Ashrae standards for energy efficiency in buildingsUNEP OzonAction
This document discusses several ASHRAE standards related to building energy efficiency, including Standard 90.1, Standard 90.2, the Green Building Standard, Standard 189.1, and building energy labels. Standard 90.1 provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings, while Standard 90.2 does the same for residential buildings. The Green Building Standard and Standard 189.1 establish benchmarks for sustainable green buildings. Building energy labels provide information on a building's energy use and performance to help differentiate buildings.
Green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of resources, protection of occupant health, and reduced pollution. They prioritize siting and design efficiency, energy efficiency through solar orientation and insulation, water efficiency via collection and reuse, material efficiency using sustainable and recycled materials, and waste reduction including recycling. Green buildings are assessed using the LEED rating system, which evaluates environmental and performance aspects of construction and operation.
The document discusses the potential risks and limitations of increased commercial forest biomass extraction in Oregon. It notes that past logging practices have degraded forest habitat and water quality. Increased biomass extraction could exacerbate these issues if not done carefully. The document outlines ecological concerns, such as the high value of dead wood habitat and the fire risks created by removing large trees. It argues that economies of scale for biomass operations may conflict with sustainable forest management. The conclusion supports conservative, small-scale biomass utilization only when it facilitates forest restoration goals rather than enabling further "business as usual" logging.
USGBC LEED v3, A look at the now LEED requierments and their impact on the indoor environment. Improved Indoor Air Quality should be a common goal for all Green Buildings.
John P. Lapotaire, CIEC
Microshield Environmental Services, LLC.
www.Microshield-ES.com
The document summarizes India's energy efficiency policy and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency's initiatives. Key points include:
1) India's energy consumption has risen with economic growth, putting pressure on scarce resources. The Energy Conservation Act of 2001 established the Bureau of Energy Efficiency to promote efficiency.
2) The Bureau designates energy-intensive industries as "designated consumers" required to appoint energy managers, conduct audits, and meet efficiency standards. It has certified over 9,000 energy managers and auditors.
3) Standards and labeling programs require efficient appliances. The Energy Conservation Building Code sets efficiency standards for new commercial buildings. Initiatives include codes, awards, and efficiency recommendations for power plants.
Building simulation is the process of using a computer to build a virtual replica of a building.
The building is built from its component parts on a computer and a simulation is performed by taking that building through the weather conditions of an entire year.
In a way, building simulation is a way to quantitatively predict the future and thus has considerable value.
Building simulation is commonly divided into two categories:
Load Design,
Energy-Analysis.
The common phrase for building simulation when energy is involved is Energy-Simulation.
Green Building Envelopes 101 was given as a 2 hour presentation at the National Building Envelope Council Conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba in May 2011.
Ashrae standards for energy efficiency in buildingsUNEP OzonAction
This document discusses several ASHRAE standards related to building energy efficiency, including Standard 90.1, Standard 90.2, the Green Building Standard, Standard 189.1, and building energy labels. Standard 90.1 provides minimum energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings, while Standard 90.2 does the same for residential buildings. The Green Building Standard and Standard 189.1 establish benchmarks for sustainable green buildings. Building energy labels provide information on a building's energy use and performance to help differentiate buildings.
Green buildings aim to reduce environmental impact through efficient use of resources, protection of occupant health, and reduced pollution. They prioritize siting and design efficiency, energy efficiency through solar orientation and insulation, water efficiency via collection and reuse, material efficiency using sustainable and recycled materials, and waste reduction including recycling. Green buildings are assessed using the LEED rating system, which evaluates environmental and performance aspects of construction and operation.
The document discusses the potential risks and limitations of increased commercial forest biomass extraction in Oregon. It notes that past logging practices have degraded forest habitat and water quality. Increased biomass extraction could exacerbate these issues if not done carefully. The document outlines ecological concerns, such as the high value of dead wood habitat and the fire risks created by removing large trees. It argues that economies of scale for biomass operations may conflict with sustainable forest management. The conclusion supports conservative, small-scale biomass utilization only when it facilitates forest restoration goals rather than enabling further "business as usual" logging.
USGBC LEED v3, A look at the now LEED requierments and their impact on the indoor environment. Improved Indoor Air Quality should be a common goal for all Green Buildings.
John P. Lapotaire, CIEC
Microshield Environmental Services, LLC.
www.Microshield-ES.com
The document summarizes India's energy efficiency policy and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency's initiatives. Key points include:
1) India's energy consumption has risen with economic growth, putting pressure on scarce resources. The Energy Conservation Act of 2001 established the Bureau of Energy Efficiency to promote efficiency.
2) The Bureau designates energy-intensive industries as "designated consumers" required to appoint energy managers, conduct audits, and meet efficiency standards. It has certified over 9,000 energy managers and auditors.
3) Standards and labeling programs require efficient appliances. The Energy Conservation Building Code sets efficiency standards for new commercial buildings. Initiatives include codes, awards, and efficiency recommendations for power plants.
Building simulation is the process of using a computer to build a virtual replica of a building.
The building is built from its component parts on a computer and a simulation is performed by taking that building through the weather conditions of an entire year.
In a way, building simulation is a way to quantitatively predict the future and thus has considerable value.
Building simulation is commonly divided into two categories:
Load Design,
Energy-Analysis.
The common phrase for building simulation when energy is involved is Energy-Simulation.
Green Building Envelopes 101 was given as a 2 hour presentation at the National Building Envelope Council Conference in Winnipeg, Manitoba in May 2011.
Basically,Given PPT covers all the major topics related to "Green Building Concept". Table of Contents are:-
1. Introduction
2.Objectives
3.Fundamental Principles
4.Indian Green Building Council
5.Benefits of Green Buildings
6.Conclusions
The document summarizes the town plan for Auroville, a universal township located in Tamil Nadu, India. It describes Auroville as a place where people from any country or caste can live in peace. Currently, Auroville has a population of 2,345 people from 45 countries, with the original master plan aiming for 50,000 residents. The central concept and layout of Auroville was developed by Mirra Alfassa, with land divided into residential, industrial, international, cultural and peace zones surrounding a green belt. Infrastructure for water, waste water treatment, power generation, roads and transportation focuses on renewable resources and sustainability.
Design Concepts And Energy Management In Green Buildingmehtakandy
This document discusses building automation design concepts and energy management in green buildings. It begins with an overview of Schneider Electric, including its global presence and positioning across the energy value chain. It then covers the global energy challenge and drivers for green initiatives. The document defines green/LEED buildings and describes LEED certification categories and requirements. Finally, it discusses leading techniques for energy savings in buildings, including profile of energy demand and common energy conservation measures (ECMs) focused on building automation, lighting, mechanical equipment, electrical systems, building envelope, and water.
Material LIFE: The Embodied Energy of Building MaterialsCannonDesign
1. The document discusses research into quantifying the embodied energy of building materials. It defines embodied energy as the total energy required to manufacture, transport, and install a material.
2. The researchers developed an Excel-based calculator called Mbod-E to calculate the embodied energy of materials, assemblies, and whole building projects. They also created a design tool called Material LIFE to allow quick comparisons of materials.
3. Two case studies are presented where the researchers worked with design firms to apply their embodied energy research to real projects, analyzing material selections and their impact on overall building energy.
