The document provides information on several green buildings that have achieved certification under rating systems like GRIHA and LEED. It discusses the passive and active design strategies implemented in buildings like the Indira Paryavaran Bhawan in Delhi, Centre for Environmental Sciences & Engineering at IIT Kanpur, Anna Centenary Library in Chennai and ITC Green Centre in Gurgaon that have enabled them to minimize energy and water consumption and obtain high ratings. These strategies include optimal orientation, daylighting, natural ventilation, renewable energy systems, water harvesting and efficient HVAC and lighting designs.

1. GREEN BUILDINGS – CASE STUDY
YAMINI K
BMSSA

2. GRIHA BUILDINGS

3. GRIHA – GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESMENT
• A building throughout its life cycle consumes a lot of energy from the
manufacturing of the materials to the transportation of them to the
site.
• Not only the manufacturing but it also constitutes of the energy that
goes into demolition, etc.
• GRIHA attempts to minimize a building’s resource consumption, waste
generation, and overall ecological impact with certain criteria.
• Less energy consumption = More rating

4. INDIRA PARYAVARAN BHAWAN, DELHI.

5. INTRODUCTION
• Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, the headquarters of the Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change, in Jorbagh, New Delhi, was
constructed by the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) as
project management agency, in
The G+7 storeyed structure with 3 basements, has a plinth area of
32,000 sqm, is centrally air-conditioned with 400 TR capacity (HVAC),
has 7 lifts, and all essential services like DG sets, UPS, IBMS, fire
detection and fire-fighting systems, CCTVs, access control, automated
parking, and other electrical, landscaping and horticulture services.

6. • IPB is the office building for
the ministry of environment
and forest.
• Uses 70% less energy than the
regular buildings.
• 5 star GRIHA and LEED rated
net zero and passive green
building.
• Reduces energy by providing
natural sunlight and shade.
• Has landscape to reduce the
temperature.
• Has energy efficient active
building systems.
• Has water
recycling/harvesting plants in
the site.

7. PASSIVE STRATEGIES
• ORIENTATION – North/South. Separate blocks are connected by the corridors and central courtyards.
• LANDSCAPE – 50% of the total ground area is covered with plants and trees. Roads and paths are soft
paved foe the ground water recharge.
• DAYLIGHTING – 75% of the spaces are well lit and ventilated. Dependency on artificial lighting is
reduced.
• VENTILATION – central courtyard provides cross ventilation and stack effect to the building.
• MATERIALS USED – stone and Ferro cement Jaali, local stone for flooring, bamboo jute composite doors
and window frames, fly ash based motor and plaster, high efficiency glass, etc.

9. Vegetation throughout the site.
Stack and cross ventilation through atriums and
central courtyards.

10. ACTIVE STRATEGIES
EFFICIENT LIGHTING
• 50% more efficient than regular
buildings.
• Artificial lighting is used in
extreme situations because there
is enough daylight due to the
openings.
• Lux level sensor is used to
optimize the artificial lighting.
• Lighting is supplied by BIPV –
building integrated
photovoltaic.

11. HVAC SYSYTEMS
• Functional zoning to reduce the air
conditioning load.
• Fresh supply air is pre cooled from
toilet exhaust air through sensible &
latent heat energy recovery wheel.
• Water cooled chillers, double skin
air handling units with variable
frequency drivers(VFD)
• Chilled beams save AHU/FCU fan
power consumption by approximate
50 kW
• HVAC load of the buildings is 40
m
2
/TR, about 50% more efficient
than ECBC requirements (20
m
2
/TR)
• Chilled water is supplied at 16° C
and return temperature is 20° C.

12. HEAT EXCHANGE
• Geothermal energy is used to heat
the building
• There are 180 vertical bores to the
depth of 80 meter all along the
building premises. Minimum 3
meter distance is maintained
between any two bores.
• Each bore has HDPE pipe U-loop
(32mm outer diameter) and
grouted with Bentonite Slurry. Each
U-Loop is connected to the
condenser water pipe system in the
central air conditioning plant room.
• One U-Loop has 0.9 TR heat
rejection capacity. Combined
together, 160 TR of heat rejection is
obtained without using a cooling
tower.

13. RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Solar panels are fixed
throughout the roof of the
building.
• Total number of 2844 panels
are fixed.
• 930 kw per panel capacity.
• Rainwater harvesting plants
are placed throughout the
site.

14. CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES &
ENGINEERING BUILDING, IIT, KANPUR

15. INTRODUCTION
• The Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering at the Indian
Institute of Technology, Kanpur is conceived with the specific objective
of creating an interdisciplinary research facility integrating the fields of
engineering, science and medicine to address environmental issues.
• The Centre for Environmental Science & Engineering building has
been conceptualized, designed and constructed as a "building in the
garden" that is sustainable and environment friendly. The facility has
obtained a 5 star TERI-GRIHA Green Building certification.

16. SITE PLANNING
LANDSCAPE DURING CONSTRUCTION
 Preserve existing trees/vegetation.
 Preserve top soil.
 Collect run off water and not let it mix with clean water.
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
 Soil stabilization.
 Storm water management and filtration.
COMPENSATORY DEPOSITORY FORESTATION FOR REMOVED MATURE TREES
• Replant the number of mature trees removed in higher ratio (1:3).
DESIGN IN SYNC WITH SITE FEATURES.
• Harness onsite natural resources-solar, wind, water etc.
• Appropriate zoning to take benefit of natural site conditions.
• Measures to ensure that other buildings’ solar, wind access is not hampered.

19. OPTIMIZE ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING WITHIN SPECIFIED COMFORT
 Follow mandatory compliance measures (for all applicable buildings) as recommended in the Energy
conservation building code
 Non-air conditioned areas should satisfy thermal comfort conditions as specified in the National Building
Code, Bureau of Indian Standards, Part–8 Building services; Section 1 -Lighting and ventilation; Desirable
wind speeds m/s for thermal comfort conditions, Table 9 and 10
 Air conditioned areas’ thermal comfort conditions as specified in the National Building Code, 2005 ,Bureau of
Indian Standards Part-8 Building Services; Section 3- Air conditioning, heating and mechanical ventilation,
Section 4.4.3 inside design conditions are met for 100% of all occupied hours.

20. WATER
REDUCE WATER CONSUMPTION IN
LANDSCAPING BY 30-50%.
 Adopt measures to reduce water consumption
in landscaping.
 Progressive reduction in water consumption to
fetch more points.
REDUCE WATER USE IN BUILDINGS.
 Reduce water use over the baseline
consumption with conventional fixtures by 25-
50%.
 Progressive reduction in water consumption to
fetch more points.
EFFICIENT WATER USE DURING CONSTRUCTION.
 Adopt measures to minimize potable water use
during construction.

21. 13% ENERGY SAVINGS
OPTIMIZATION OF LIGHTING DESIGN
 Efficient fixtures
 Efficient fixtures & lamps
 Efficient layout
 Daylight integration
 Initial energy consumption: 208 kWh/m2 yr
 Energy consumption Later: 168 kWh/m2 yr
19% ENERGY SAVINGS
OPTIMIZATION OF HVAC SYSTEM
 Initial energy consumption: 168 kWh/m2 yr
 Energy consumption Later: 133 kWh/m2 yr
 Water-cooled chiller CoP=4.88 (complying
with minimum efficiency requirements of the
Energy Conservation Building Code)
21% ENERGY SAVINGS
LOW ENERGY STRATEGIES
 Initial energy consumption: 168 kWh/m2 yr
 Energy consumption Later: 133 kWh/m2 yr
 Water-cooled chiller CoP=4.88 (complying
with minimum efficiency requirements of the
Energy Conservation Building Code)

22. OPTIMIZATION OF HVAC DESIGN
 Controls used in HVAC system Variable speed
drives for chilled water pumps
 Efficient load management
 Earth air tunnel for fresh air treatment
 Initial energy consumption: 133 kWh/m2 yr
 Energy consumption Later: 98 kWh/m2 yr
26% ENERGY SAVING
ANNUAL EVERGY SAVING
 Energy requirement for a minimum 10% of
internal lighting load (for general lighting)
or its equivalent is met from renewable
energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, fuel
cells, etc.).

23. OPTIMIZATION OF
BUILDING MATERIAL &
SELECTION
 Cavity brick wall with insulation.
 Roof insulation with fiber glass.
 Shading on roof. (Double glass
for windows.)
 Initial energy consumption: 240
kWh/m2 yr
 Energy consumption Later: 208
kWh/m2 yr

24. SOLAR PASSIVE
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
STRATEGIES
 Water body to cool the micro
climate.
 Orientation of building :
North – South.
 External shading devices :
Shaded roof and windows.
 Optimized window design by
selection of Low E glass and
external shading.
 Daylight integration in all
living spaces.

