Kenneth Roy IEQ

1. Dr. Kenneth P. Roy, fellow ASA
Sr. Principal Research Scientist
Armstrong Building Products Technology, R&D
Lancaster, PA, USA kproy@armstrong.com
Architectural AcousticsArchitectural Acoustics
& Green Building IEQ& Green Building IEQ
Green Building Council
of Australia
Sydney, Australia
5 August 2014

2. Change

3. Change
No Past Today No Future

4. Acoustic Standards Participation
ASA: Acoustical Society of America, elected Fellow 1999
member TCAA Technical Committee on Architectural Acoustics
member TCN Technical Committee on Noise
member ASA/ANSI WG 52 Classroom Acoustics
member ASA/ANSI WG 44 Speech Privacy in Healthcare
ASTM: ASTM International
Chairman Subcommittee E33.06 on International Standards
Member Sub Committee E33.02, E33.03, E33.04, E33.05, E33.07, E33.09
ASHRAE: member TC2.6 Technical Committee on Sound and Vibration
member TC2.1 Technical Committee on Physiology and Human Environment
ANSI: American National Standards Institute
Head of US Technical Advisory Group & delegation to ISO TC43/SC2 on Building Acoustics
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
Chairman/Convener – joint TC 43 SC 2 & TC205 /WG27 Building Environment Design – Indoor
Acoustic Environment
USGBC: United States Green Building Council
member, Subject Matter Expert - Acoustics
Presentations & Publications (since 1990)
• invited lecturer at 16 Universities in 6 countries
• over 170 Seminars on Architectural Acoustic Design in 18 countries
• over 100 publications in 30 journals, trade magazines and conference proceedings

5. Lenticular clouds, Mt Fuji - google
Building Codes
• International Code Council
Rating Systems
• LEED, Green Star
Standards
• ANSI S12.60, AS/NZS 2107
Design Guidelines
• ASHRAE Handbook, FGI for HC
Design Knowledge
• engineers, designers, consultants
Introduction

6. Introduction
Architecture
- Society -- Mission -

7. Introduction
Architecture
- Society -- Mission -
Offices – work
 ‘I’ spaces
 ‘we’ spaces
Healthcare – heal
 ‘healing’ spaces
 safety
Schools – learn
 ‘learning’ spaces
 teaching

8. Introduction
- Mission -
Architecture
Offices – work
 ‘I’ spaces
 ‘we’ spaces
Healthcare – heal
 ‘healing’ spaces
 safety
Schools – learn
 ‘learning’ spaces
 teaching
Buildings are for People
• we design
• we build
• we operate
Indoor Activities
• we communicate
• we concentrate
• we rest
Indoor Environmental Quality
• Acoustic Comfort (primary)
• Visual Comfort (primary)
• Thermal Comfort (enabling)
• IAQ (enabling)

9. Introduction
Architecture
- Society -- Mission -
Offices – work
 ‘I’ spaces
 ‘we’ spaces
Healthcare – heal
 ‘healing’ spaces
 safety
Schools – learn
 ‘learning’ spaces
 teaching
 Air
 Water
 Material Resources
Energy

10. GOAL:
To provide a space that is both ‘healthy’ and ‘productive’ for the
occupants, while also being both energy efficient and sustainable
Introduction – Buildings are for People

11. Building Use and Acoustic Needs
Intelligibility
within
Privacy
between
Sound
Quality
Concentration
(nonintrusive)
Private Office high high medium high
Conference high high medium low
Open Plan medium medium low high to low
Call Center low low low medium
Acoustic Comfort in Office Buildings
Introduction – Buildings are for People

12. • To achieve positive visual & acoustic integration
 architects and designers have more material and system choices
• To understand range of options for design professionals to
create acoustic solutions that:
 Add to visual aesthetics
 Perform well acoustically
 Contribute to sustainable design
Goal: Acoustics and Aesthetics Working Together
Introduction – Aesthetics & Acoustics

13. Introduction – Buildings are for People
1. Current State of Building IEQ Performance
 USA and Australia – CBE surveys
2. The meaning of Acoustic Comfort in IEQ
3. Evolving “Work Patterns” and Interior Design
 Gensler Workplace Study
4. USA and LEED v4 approaches to Acoustic Comfort
 Office, Healthcare, Education
5. Green Star considerations to IEQ and Acoustic Comfort
Outline