This document discusses green building concepts and their importance. It begins with an introduction to green buildings and their benefits, such as using less energy and resources. Next, it describes some materials used in green construction, like wool bricks and sustainable concrete. It then discusses benefits of green buildings, including environmental, economic and social advantages. Specifically, it helps reduce waste and pollution while lowering costs. In conclusion, the document outlines some examples of notable green buildings already constructed in India.
Certifcation of Building Using GRIHA Rating SystemSandeep Jain
The document is a presentation on the GRIHA rating system for the LT & Academic Complex building at IIT Delhi. It provides details of the building project and outlines the GRIHA criteria used to evaluate the building's sustainable features. It describes aspects like site planning, water and energy management, waste management, and materials used. It indicates the building scored 84 points out of 100 to achieve a 4-star GRIHA rating, recognizing its efforts in optimizing resource use, minimizing ecological impact and incorporating sustainable practices in line with GRIHA standards.
Economic evaluation and comparison between green building and conventional bu...Manthan Shah
This is a presentation on my own Project report from BE.
It is about the economic compression between green house and a conventional house.
it might be useful for Environmental engineering students or any one interested in he subject
This document provides an overview of green building standards and certification systems, focusing on LEED and related topics. It describes the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) and their LEED rating system, including the different rating systems, certification levels, credit categories and structure. It also discusses the Emirates Green Building Council (EGBC) and provides examples of LEED certified projects in the UAE. Other sections cover benefits of high performance green buildings, costs and benefits, planning for LEED certification, and tools/resources to support LEED projects.
Suzlon Energy was founded in 1995 and is now the world's fifth largest wind turbine supplier. It has operations in 33 countries and over 13,000 employees. The global wind energy market is growing rapidly, with average annual growth of 8% predicted over the next five years. Suzlon is working to make its buildings and operations carbon neutral through renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and biomass. Its Suzlon One Earth project integrates these technologies to reduce energy consumption and emissions. Renewable energy will continue growing in importance to meet energy needs in a sustainable way.
Lowcost prefebrication and infrastructure servicesAr Jitendra
The document discusses various low-cost alternative materials and infrastructure services for rural areas. It describes prefabricated construction techniques like precast concrete and ferrocement that reduce costs. It also discusses waste water disposal and drainage systems, rural road construction using burnt clay bricks, and rainwater harvesting. Other sections cover biogas plants, smokeless cookstoves, and solar cooking, which provide more sustainable energy solutions for rural communities.
Green building aims to create energy-efficient, healthy buildings with minimal environmental impact. There is a global push by governments and organizations to improve sustainability and livability through green building. Green buildings provide cost benefits like reduced operating costs and incentives, and have competitive advantages. Standards like LEED rate buildings on sustainability factors like energy use, materials, and indoor environmental quality. The presentation discusses green building strategies, technologies, benefits and certification systems.
India is a developing country. As the population grows rapidly, the development of cities is imminent. Urbanisation as an outcome of this development is being addressed here. Two case studies of medium towns are done underlining the factors of growth determining the structure of development. The objective is to learn from these experiences and make generalisations that could be helpful for the future development of many other similar towns and for developing a framework for balanced urban development in India.
This document discusses various energy efficient techniques for buildings including wall insulation, green roofs, double glazed glass, shading devices, solar panels, vertical gardening, HVAC systems, and fire suppression. It provides details on wall insulation methods, analyzing existing building insulation, window glazing options like gas filling and coatings, and compares insulation material characteristics and performance.
An energy audit is a technical assessment of an organization's energy consumption aimed at reducing wasteful usage. It involves collecting data at energy points, identifying losses, and recommending conservation measures. Certified experts use instruments to analyze equipment performance against benchmarks. This helps achieve compliance, lower costs, faster return on investments, improved productivity, reduced emissions, and a more efficient overall system. Energy audits cover industrial, commercial, and other facility types.
Auroville is an experimental township located in Tamil Nadu, India that was founded in 1968. It was envisioned as a city where people from all countries can live in peace and harmony above all creeds, politics, and nationalities. The city is planned to accommodate up to 50,000 residents and is divided into zones for industry, housing, culture, and recreation with a large green belt. Current population is around 2,160 people from over 45 nations who participate in agriculture, manufacturing, education and research to support the self-sustaining community.
17 concepts you should know to pass the LEED v4 GA ExamRob Freeman
This document provides an overview of 17 key concepts to know for passing the LEED v4 Green Associate exam. It defines concepts like Minimum Program Requirements, Integrative Project Planning, Credit Interpretation Requests, LEED Boundaries, and categories such as Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. For each concept, it provides a brief definition and relevant details about meeting the related LEED requirements. It concludes by advertising additional study materials and resources for exam preparation.
RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES AS VEHICLE FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY AND SUS...Prashant Mehta
This article shows insight into sustainable development and long term sustainability of environment through prudent use of resources besides exploring alternative resources of energy to the fullest.
The document provides information on several green buildings that have achieved certification under rating systems like GRIHA and LEED. It discusses the passive and active design strategies implemented in buildings like the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi, Centre for Environmental Sciences & Engineering at IIT Kanpur, Anna Centenary Library in Chennai and ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon that have enabled them to minimize energy and water consumption and obtain high ratings. These strategies include optimal orientation, daylighting, natural ventilation, renewable energy systems, water harvesting and efficient HVAC and lighting designs.
The document discusses various topics related to hydronic system design including:
- Common hydronic system types like primary-secondary and variable flow systems
- Key considerations for piping design like pump sizing, pressure drops, and expansion tank placement
- Examples of specific system designs for chilled water, boiler water, and complex multi-building systems
- Benefits of variable speed pumps for energy efficiency and system controllability
Usgbc leed and indoor air quality indoor air quality solutions, iaqs - john...John P. Lapotaire, CIEC.
IEQ Prerequisite 1 establishes minimum indoor air quality performance requirements to enhance indoor air quality. It requires meeting sections 4-7 of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 for mechanically ventilated spaces or complying with paragraph 5.1 for naturally ventilated spaces. The prerequisite aims to contribute to occupant comfort and well-being through minimum indoor air quality.
Basically,Given PPT covers all the major topics related to "Green Building Concept". Table of Contents are:-
1. Introduction
2.Objectives
3.Fundamental Principles
4.Indian Green Building Council
5.Benefits of Green Buildings
6.Conclusions
The document summarizes the town plan for Auroville, a universal township located in Tamil Nadu, India. It describes Auroville as a place where people from any country or caste can live in peace. Currently, Auroville has a population of 2,345 people from 45 countries, with the original master plan aiming for 50,000 residents. The central concept and layout of Auroville was developed by Mirra Alfassa, with land divided into residential, industrial, international, cultural and peace zones surrounding a green belt. Infrastructure for water, waste water treatment, power generation, roads and transportation focuses on renewable resources and sustainability.
Design Concepts And Energy Management In Green Buildingmehtakandy
This document discusses building automation design concepts and energy management in green buildings. It begins with an overview of Schneider Electric, including its global presence and positioning across the energy value chain. It then covers the global energy challenge and drivers for green initiatives. The document defines green/LEED buildings and describes LEED certification categories and requirements. Finally, it discusses leading techniques for energy savings in buildings, including profile of energy demand and common energy conservation measures (ECMs) focused on building automation, lighting, mechanical equipment, electrical systems, building envelope, and water.