25. LEED BUILDINGS

26. LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• It is an internationally recognized green building certification
system, providing third-party verification that a building or
community was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving
performance across all the metrics that matter most: energy savings,
water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor
environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and sensitivity to
their impacts.
• LEED is flexible enough to apply to all building types – commercial as
well as residential. It works throughout the building lifecycle – design
and construction, operations and maintenance, tenant fitout, and
significant retrofit. And LEED for Neighborhood Development extends
the benefits of LEED beyond the building footprint into the
neighborhood it serves.

27. ANNA CENTENARY LIBRARY BUILDING

28. INTRODUCTION
• The LEED Gold Anna Centenary Library located in Kotturpuram, India is the largest library in
Asia and one of the most sustainable.
• The Anna Centenary Library, Chennai, is a Government sponsored Institutional Complex
housing a Public Library, a multipurpose state of the art Auditorium seating 1200, an open air
Amphitheater seating 800, a Food court and other amenities covering 0.4million sft of built up
area.
The planning principles include appropriate orientation, scaling down of built mass, developing
the roof of the auditorium as amphitheater, segregating movement patterns etc.
Low-energy architecture has been achieved through an environmentally responsive design,
using both passive design features and resource efficient active elements.

29. SUSTAINABLE SITES
• The top 20 cm soil during excavation is
protected and used for landscape
applications.
• Project is located in a well-developed area
and has access to all the basic amenities,
which channels development to urban
areas with existing infrastructure.
• Project has two nearby bus stops, which
encourages the use of Mass transportation
system.
• The project is provided with 341 numbers
of car parking spaces, in which 18 car
spaces have been earmarked for car/ van
pool spaces.
• 11 number of 15-amp sockets has provided
in the parking lot to encourage the use of
electric vehicles.

30. • Extensive landscape is provided to an area of
6361 Sq. to address the heat island effect.
• Adequate rain water harvesting structures
(rain water sump and percolation pits) of
capacity 780 m3 is provided, which ensures the
good rain water harvesting and increase in
ground water table.
• A collection well/ sand filter is provided at the
lowest point of the site, which helps to remove
the sediments from storm runoff moving out of
the site.
• To reduce the heat ingress in to the building,
the library terrace area is painted with high
albedo paints and green roof is provided to
Auditorium terrace and Library terrace level at
1st, 2nd and 3rd floor.
• Efficient lighting system is designed to ensure
there is no light pollution from the project.

31. WATER EFFICIENCY
• The project is provided with onsite sewage
treatment plant of capacity 75 KLD to treat the
wastewater produced from the building.
• Only treated waste water is used for Landscape
irrigation and toilet flushing requirements
• Highly efficient Landscape irrigation systems –
Drip and Sprinkler system
• To reduce the potable water consumption, the
building uses only water efficient fixtures and
achieved water use reduction of 64 % compared
to a standard building and the flow rates are as
follows,
• Water Closet – 1.6 GPF
• Urinals – 0.4 GPF
• Wash Basin – 1.7 GPM
• Sink – 1.7 GPM
• Shower head – 1.7 GPM
• Health faucet – 0.026 GPM GPF – Gallons Per
Flush, GPM - Gallons Per Minute

32. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
• The project uses highly efficient air-cooled chillers with COP of 3.11.
• Energy saving heat recovery wheels and Demand control ventilation are provided.
• 75 mm thick over deck roof insulation of extruded polystyrene.
• Achieved a very low lighting power density of 0.71 W/ Sq. Ft against 1.3 W/Sq. Ft.
• Day light controls for perimeter areas are provided.
• Glazing (DGU) with low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of 0.2.
• Highly efficient motors, pumps and fans.
• Project achieved 17.5 % of energy use reduction compared to a standard building.
• CFC and HCFC free HVAC and Fire suppression system.
• Energy and water meters are provided at strategic locations to quantify the energy and water usage.

33. MATERIALS
• To segregate the waste generated in the
building six numbers of waste bins are provided
in each floor level and a common collection yard
at ground level with a collection area of 525 Sq.
Ft.
• 75 % of the construction wastes generated are
reused within the site and sent for recycling.
• The project used building materials with
recycled content value of 12 % by cost of the total
material cost.
• To support the regional economy and to reduce
the environmental impacts resulting from
transportation, the project used 77 % of the
building materials manufactured and extracted
locally, i.e. within 500 Mile radius.

34. INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY
• For improved occupant comfort and
wellbeing, the project is provided with,
increased fresh air of 30% more than the
ASHRAE requirements.
• Smoking prohibited Environment.
• Only low VOC products (Paints, Adhesives
and sealants), CRI certified carpet and MDF &
plywood free from urea formaldehyde resins
are used in the building.
• Only eco-friendly housekeeping chemicals
are allowed inside the building premises.