14. Building IEQ Performance - Today
1

15. Workplaces – Current approach, “form fits function”
Traditional – Standard & Green

16. Traditional – Standard & Green
Workplaces – Current approach, “form fits function”

17. Traditional – Standard & Green
Workplaces – Current approach, “form fits function”

18. LEED 2009
No acoustics
With acoustics
Why poor ‘Acoustic Comfort’ ??

19. Traditional – Standard & Green
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Office Building IEQ
USA and Australia Bldgs

20. Meaning of Acoustic Comfort in Building IEQ
2

21. Source: BOSTI, 2001
People Are The Most
Significant Investment
82% is spent on people
Cost of doing business
over 10 year average
(1998 – 2008)
Sound Distractions are
the # 1 problem
Acoustic Comfort & IEQ

22. Gail Brager, UC Berkeley, CBE
Acoustic Comfort & IEQ

23. Gail Brager, UC Berkeley, CBE
Acoustic Comfort & IEQ

24. ASID Sound Solutions, 2005
Acoustic Comfort & IEQ

25. Evolving “Work Patterns” and Interior Design
3

26. Traditional – Standard & Green
Workplaces – Current approach, “form fits function”

27. Open Plan Design
Professional
Administrative
Clerical
Office & Health Care
Traditional – Standard & Green

28. Confidential Privacy
Closed Plan Design
• Management Office
• HR Office
• Legal Office
• Conference Rm
• Doctors Office
• Medical Treatment Rm
Office & Health Care
Traditional – Standard & Green

29. http://m.gensler.com/uploads/documents/2013_US_Workplace_Survey_07_15_2013.pdf
New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”

30. Source: BOSTI, 2001
6%
3%
6%
4%
9%
10%62%
Focused
Quiet Work
Chores/Lab Work
Break
In Meeting Rooms
Informal Interactions
Meet In Workplace
Phone
Computer/Quiet Work
Knowledge worker activities, 2001
Source: Gensler, 2013
Knowledge worker activities, 2008, 2013
New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
Collaboration

31. Focus Area
Collaboration Area
Privacy Area
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
New Functional Design

32. Within a ‘team’
– Office building “collaboration areas”: interactions
and teaming activities require open communications
within groups
• Likely to be open plan design
• Speech intelligibility is key
Between ‘teams’
– Need for moderate acoustic separation between
different groups, and significant acoustic separation
from focus areas and privacy areas
• Noise is key
Solutions
– Ceiling clouds, canopies, vertical slats and baffles
are appropriate solutions to complement low/high
furniture systems within and between areas
New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
collaboration areas
360.steelcase.com | Issue 66 | 29

33. New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
collaboration areas

34. Within a ‘space’
– Office “focus areas”: knowledge workers can
concentrate on individual work needs
• These will most likely be open plan areas
• Noise and low distractions are key
Between ‘spaces’
– Important to minimize transfer of sound in all
directions. Design factors include:
• architectural/technology enhancements
• behavioral directives
Solutions
– High AC and NRC rated ceilings,
moderate-to-high furniture
panels, and
electronic sound masking are all
design elements to
consider
New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
focus areas

35. New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
focus areas

36. Within a ‘space’
– Office building “privacy areas”: knowledge
workers, management, legal, financial, HR, etc.,
can concentrate on individual work needs and
have confidential discussions
• Most likely closed plan areas
• Noise, and especially privacy are key
Between ‘spaces’
– Important to minimize sound transfer in all
directions. Design factors include primarily
robust choices of architectural elements
Solutions
– High NRC and CAC rated ceilings, high
STC rated walls, and
electronic sound
masking are all design elements consider
New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
privacy areas

37. New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
privacy areas

38. New Functional Design
Workplaces – New approach, “function drives form”
Implementing Integrated Work Page 8 ©2010 Knoll, Inc.
Layout of functional
work areas:
• Collaboration
• Focus
• Privacy

39. 4
LEED v4 approaches to Acoustic Comfort in Healthcare

40. Healthcare – New drivers, USA regulations
HIPAA Speech Privacy

41. Healthcare – New drivers, USA regulations
HCAHPS Quality Survey

42. Healthcare – New drivers
LEED v4 HC Acoustics

43. HC Evidence Based Design
EBD – Corridor Solutions, Palomar & CHD
Sound Level Monitors
installed in corridor
ceilings as noted.
Acoustic data sampled
24/7.
Healthcare – New drivers