Material LIFE: The Embodied Energy of Building MaterialsCannonDesign
1. The document discusses research into quantifying the embodied energy of building materials. It defines embodied energy as the total energy required to manufacture, transport, and install a material.
2. The researchers developed an Excel-based calculator called Mbod-E to calculate the embodied energy of materials, assemblies, and whole building projects. They also created a design tool called Material LIFE to allow quick comparisons of materials.
3. Two case studies are presented where the researchers worked with design firms to apply their embodied energy research to real projects, analyzing material selections and their impact on overall building energy.
This document discusses green building concepts and their importance. It begins with an introduction to green buildings and their benefits, such as using less energy and resources. Next, it describes some materials used in green construction, like wool bricks and sustainable concrete. It then discusses benefits of green buildings, including environmental, economic and social advantages. Specifically, it helps reduce waste and pollution while lowering costs. In conclusion, the document outlines some examples of notable green buildings already constructed in India.
Certifcation of Building Using GRIHA Rating SystemSandeep Jain
The document is a presentation on the GRIHA rating system for the LT & Academic Complex building at IIT Delhi. It provides details of the building project and outlines the GRIHA criteria used to evaluate the building's sustainable features. It describes aspects like site planning, water and energy management, waste management, and materials used. It indicates the building scored 84 points out of 100 to achieve a 4-star GRIHA rating, recognizing its efforts in optimizing resource use, minimizing ecological impact and incorporating sustainable practices in line with GRIHA standards.
Economic evaluation and comparison between green building and conventional bu...Manthan Shah
This is a presentation on my own Project report from BE.
It is about the economic compression between green house and a conventional house.
it might be useful for Environmental engineering students or any one interested in he subject
This document provides an overview of green building standards and certification systems, focusing on LEED and related topics. It describes the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) and their LEED rating system, including the different rating systems, certification levels, credit categories and structure. It also discusses the Emirates Green Building Council (EGBC) and provides examples of LEED certified projects in the UAE. Other sections cover benefits of high performance green buildings, costs and benefits, planning for LEED certification, and tools/resources to support LEED projects.
Suzlon Energy was founded in 1995 and is now the world's fifth largest wind turbine supplier. It has operations in 33 countries and over 13,000 employees. The global wind energy market is growing rapidly, with average annual growth of 8% predicted over the next five years. Suzlon is working to make its buildings and operations carbon neutral through renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and biomass. Its Suzlon One Earth project integrates these technologies to reduce energy consumption and emissions. Renewable energy will continue growing in importance to meet energy needs in a sustainable way.
Lowcost prefebrication and infrastructure servicesAr Jitendra
The document discusses various low-cost alternative materials and infrastructure services for rural areas. It describes prefabricated construction techniques like precast concrete and ferrocement that reduce costs. It also discusses waste water disposal and drainage systems, rural road construction using burnt clay bricks, and rainwater harvesting. Other sections cover biogas plants, smokeless cookstoves, and solar cooking, which provide more sustainable energy solutions for rural communities.
Green building aims to create energy-efficient, healthy buildings with minimal environmental impact. There is a global push by governments and organizations to improve sustainability and livability through green building. Green buildings provide cost benefits like reduced operating costs and incentives, and have competitive advantages. Standards like LEED rate buildings on sustainability factors like energy use, materials, and indoor environmental quality. The presentation discusses green building strategies, technologies, benefits and certification systems.
India is a developing country. As the population grows rapidly, the development of cities is imminent. Urbanisation as an outcome of this development is being addressed here. Two case studies of medium towns are done underlining the factors of growth determining the structure of development. The objective is to learn from these experiences and make generalisations that could be helpful for the future development of many other similar towns and for developing a framework for balanced urban development in India.
This document discusses various energy efficient techniques for buildings including wall insulation, green roofs, double glazed glass, shading devices, solar panels, vertical gardening, HVAC systems, and fire suppression. It provides details on wall insulation methods, analyzing existing building insulation, window glazing options like gas filling and coatings, and compares insulation material characteristics and performance.
An energy audit is a technical assessment of an organization's energy consumption aimed at reducing wasteful usage. It involves collecting data at energy points, identifying losses, and recommending conservation measures. Certified experts use instruments to analyze equipment performance against benchmarks. This helps achieve compliance, lower costs, faster return on investments, improved productivity, reduced emissions, and a more efficient overall system. Energy audits cover industrial, commercial, and other facility types.
Auroville is an experimental township located in Tamil Nadu, India that was founded in 1968. It was envisioned as a city where people from all countries can live in peace and harmony above all creeds, politics, and nationalities. The city is planned to accommodate up to 50,000 residents and is divided into zones for industry, housing, culture, and recreation with a large green belt. Current population is around 2,160 people from over 45 nations who participate in agriculture, manufacturing, education and research to support the self-sustaining community.
17 concepts you should know to pass the LEED v4 GA ExamRob Freeman
This document provides an overview of 17 key concepts to know for passing the LEED v4 Green Associate exam. It defines concepts like Minimum Program Requirements, Integrative Project Planning, Credit Interpretation Requests, LEED Boundaries, and categories such as Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. For each concept, it provides a brief definition and relevant details about meeting the related LEED requirements. It concludes by advertising additional study materials and resources for exam preparation.
RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATIVES AS VEHICLE FOR LONG TERM SUSTAINABILITY AND SUS...Prashant Mehta
This article shows insight into sustainable development and long term sustainability of environment through prudent use of resources besides exploring alternative resources of energy to the fullest.
The document provides information on several green buildings that have achieved certification under rating systems like GRIHA and LEED. It discusses the passive and active design strategies implemented in buildings like the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi, Centre for Environmental Sciences & Engineering at IIT Kanpur, Anna Centenary Library in Chennai and ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon that have enabled them to minimize energy and water consumption and obtain high ratings. These strategies include optimal orientation, daylighting, natural ventilation, renewable energy systems, water harvesting and efficient HVAC and lighting designs.
The document discusses various topics related to hydronic system design including:
- Common hydronic system types like primary-secondary and variable flow systems
- Key considerations for piping design like pump sizing, pressure drops, and expansion tank placement
- Examples of specific system designs for chilled water, boiler water, and complex multi-building systems
- Benefits of variable speed pumps for energy efficiency and system controllability
Usgbc leed and indoor air quality indoor air quality solutions, iaqs - john...John P. Lapotaire, CIEC.
IEQ Prerequisite 1 establishes minimum indoor air quality performance requirements to enhance indoor air quality. It requires meeting sections 4-7 of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 for mechanically ventilated spaces or complying with paragraph 5.1 for naturally ventilated spaces. The prerequisite aims to contribute to occupant comfort and well-being through minimum indoor air quality.
Based in Charlotte, North Carolina, HydroComfort is a manufacturer of safe, energy efficient heaters for customers in Canada, China, and the United States. HydroComfort is a member of ASHRAE, formally known as the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers. A global society that aims for the advancement of human well-being through sustainable technology, ASHRAE and its members focus on the development of systems that promote energy efficiency, improved air quality, and sustainability within the building industry.
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) refers to the quality of a building's environment in relation to the health and well-being of those who occupy space within it. IEQ is affected by factors like air quality, temperature, lighting, acoustics, and HVAC systems. The document discusses surveys conducted at various office and healthcare facilities to understand how physical factors of the indoor workspace affect occupants. Issues identified include weak ventilation, noise levels, and lighting concerns. Recommended solutions involve improving ventilation, adding acoustic treatments, using low-VOC paints, and zoning work areas. Maintaining good IEQ can enhance occupant health, comfort, and productivity.