35. • Chemical rooms inside the building are
provided with deck to deck partitions and
negative differential pressure of 5 pas is
maintained.
• DCV system and CO2 sensors are provided in
densely occupied areas (more than 25 persons
in 1000 Sq. Ft.)
• 15 days building flush out is carried out prior
occupancy. MERV 8 filters were used during
flush out and MERV 13 filters after flush out.
• All the equipment and systems are protected
from dust and moisture during construction.
• Entry way mats are provided with minimum
6 feet long in all the main entrances.

37. ITC GREEN CENTRE, GURGAON

38. INTRODUCTION
• ITC is one of the corporate giants of India with a diversified business ranging
from agro products to hotels, and from FMCG to paperboards and specialty
papers etc.
• The ITC Green Center, located in Gurgaon, houses the headquarters of ITC’s
hotel business.
• The company’s endeavor has always been to minimize the direct and indirect
environmental impact of its business operations.
• It had already been producing environment-friendly office buildings, most of
which had gold LEED rating, but it went a step ahead with the ITC Green Center
to bag the highest platinum rating for the building.
• It was the first corporate building in India to have this distinction and was the
biggest platinum rated green building in the world (a floor area of 170,000
SF) in 2004 when it was certified.

39. SUSTAINABLE SITE
1. Alternative Transportation: Parking, shower &
changing facilities for bicyclists, pool cars with
charging facility.
2. Storm Water Management: Rainwater recharge pits
to ensure zero discharge into municipal drainage.
3. Heat Island Effect: 80% underground parking.
More than 75% of the terrace has been insulated
and coated with the reflective high albedo roof
paint.
4. Light Pollution Reduction: Minimum exterior
lighting to limit night sky pollution.

40. STORMWATER HARVESTING AND ZERO-
DISCHARGE WATER FACILITY
 Rainwater recharge pits are provided for water
efficiency.
 Water is treated and recycled to be used for
irrigation purposes to ensure zero discharge into
municipal drainage.
 40% less water consumption through low discharge
fixtures.
 Water treatment to ensure 40% of required potable
water.
 Along with the rainwater harvesting at ITC Green
Centre, there are interlocking tiles placed across the
landscape of our building to harvest rain water
through the grass that grows between the tiles
while ensuring 0% surface run-off.

41. INTEGRATIVE DESIGN
 Two office wings are held together by an octagonal central atrium to give it a large L-shaped figure
surrounded by an exterior landscaped court.
 This L-shape configuration reduces the effective floor width and allows more natural light to penetrate
deeper into the building.
 The L-shaped blocking also ensures that some part of the façade is always shaded so the load on air-
conditioners is reduced.
 The central atrium serves many purposes and encourages a sense of community and employee
interaction.

42. ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE
1. Energy: Exceeds ASHRAE 90.1 base case standards by 51%.
2. Envelope: External wall of 250mm thickness. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks, double glazed windows,
75mm-thick extruded polystyrene roof insulation. Extruded polystyrene (XPS) is a type of insulation material
with a high R-value, good moisture resistance, high structural strength and low weight. Extruded polystyrene is
used extensively as thermal insulation in industrial, commercial and residential construction
3. HVAC: Chillers of COP 6.1, double skinned AHUs, VFDs, VAVs, Heat Recovery Wheel.
4. Hot Water: Solar thermal technology.
5. Ozone Depletion: All HVAC equipment are free from CFC / HCFC / Halons.

43. GREEN FEATURES OF THE BUILDING
• Fly Ash based cement used
• Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) Blocks
• Double glazed windows with low-e coating
• Rain water harvesting
• Water saving techniques
• CFC, HCFC & Halon free air- conditioning system
• Energy efficient lighting (T5 lamps with electronic ballast, high efficient luminaires)
• Water efficient landscaping
• Sewage treatment plant and waste water recycling.
• Use of Low VOC, rapidly renewable & certified materials
• Eco friendly house keeping chemicals & practices
• Carbon dioxide (co2) monitoring indoor chemical & pollutant source control (Dedicated
copy printer room with independent exhaust) indoor air quality (iaq) system.
• Optimized energy performance through efficient designs light pollution reduction ozone
protection ( by using cfc, hcfc & halon free refrigerants) water use reduction storm water
management
• Use of recycled materials
• CO2 monitoring systems in AHU (operates when internal co2 is 530ppm Or more than
external atmosphere)20 days flush out of entire building air prior to occupation