.
BCI- The Ultimate in
Human Computer
Interfacing

5. Major Historical Events.
 In 1924, Hans Berger, a German Neurologist was the first to record
human brain activity by means of EEG.
 In 1970, Research on BCI began at the University of California Los
Angeles (USA).
 1978, A proto type was implanted into a man blinded in adulthood.
 Following years of animal experimentation, the first neuro prosthetic
device implanted in humans appeared in the mid 1990s.
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6. Major Historical Events.
 2005, Matthew Nagle was one of the first person to use a BCI
to restore functionality lost due to paralysis.
 2013, Duke University researchers successfully connected the
brain of two rates with electronic interfaces that allowed them
to directly share information, in the first-ever direct brain –to
brain interface.
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7. Component of BCI
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Generation of signals from brain
Preprocessing,
Feature extraction,
Classification,
Device control.

8. Signal Extraction Techniques
◆ Different neuroimaging methods are used to derive
meaningful interpretations from the brain signals which are
captured by microelectrodes:
 EEG - Electro encephalography
 ECoG - Electro cortico graphy
 MEG - Magneto encephalo graphy
 BOLD - Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (signal)
 MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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9. Types of BCI
Invasive:
inside grey matter of brain
Partially Invasive:
inside the skull but outside the grey
matter
Non Invasive:
outside the skull, on the scalp
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10. Invasive BCI
 Electrode inserted directly
into grey matter
 Highest quality signal can
obtain
 But are prone to scar-tissue
build-up
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11. Partially Invasive BCIs
 Implanted inside the skull but rest
outside the grey matter of the brain
 Produce better resolution signals than
non-invasive BCIs where the bone
tissue of the cranium deflects and
deforms signals
 Carry lower risk of forming scar-tissue
in the brain than fully-invasive BCIs.
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12. Non-Invasive BCIs
 Low signal quality due to electrodes
are not directly interact with neurons
 It is safest as no surgery required.
 EEG is widely used for this technique
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13. Area of implementation
 Medical science
 Enabling disabled people, Vision and hearing.
 Paralysis treatment.
 Prosthetic devices (legs, hands etc.).
 Provide a means of communication to completely paralyzed
patients.
 Surgically implanted devices used as replacement for paralyzed
patients
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14. Advantages
BCIs will help creating a Direct communication between a human or
animal ‘Brain’ and ‘Computers’.
Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.
Transmit visual image to the mind of a blind person, allowing to see.
Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to
hear.
Allow a mute person o have their thoughts displayed & spoken by
computer.
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15. Disadvantage
 Research still in beginning sage.
 The current technology is crude.
 Ethical issue may prevent its development.
 Electrode outside of the scull can detect very few electric
signals from the Brain.
 Electrode placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.
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16. Limitation in Implementation
 COST require for BCI is very high.
 It is Risky, because it operates with brain.
 Effective BCI technique requires invasive method.
 Requires magnetically shielded room and special kind of helmet.
 It is SLOW
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17. Conclusion
 BCI is highly promising.
 Provide high standard of living.
 Extend our limits as BCI technology further advances, brain tissue
may one day give way to implanted silicon chips thereby creating
a completely computerized simulation of the human brain.
 For future, we can predict that, superhuman artificial intelligence
would not far behind.
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18. Thank
you
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