This document provides an overview of Dr. Kenneth P. Roy's background and expertise in architectural acoustics and green building indoor environmental quality. It outlines his participation and leadership roles in numerous acoustical standards organizations. The document then discusses current challenges with acoustic comfort in buildings and evolving workplace designs that integrate different functional spaces. It reviews approaches to acoustic comfort in the LEED green building rating system, with a focus on offices, healthcare, and schools. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of acoustic comfort as an aspect of indoor environmental quality in building design.
This document provides an overview of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in healthcare and office buildings. It discusses factors that affect IEQ like thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting, and acoustics. Sources of poor IEQ are identified as inadequate ventilation, indoor and outdoor air pollutants, thermal discomfort, biological contaminants, and acoustic discomfort. The document also outlines the roles of various professionals in maintaining good IEQ through an integrative design process.
This document discusses indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in office and healthcare settings. IEQ refers to the state of the air and environment inside buildings that contribute to occupant health and comfort. It is determined by factors like thermal comfort, lighting, indoor air quality, and acoustics. Poor IEQ can result from inadequate ventilation, indoor pollutants, thermal discomfort, and more. Sick building syndrome describes health issues linked to time spent in a building, like headaches, fatigue, and respiratory problems. The document recommends IEQ management plans, installing proper HVAC systems, and conducting surveys to evaluate IEQ issues. It analyzes IEQ in a university office and hospital in Malaysia through occupant surveys and recommends upgrades to address
This document provides an overview of a presentation comparing the 2012 International Green Construction Code (IgCC) to LEED 2009. It includes learning objectives that explore the differences between the two rating systems, identify how LEED credits can contribute to IgCC compliance, and discuss opportunities to implement the IgCC. The document outlines key aspects of the IgCC such as its chapters and appendices. It also provides a comparison of mandatory and elective provisions in the IgCC versus LEED, and compares their requirements in areas like sustainable sites, water efficiency, and more.
Ductmate produces a wide range of ducting and air ventilation products for various industries including healthcare, food processing, and entertainment venues. Their products are designed to meet industry standards and focus on energy efficiency, indoor air quality, safety, and sustainability. Ductmate has a green philosophy and their products can significantly reduce energy consumption through minimizing air leakage from ductwork. Their sealing products and techniques help improve indoor air quality by preventing contaminants from spreading through ducting systems.
Cavitation occurs when the liquid vaporizes as it enters the impeller of a pump if the inlet pressure is too low. The vapor bubbles collapse under increased pressure as they exit the impeller, releasing energy that erodes the impeller and bearings. Cavitation can be avoided by ensuring the net positive suction head available (NPSHA) is greater than the net positive suction head required (NPSHR) for a given pump. NPSHA depends on factors like elevation, pressure, friction losses, and temperature. An example calculation demonstrates how to determine if NPSHA exceeds NPSHR to prevent cavitation for a specific pump application.
This document provides an overview of centrifugal pump training, covering:
- Centrifugal pump theory and how pumps work using atmospheric pressure
- Common pump terms like head, static head, total head, and NPSH
- How to read centrifugal pump curves and understand a pump's operating range
- The information needed to submit a pump inquiry
- How to draw system curves to select the proper pump
- Parallel and series pump operation and cavitation causes
- Explaining NPSH and the affinity laws for pump speed and performance changes
- Troubleshooting pumps using pressure and vacuum gauges
The document summarizes key concepts regarding air distribution systems and occupant comfort:
1) It describes three types of air distribution systems - fully stratified, partially mixed, and fully mixed - and discusses factors like temperature, CO2 concentration, and height variation within occupied zones.
2) It outlines the temperature, humidity, air velocity, and other criteria specified by ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 to achieve occupant comfort.
3) It provides a five-step process for mapping room air motion and visualizing air flow patterns from supply outlets or diffusers, including identifying primary air, total air, natural convection currents, return intakes, and overall room air movement.
This document discusses options for data center owners and operators to consider when their aging infrastructure may no longer meet current or future needs. As digital traffic and the internet of things continue to grow rapidly, data center infrastructure is facing unprecedented challenges. The document outlines various strategies to evaluate such as tuning up existing facilities, targeted modernization of critical components, adopting pod-based architectures, and building new infrastructure to right-size capacity. Each option involves analyzing business needs, costs, efficiency gains, and potential downtime to determine the best path forward.
Electrical Safety Joliet Distribution Centertrevor_heller
This document provides an overview of electrical safety. It discusses the main electrical hazards of fire, shock, and burns. It defines important electrical terms and outlines safety rules and personal protective equipment requirements for working with electricity, including inspecting cords, locking out equipment during maintenance, and proper grounding. Personal responsibilities are to follow electrical safety rules and report any electrical deficiencies.
Original presentation by Glenn Friedman and presented to the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE at the May 10 monthly meeting by Michael Kuk of Sieben Energy Associates.
Basics of centrifugal. Topics covered are operating principles, energy conversion, components in centrifugal pump, the concept of NPSH, pump rating calculation and affinity laws
Presentation On Sustainability April 2009 FinalAndy Rayner
The document discusses practical applications of sustainability in biopharmaceutical plant design, including using sustainable design principles for sites and facilities, implementing renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, and reducing utility usage through innovations like single-use disposable bioreactors which significantly lower water and energy needs. The goal is to minimize environmental impact and achieve sustainability certifications like LEED which recognize low-carbon and energy efficient building designs.
Lennox -- Helping HVAC Professionals Take the "LEED"STACY DAVIS
The document discusses how HVAC systems can help buildings achieve LEED certification through improved energy efficiency and environmental standards. It provides an overview of the LEED rating system and credits related to HVAC design, then describes how Lennox products meet various credit requirements through features like high-efficiency units, controls, ventilation options, and filtration. Selecting Lennox equipment can help projects optimize energy performance and earn multiple LEED points to facilitate certification.
The document describes the Green Building Index (GBI), Malaysia's first comprehensive rating system for evaluating the environmental design and performance of buildings. The GBI measures energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, sustainable site planning/management, materials/resources, water efficiency, and innovation. It aims to promote sustainable and green building practices in Malaysia by establishing standards, recognizing environmental leadership, and transforming the built environment to reduce impacts. The GBI rating tool can be used by project teams, owners, developers and other parties to assess and improve the environmental attributes of new buildings.
The document discusses sustainability issues related to steel construction. It covers sustainability and LEED standards, sustainable steel construction methods, and an application using intermodal freight shipping containers (IFSCs) for construction. Specifically, it outlines the LEED rating system categories and credits, advantages of steel such as recyclability and embodied energy, the use of cold-formed steel and its benefits, and examples of IFSCs being used to create houses and a hotel.
This document outlines a presentation given by Mark Price on LEED for Homes and ENERGY STAR for Homes. The agenda includes an introduction to LEED for Homes and ENERGY STAR, an overview of green building strategies, and a question and answer session. LEED for Homes and ENERGY STAR were discussed as frameworks for making homes more energy efficient and environmentally friendly. Key areas covered include site planning, water and energy use, materials selection, and indoor air quality.