44. Phase 3 to Phase 1 Phase 3 to Phase 1 Phase 3 to Phase 1 Phase 3 to Phase 1
T6, Elevator Lobby T6, Nurse Station3 T6, Nurse Station 1 T6, Corr Outside 611
Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night
Lmax 0.4 0.7 Lmax -0.7 0.5 Lmax -0.5 -1.4 Lmax -0.3 -2.8
L10 0.7 1.0 L10 -1.2 0.2 L10 -1.3 -1.0 L10 0.0 0.2
Leq 0.8 1.2 Leq -1.0 0.3 Leq -1.0 -0.8 Leq -0.1 -0.2
L50 0.0 1.6 L50 -1.0 -0.1 L50 -1.1 -0.2 L50 -0.1 1.1
L90 0.7 1.4 L90 -0.7 0.0 L90 -0.4 0.2 L90 0.1 1.3
Lmin 0.7 1.1 Lmin -0.4 0.0 Lmin 0.2 0.3 Lmin 0.3 1.3
HC Evidence Based Design
EBD – Corridor Solutions
Soundscape - Before P1:
 carpet (NRC 0.20)
 standard ceiling (NRC 0.55,CAC 35)
Soundscape – After P3:
 vinyl/ linoleum flooring (NRC 0.0)
 HP ceiling tile (NRC 0.75,CAC 40)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0:00
2:15
4:30
6:45
9:00
11:15
13:30
15:45
18:00
20:15
22:30
0:45
3:00
5:15
7:30
9:45
12:00
14:15
16:30
18:45
21:00
23:15
1:30
3:45
6:00
8:15
10:30
12:45
15:00
17:15
19:30
21:45
0:00
2:15
4:30
6:45
9:00
11:15
13:30
15:45
18:00
20:15
22:30
NoiseLevel(dBA)
T6, Phase 1, Nurse Station3
Lmax
Leq
Lmin
D
N
Frederick et al, Palomar Pomerado Health, 2011
Healthcare – New drivers

45. LEED v4 approaches to Acoustic Comfort in Schools
5

46. Table 1. Allowable classroom reverberation time (seconds)
USGBC LEED®
for Schools - per ANSI S12.60 Part 1. Requirements listed in the green
shaded areas are prerequisites, # indicates provision for 0.3 sec for those with disabilities.
GBCA Green Star – per AS/NZS 2107:2000. * indicates that the lower level (0.4 sec) must
be achieved for classrooms intended for students with disabilities, otherwise 0.5 sec is
acceptable
< 283 m
3
< 566m
3
> 566 m
3
LEED v4 0.6 s 0.7 s < 1.5 s
Green Star
Teaching Spaces - Primary schools
0.4 s to 0.5 s*
Education – New drivers
Green Rating Systems

47. Design for Low Reverberation (China Green Campus)
First Affiliated Primary School of Fuzhou Education College, located at
Fuzhou, Fujian Province 2011-9-22
School Evidence Based Design

48. GB 50118-2010: RT,
reverberation time,
for frequencies of
500 and 1000 HZ in
normal classroom
with volume ≤ 200m³
shall be ≤ 0.8s.
After enhancement
the RT is 0.54s,
down 65% and
meets the standard.
Product: Acoustic ceiling tile, with NRC 0.60
School Evidence Based Design

49. Objective Acoustical Modeling – EASE speech intelligibility, STI
Product: Acoustic
ceiling tile NRC 0.60
School Evidence Based Design

50. Considerations of IEQ Design in Australian Schools
6

51. Acoustic Comfort & IEQ

52. For Speech to be Intelligible to the Students we must:
1.Design for Sound Clarity w/ Architecture & Acoustics
2.Protect Sound Clarity w/ Construction & Mechanical Design
3.Consider mechanical, transportation, and activity noise
Hearing speech is not sufficient …. It must be understood!
Education – Design for and protect speech
Acoustic Comfort & IEQ

53. Acoustic Comfort & IEQ
Considerations for Design of Classrooms
• design architecture for speech clarity with RT
• design mechanical equipment for low noise (S/N) with dBA
• design exterior construction with high transmission loss (environmental noise)
with OITC
• design interior construction for high transmission loss (activity noise) with STC