The document provides information on CASBEE, a comprehensive assessment system for built environment efficiency used in Japan to rate the environmental performance of buildings and urban development. It discusses key aspects of CASBEE including its establishment in 2001, assessment tools and principles, criteria for evaluating built environment quality and load, and rating system. CASBEE aims to assess environmental performance throughout a building's lifecycle and awards higher ratings to more sustainable buildings to incentivize green design.
Green Buildings - A Primer on Green Building and LEEDOHM Advisors
http://www.ohm-advisors.com - Gary Sebach, Principal and Director of Architecture for OHM’s new division, Bird Houk, explains green buildings. Gary answers the most common questions about green buildings, sustainability and LEED. Sebach also shares a simple six step approach to LEED.
Green Buildings - A Primer on Green Building and LEEDOHM Advisors
http://www.ohm-advisors.com - Gary Sebach, Principal and Director of Architecture for OHM’s new division, Bird Houk, explains green buildings. Gary answers the most common questions about green buildings, sustainability and LEED. Sebach also shares a simple six step approach to LEED.
The document discusses Athena EcoCalculator, a tool for assessing the environmental performance of building assemblies over their full life cycle. It summarizes how the tool works, including tracking material and energy flows from extraction to end of life. Key phases of a life cycle assessment are inventory, impact assessment, and impact indicators. The tool allows comparing assemblies and optimizing designs based on factors like embodied energy, transportation impacts, and resource depletion. It has applications for green building rating systems by integrating life cycle thinking into material selection and design.
Phoenix Hope VI And Green Building PresentationICF_HCD
The document discusses the Matthew Henson HOPE VI redevelopment project. It provides details about the project such as it began in 2001 with a $35 million federal grant. Over 463 new on-site units and 148 off-site units were constructed for a total of 611 new housing units. The project aimed to be sustainable and discusses categories like sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. It provides examples of sustainability measures used in each category.
Bill Jolly 3rd Annual Conference On Cost Effective SustainabilityBilljolly
This document discusses sustainability requirements and solutions for construction projects in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. It outlines environmental targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and describes regulations in the UAE including LEED standards and Estidama requirements. Specific sustainability rules for Dubai include LEED certification, TECOM and Dubai Municipality guidelines. Abu Dhabi focuses on the Estidama Pearl Rating System. Typical sustainable solutions mentioned are solar collectors, wind turbines, photovoltaics, natural ventilation and greywater harvesting.
ASHRAE Journal Supplemental Guide to Standard189.1Joannacr
Standard 189.1 sets requirements for high-performance green buildings that go beyond energy efficiency standards in 90.1. It includes provisions for site sustainability, water use efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and reducing atmospheric and resource impacts. The standard provides prescriptive and performance compliance paths and is estimated to achieve 30% average energy savings compared to 90.1. It also specifies construction and operation plans to help achieve high-performance operation.
The document discusses the Argentina Green Building Council (AGBC) and green building certifications. It states that the AGBC is a non-profit organization established in 2007 with a mission to promote sustainable building design. It discusses green building standards like LEED and compares LEED for New Construction and LEED for Existing Buildings. The document also addresses common strategies and benefits around sustainable sites, water and energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor air quality.
This document provides an overview of sustainability assessment schemes including the Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH), BREEAM Buildings, BREEAM Communities, BREEAM In-Use, and sustainability through planning. It discusses the ownership, assessment issues, categories, and certification processes for each scheme. Case studies are presented showing how BREEAM certification has been achieved with no additional construction costs. The document also discusses setting sustainability targets through understanding development viability and how green premiums can improve profit margins.
Chris Piche, Integral Group
Driving the building industry towards a culture of accountability and using energy codes to get high performance buildings into the mainstream
This document discusses potential strategies for reusing an old mill building in Fall River, Massachusetts in an environmentally sustainable way. It outlines three key ways the mill reuse project could reduce CO2 emissions: 1) Reducing travel through activity concentration on site, 2) Improving energy efficiency through the mill building's compact design, and 3) Avoiding emissions from new construction through building reuse. It argues that documenting these CO2 reductions could allow the project to receive carbon credits to help fund retrofitting the mill for low-carbon uses.
The Center for Building Excellence (CBE) is an in-house team at BASF, the world's largest chemical company, that provides expertise in construction, design, and sustainability. The CBE works with BASF to develop sustainable solutions and conducts case studies of projects implementing BASF products and technologies to achieve goals like energy efficiency. A case study describes retrofitting a BASF headquarters building using spray foam insulation and EIFS, reducing HVAC needs. Another case study outlines a LEED Silver-certified administrative building constructed with BASF windows, insulation, paints, and flooring to lower energy and water usage.
RWDI Consulting and Engineers - Wind, Microclimate, Energy and Thermal Comfor...MaRS Discovery District
The vision of Masdar City (the world’s first zero-carbon city to be created before 2020) was shared by the Masdar City team at a September 16, 2009, business-to-business seminar held at MaRS.
The seminar attracted nearly 70 cleantech suppliers, green technology leaders, government policy makers and sector funders. This presentation is from RWDI Consulting and Engineers on the opportunities in wind, microclimate, energy and thermal comfort, created for this seminar.
This was the vision shared by members of the Masdar City team at a September 16th business-to-business seminar held at MaRS. An attentive audience in Toronto was joined by participants in Edmonton and Vancouver via videoconference, indicating strong interprovincial interest.
The seminar - sponsored by the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade, MaRS and the Masdar City team- attracted nearly 70 cleantech suppliers, green technology leaders, government policy makers and sector funders.
Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to OwnersIllinois ASHRAE
Keith Swartz of the Energy Center of Wisconsin presents Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to Owners at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
Preliminary Modeling & Life Cycle Costing: Underpinnings of Integrated Design.Illinois ASHRAE
Paul Erickson of Affiliated Engineers presents Preliminary Modeling & Life Cycle Costing: Underpinnings of Integrated Design at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
Benchmarking provides high-level comparisons of whole-building energy use but cannot identify where energy is used or determine cost-effectiveness of upgrades. Retroactive energy modeling uses submetering and hourly data to calibrate an energy model that can answer these questions. By identifying lighting was used 5 extra hours daily, submetering showed controls could save more than lamp upgrades alone in just a few months. Preparing for measurement and verification involves obtaining operational data, connecting submeters to monitor real-time use, and educating occupants on energy impacts to identify hidden problems and most cost-effective upgrades.
David Eldridge of Grumman / Butkus Associates present the ASHRAE Building Energy Quotient Labeling Program at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
The National Institute of Building Sciences' mission is to advance building sciences and technology to improve the built environment. It aims to develop performance criteria to maintain life safety for buildings, evaluate building technologies, conduct related investigations, and disseminate technical data and information. Its focus areas include industry leadership, security and disaster preparedness, facility performance and sustainability, and information resources and technologies such as BIM standards, data exchange formats, and the National CAD Standard.
This document summarizes the 2011 Annual Awards Banquet of the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE. It lists several engineering projects that received Excellence in Engineering Awards, including the Grundy County 911 Facility in Morris, IL, several Walgreens stores, and academic buildings. It also thanks the judges who evaluated the award submissions.
The document summarizes ongoing and upcoming research projects funded by ASHRAE Research Promotion as well as ASHRAE's 2010-2015 goals. It lists several current projects out for bid related to outdoor air systems, heat exchangers, and refrigerant flow. It also outlines ASHRAE's goals to maximize building energy performance, progress net-zero energy buildings, reduce energy usage in existing homes and buildings, advance understanding of indoor environmental quality, and support development of more efficient HVAC components and buildings. Additionally, it provides statistics on research grants awarded in a region and calls for donations to support further research.
This document discusses net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). It provides context on climate change and government policies driving the adoption of NZEBs. It defines NZEBs as buildings that produce as much renewable energy as they consume on an annual basis. However, there is no consistent definition as the energy balance can be measured at the site or source level and can include energy use, emissions or costs. The document also discusses practical challenges to achieving true net zero status and examples of organizations pursuing net zero energy goals.
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 made significant improvements in energy efficiency over the 2004 version. It expanded the scope to include process loads and established new requirements in key areas like building envelopes, HVAC systems, and lighting. The standard evaluates savings based on both site energy and energy cost reductions. Compliance can be met through prescriptive requirements or through a trade-off option. The presentation reviewed many of the changes introduced in key sections between the 2007 and 2010 versions.
This document discusses energy recovery requirements, design, and applications. It covers reasons to use energy recovery like code requirements and economic benefits. It describes ASHRAE standards requiring waterside energy recovery for large facilities. It explains different types of heat recovery chillers and their characteristics. The document discusses waterside heat recovery temperatures and effects on chiller performance for different compressor types. It also covers heat recovery chiller control strategies and system configurations.
The document discusses the Young Engineers in ASHRAE (YEA) committee in Chicago. It provides information on upcoming YEA events, including a tour of Soldier Field in September and a BIM project delivery discussion panel in October. It encourages young engineers to get involved with the committee to promote professional development and fellowship in HVAC through ASHRAE.
The document provides an agenda and overview for the Illinois Chapter ASHRAE kick-off meeting. It discusses unfinished and new business, introduces the chapter committees and goals for the upcoming year. It encourages members to get involved in committees and provides details on upcoming events like the golf outing and winter meeting. The overall purpose is to promote membership, engagement and volunteer opportunities within the local ASHRAE chapter.
This document summarizes an event promoting ComEd's Smart Ideas energy efficiency program. It provides an overview of the program's goals and incentives for upgrading lighting, HVAC systems, and other equipment. Case studies show the program has helped offices, warehouses, hospitals, and industrial plants upgrade their lighting and other systems, reducing energy use and paying back the investments in under three years on average. Attendees are encouraged to identify energy savings opportunities and work with Smart Ideas trade allies to complete projects and receive incentives.
Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE April 2011 Student NightIllinois ASHRAE
The document discusses issues in engineering education and ways to better prepare future ASHRAE members. It notes that building designs have become more complex, sustainability and energy efficiency are priorities, and a variety of skills are needed. Both bachelor's and advanced degrees are important but engineering schools face financial pressures. The document advocates for practice-based master's degrees focusing on skills like HVAC, LEED, and building simulation. Universities need input from ASHRAE members on skills needed, and ASHRAE needs to support students through internships and jobs to equip graduates for the future HVAC industry.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
4. Why is That?
• Being “Green” or “Sustainable” has
become the preeminent feel-good cause
of the last quarter century.
• Who can be against such a combination
of virtue and vagueness; economics and
ecology, simple-mindedness and
soothsaying?
• Greenwashing is RAMPANT!
5. What is “Green”
One problem in defining green or
sustainability is that it has come to
mean so much to so many.
7. Agenda
• What is Std 189.1?
• Std 189.1 Sections
• Site
• Water
• Energy
• IEQ
• Materials and Resources
• Construction and Operation
• Why all the bother?
• Energy Targets
• Questions
8. What is Standard 189.1-2009?
• An ANSI standard developed in model
code language that provides minimum
requirements for high-performance, green
buildings
• Code and Contractually enforceable
• Sponsor and co-sponsors:
• ASHRAE - American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers
• USGBC (U.S. Green Building Council)
• IESNA (Illuminating Engineering Society
of North America
9. How Do the Pieces Fit Together?
ASHRAE Std 90.1
IECC
ASHRAE Std 189.1 EPA Energy Star
CEC Title 24
10. Std 189.1 Range
SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
Sustainable Water Use Energy Indoor Bldg Impact Construction
Sites Efficiency Efficiency Environmental on and
Quality Atmosphere, Operation
Mat’ls and Plans
Resources
IAQ
30%
To
Increase
IEQ
Minimum
Minimum
Compliance!
Compliance!
Std 90.1 Std 62.1
11. Std 189.1 and LEED
• Rating System (How
high performance IS
your high performance
• Code Intended (Code bldg?)
enforceable)
• Not Code enforceable
• Minimum compliance for
• Not a good tool for
High Performance Bldg (If
you meet 189.1 you are a setting policy (e.g. “All
high performance bldg) municipal bldgs shall be
LEED Silver”)
7.4.1.1 Building projects shall contain on-site
renewable energy systems that provide the annual
energy production equivalent of not less than 6.0
kBtu/ft2 of conditioned space.
13. Standard 189 Chapter Structure
7.4.3.6 Fan System Power Limitation Recipe – handles
Systems shall have fan power limitations 10% below typical buildings
SS
SS limitations specified in Table 6.5.3.1.1A of Standard
90.1…
X.4
WE
WE
Prescriptive
EE
EE
X.1 X.2 X.3
Scope Compliance Mandatory
IEQ
IEQ
X.5
MR
MR 7.5.3 Annual Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2 e) Performance
The building project shall have an annual CO2e less
than or equal to that achieved by compliance with
CO
CO sections… Comparisons shall be made using
normative Appendix D provided that the base line Goal – handles
building is calculated in accordance with… any building
14. Sustainable Sites SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Mandatory Provisions
• Site Selection
• Brownfield, Greyfield vs. Greenfield
• Reduce Heat Island Effect
• Hardscape and wall shading, high SRI
or cool roofs
• Reduction of Light Pollution
• Outdoor lighting lumen limits, maximum
allowable Backlight,
Uplight And Glare (BUG) ratings
brownfield site: a site documented as contaminated by
means of an ASTM E1903 Phase II Environmental Site
Assessment or a site classified as a brownfield by a local,
State, or Federal government agency.
15. Sustainable Sites SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Options
• Site Development
• All sites:
Minimum 40% of site
area to be effective
pervious surface
(vegetation, green roof,
porous pavers) –
exceptions for areas with
<10 inches annual
average rainfall
• Greenfield sites: greenfield site: a site of which 20% or less has
Minimum 20% of area to been previously developed with impervious
be native or adapted surfaces.
plants
16. Sustainable Sites SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Performance Option
• Site Development
• Existing Building: minimum 20%
• Greyfield Sites: minimum 40%
• All Other Sites: minimum 50%
• of the average annual rainfall on the development
footprint shall be managed through infiltration, reuse, or
evapotranspiration
evapotranspiration (ET): the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. Evaporation accounts
for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and water
bodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss
of water as vapor through stomata in its leaves.
17. Water Use Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Mandatory Provisions
• Site Water Use
• Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, &
smart irrigation controllers
• Building Water Use
• Plumbing fixtures & fittings,
appliances, HVAC systems &
equipment, generally 40% lower than
U.S. EPAct 1992 (ie: toilets<1.28 gpf
or dual flush)
• Disallow once through cooling with
potable water
• Water metering
• Sub metering
18. Water Use Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
1000 ton chiller
Uses 50,000 gal/day!
• Site Water Use
• Maximum 1/3 of improved landscape can be irrigated
with potable water
• Building Water Use Reduction
• Cooling towers
• <200 ppm hardness to have minimum 5 cycles of
concentration
• >200 ppm hardness to have minimum 3.5 cycles of
concentration
• Efficient commercial food service and laboratories
• Special Water Features
• Fountain water must be from alternate source or
reclaimed (no potable water)
19. Water Use Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Performance Option
• Site Water Use Reduction
• proposed potable water
for irrigation < 35% of
baseline
evapotranspiration
• Building Water Use
• proposed water use <
mandatory plus
prescriptive
20. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Highlights
• More stringent than Standard 90.1-2007
• Plug/process loads
• Peak load reduction
• Energy measurement for verification
• Renewable energy provisions
21. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Mandatory Provisions
• Meet 90.1 Prescriptive Requirements
• Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4
• Provide for future on-site renewable energy
power systems
• Building projects design shall show
allocated space for installation of on-site
renewable energy systems.
• Energy Consumption Management
• Measurement devices with remote on-site renewable energy system:
communication capability shall be photovoltaic, solar thermal,
provided to collect energy consumption geothermal energy, and wind systems
used to generate energy and located on
data
the building project.
22. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• CZ-3 Building Envelope (IP)
• Roof Insulation
• 189.1: R- 25 c.i., R- 49 attic
• 90.1: R- 20 c.i., R- 38 attic
• Walls
• 189.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity +
R-5 c.i., R-9.5 c.i. mass wall
• 90.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity +
R-3.8 c.i., R-7.6 c.i. mass wall
CZ-3 Los Angeles Non-Residential Example
23. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• CZ-3 Building Envelope (IP)
• Fenestration Assemblies
90.1 189.1
nonmetal frame U-0.65 U-0.45
curtainwall U-0.60 U-0.50
other metal U-0.65 U-0.55
SHGC 0.25 0.25
CZ-3 Los Angeles Non-Residential Example
24. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Building Envelope
• Vertical fenestration area < 40% of the gross wall area
• W, S & E permanent projections for vertical fenestration
(climate zones 1-5)
Projection Factor PF ≥ 0.5
• Fenestration orientation (climate zones 1-4):
(AreaN*SHGCN + AreaS*SHGCS) ≥ 1.1*(AreaW*SHGCW +
AreaE*SHGCE)
25. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Building Envelope
• Continuous air barrier requirement
• Using individual materials that have an
air permeability ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2 under a
pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.
• Using assemblies of materials and
components that have an average air
leakage ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2 under a pressure
differential of 0.3 in. W.C. continuous air barrier: the
•
combination of interconnected
Testing the completed building and materials, assemblies and flexible
demonstrating that the air leakage rate sealed joints and components of the
of the building envelope ≤ 0.4 cfm/ft2 building envelope that provide air-
under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. tightness to a specified permeability.
W.C.
26. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
Addendum E
change from
•
space to
On-site renewable energy systems roof area
that provide the annual energy
production equivalent of 6 KBtu/ft2 of
conditioned space
• Exception for areas with incident
solar radiation less than 4.0
kWh/m2-day and purchase of
green power of 75 kWh/ft2-yr for a
period not to exceed ten years
• Could be the shade of another
building
27. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
Mechanical Save money
Save money when the
when the Minimum equipment efficiency Equipment runs
sun shines
• Baseline is EPAct • Option for Energy
efficiencies (Std Star / Appendix C
90.1) Use higher efficiency efficiencies
• 6 KBtu/ft2 (1.76
equipment and reduce • 4 KBtu/ft2 (1.17
your PV/Wind kW/ft2) annual
kW/ft2) annual renewable
renewable power requirement
energy
energy by 33%!
• 5% peak load
• 10% peak load reduction
reduction
100,000 ft2 Bldg 100,000 ft2 Bldg
11,000 ft2 panels 7,300 ft2 panels
$17,600 savings/yr $11,700 savings/yr
$1.1 Million install $0.73 Million install
28. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
Centrifugal Air Air Self Rooftop WSHPs
Cooled Cooled Contained Units
Chillers Chillers DX
Chillers
<150 tons > 150 tons
Std 90.1 0.600 kW/ton 9.562 9.562 EER 11.0 EER 9.7 EER 12.0 EER
Full EER
6 kBtu/ft2 12.75 IPLV 11.2 IEER 9.8 IEER
Renewable 0.400 kW/ton 12.5
IPLV IPLV
Std 189.1 0.600 kW/ton 10.0 10.0 EER 14.0 EER 9.7 EER 14.0 EER
App. C Full EER 12.50 12.75 IPLV
IPLV 14.3 IEER 10.2 IEER
4 kBtu/ft2 0.400 kW/ton
Renewable IPLV
29. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Mechanical
• Demand control ventilation for densely
occupied spaces
• Variable Exhaust for kitchen MUA
• Auto light/HVAC control in guest rooms
• Seal Level A duct sealing
• Additional pipe/duct insulation
School
Classroom
densely occupied space: those spaces with a design
occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per
1000 ft2
30. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Mechanical
• Fan power to be 10% less than Standard
90.1
• Exhaust air energy recovery
• Economizer cycle for units > 33,000 Btuh
• 2 stg cooling < 65 MBH
• 2 spd or VFD for AHU above 5 hp
• 2 spd or VFD for DX unit above 110 MBH
• Peak Load Reduction
31. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Lighting
• Occupancy sensor controls
• Occupancy sensor controls
with multi-level switching or
dimming
• Interior lighting power to be
10% less the 90.1-2007 LPD
• Lighting for building security
or emergency egress ≤ 0.1
W/ft2
Addendum a
• Automatic controls for lighting changed this to
in daylight zones “daylight areas”.
32. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Other Equipment
• Supermarket waste heat
recovery system on
permanently installed
refrigeration equipment in
supermarkets 25,000 ft2
or greater
• Energy Star equipment
and appliances if
installed prior to issuance
of certificate of
occupancy
33. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Performance Option
• Annual Energy Cost
• Proposed ≤ mandatory plus
prescriptive
• Annual Carbon Dioxide
Equivalent (CO2e)
• Proposed ≤ mandatory plus
prescriptive
• Peak Electric Demand
• Proposed ≤ mandatory plus
prescriptive
34. Energy Efficiency SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Performance Option
Building Project Energy Source CO2e lb/kWh (kg/kWh)
Grid delivered electricity and other 1.670 (0.758)
fuels not specified in this table
LPG or Propane 0.602 (0.274)
Fuel oil (residual) 0.686 (0.312)
Fuel Oil (distillate) 0.614 (0.279)
Coal (except lignite) 0.822 (0.373)
Coal (lignite) 1.287 (0.583)
Gasoline 0.681 (0.309)
Natural Gas 0.510 (0.232)
35. IEQ SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Mandatory Provisions
• Indoor Air Quality
• Ventilation rates per ASHRAE Standard 62.1
• Outdoor air delivery monitoring
• MERV 8 filter (Std 62.1 MERV 6)
• No smoking inside building
• Thermal Environmental Conditions
• Comply with ASHRAE Std 55 Acoustical Control
• Defined STC values for exterior and interior assemblies
• Daylighting by Toplighting (skylights)
• Soil Gas Retarder System
• Brownfields or radon
• Entry mat system including scraper, absorption and finishing
mats
36. IEQ SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Prescriptive Option
• Daylighting by Sidelighting
• Office spaces and classrooms
• Minimum effective apertures
• Minimum interior surface visible
light reflectances
• Minimum shading projection
factors
• Materials
• Emissions and VOC requirements
37. IEQ SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Performance Option
• Daylighting
• Physical or computer model, minimum
illuminance target:
30 fc (300 lux) on work surfaces, noon
equinox
• It shall be demonstrated that direct sun
does not strike the workplane in any
daylit space for more than 20% of the
occupied hours during an equinox day
in regularly occupied office spaces
• Materials
• VOC emissions model for building
materials per CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174
Section 4.3
38. The Bldg’s Impact on SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Atmosphere
Mandatory Provisions
• Construction waste management
• A minimum of 50% of non-hazardous
construction and demolition waste material
shall be diverted
• Total waste on new building projects shall
not exceed 42 cubic yards or 12,000 lbs per
10,000 ft2 of new building area
• Wood products
• Refrigerants
• Storage and collection of recyclables and
discarded goods
39. The Bldg’s Impact on SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Atmosphere
Prescriptive Option
• Reduced Impact Materials
• The sum of post-consumer recycled content plus
one-half of the pre-consumer recycled content
shall constitute a minimum of 10%, based on
cost, of the total materials in the building project
• A minimum of 5% of building materials used,
based on cost, shall be biobased products
• A minimum of 15% of building materials or
products used, based on cost, shall be regionally
extracted/harvested/recovered or manufactured
within a radius of 500 miles of the project site
40. The Bldg’s Impact on SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Atmosphere
Performance Option
• Life Cycle Assessment
• ISO Standard 14044 of a minimum of
two building alternatives
• The building alternative chosen for the
project shall have a 5% improvement
over the other building alternative
• Life cycle inventory (LCI)
• Compare the two building alternatives
using a published third-party impact
indicator method
• Conduct a critical review by an external
expert independent of those performing
the LCA
41. Construction and SS
SS WE
WE EE
EE IEQ MR
IEQ MR CO
CO
Operation
Mandatory Provisions
• Plans for Construction
• Building Acceptance Testing
• Building Commissioning
• Erosion and Sediment Control
• IAQ Construction Management
• Moisture Control
• Construction Activity Pollution Prevention
• Plans for Operation
• BIM (Revit)
• Energy Efficiency Plan for Operation
42. Addendum a and b
• Addendum a
• Revise definitions to match Std 90.1
• Revise the calculation of day-lit area
• Addendum b
• Modify the method of simulating day-lit area
under the performance option
• Lower the day-lit plane to 2.5 feet AFF
43. Normative Appendix D: Energy
Performance
• Mandatory provisions are still required
• Variations from the prescriptive provisions
are allowed only if they can be completely
and accurately modeled. E.g. air barrier
• Plug and process loads are required in
both Baseline and Proposed models
• Fan power can be different in the
proposed building
44. Normative Appendix D: Energy
Performance
• Perception is not reality
• “Your results may vary.”
• The performance option is a comparison
of one hypothetical building to another
hypothetical building
• Building additions can be modeled
• The designer can choose to ignore the
existing building
46. Energy Targets: the new Paradigm
• Std 90.1 and Std 189.1 use energy use
comparisons
• BeQ Labeling uses comparisons
• EnergyStar uses comparisons
• It is time to look beyond relative metrics
• Targets are absolute numbers (EUI)
48. Energy Targets abound everywhere
• Net Zero Energy – regardless of the
definition is an energy target
• Without some type of specific,
measurable, objective target progress is
slow and ill defined.
• The Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey shows this clearly
• Market forces alone do not drive
consistently increasing energy efficiency
49.
50. F ig u re 2 N atio n al Av e rag e E le ctricity P rice s
(2004 D O E E IA - R e s. = 8.96, C o mm. = 8.21)
10
9
8
7
Price - cents/kWh
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Y e ar
C om m erc ial R es idential
51. F ig u re 1 N a tio n a l A v e ra g e N a tu ra l G a s P ric e s
(2 0 0 4 D O E E IA - R e s . = 1 .2 3 , C o m m . = 0 .9 5 )
1.40
1.20
1.00
Price - $/therm
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
1965 1970 19 7 5 1980 1985 1990 1995 20 0 0 2005
Ye a r
R es id e n tial C om m erc ial
52. Energy Targets
• April 7, 2007 ASHRAE BOD approved the
concept of energy targets.
• To explain what that means, a graph was
produced
53. Energy Targets
Energy Reduction Proposal
53
36000
Ene rgy (kBtu/yr)
Standard 90.1
AEDG
ASHRAE BOD Goal
Standard 189
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Year
54. NREL Study on NZEB Potential 2007
• This study asked
two questions:
• How low can
you practically
go in terms of
energy use?
• To what extent
can PV supply
the remaining
energy?
56. Why all the bother? – Policy Makers
Site EUI kBtu/ft2‐yr (MJ/m2‐yr)
100.0 (1,135)
90 (1020) Existing commercial buildings (2003 CBECS)
79.2 (900) Models of existing stock (Griffiths et al. 2007)
75.0 (852)
70.7 (803) New buildings base scenario (90.1‐2004)
50.0 (568)
40.3 (458) Max Tech energy efficient scenario
25.0 (284)
12.2 (139) Max Tech energy efficient scenario w/ PV
0.0
0 (0) Net Zero Energy Building
60. What’s Going On at ASHRAE?
• In February of 2010
ASHRAE Technology
Council appointed an
Ad Hoc Committee to
establish a plan for
Energy Targets
• Report submitted
June 2010
61. What’s Going On at ASHRAE?
• Recommendations:
• Conduct a comprehensive education program to
promote a common understanding of EUI
• Develop EUI Targets for Commercial Buildings
(with and without on-site renewables)
• Fulfill the Vision 2020 goal with the AEDG
• Revise the NREL study with new technologies
62. What’s Going On at ASHRAE?
• Status:
• Implementation of the recommendations is
underway
• ASHRAE will consider the Research Work
Statement next month in Montreal to begin
developing the Energy Targets
• Education and Advocacy has begun
• An amendment to the Energy Conservation and
Production Act (42 U.S.C. 6833) has been
submitted in the Senate (May 12th) to develop
definitions of energy use intensity and building
types for use in model codes or in evaluating
the efficiency impacts of the codes
63. Std 189.1 and IGCC
• International Code Council (ICC) main
model code developer in USA
• Reach 22,000 jurisdictions
• developing model High Performance
Bldg code
• Still in development
• ASHRAE has entered into an
arrangement for Std 189.1 to be one of
the compliance paths in IGCC
• Std 189.1 will be packaged with
IGCC when it comes out
• Std 189.1 is available right now
• www.ASHRAE.org
64. Army Adopts Std 189.1
• On Oct. 27, 2010, Katherine Hammack, assistant
secretary of the Army for installations, energy
and the environment (IE&E), issued a policy
memorandum that incorporates
ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1-
2009, Standard for the Design of High-
Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise
Residential Buildings.
65. Closing Remarks
• Std 189.1 is an excellent tool to base line
a high performance building
• Std 189.1 energy performance is 30%
higher than Std 90.1
• There are many products and services
available today that will help you
achieve 189.1 prescriptive
requirements
• The Future for energy conscious design
is building energy use performance
metrics