The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized network protocol used on Internet
Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP
addresses for interfaces and services. With DHCP, computers request IP addresses and networking
parameters automatically from a DHCP server, reducing the need for a network administrator or a user
to configure these settings manually.
The document discusses DHCP and how to configure a DHCP server on Windows Server 2008. DHCP allows automatic assignment of IP addresses and configuration settings to clients on a network. To set up a DHCP server, the DHCP server role is added to a server using the Add Roles Wizard. This presents configuration pages for binding network adapters, setting DNS/WINS options, adding DHCP scopes to define IP address ranges, and authorizing the DHCP server. Key options configured include DNS servers, domain names, and WINS servers to provide additional settings to DHCP clients.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to automatically assign IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways and other network configuration options to clients on a network. DHCP reduces network configuration workload. It uses a four step packet exchange process during the initial IP address lease and will attempt renewal at 50% and 87.5% of the lease time. DHCP servers must be authorized in Active Directory to lease addresses. Scopes are configured to define address ranges for clients, reservations assign specific addresses by MAC address, and relays allow a single DHCP server to service multiple subnets.
DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients. It simplifies network installation and maintenance. A DHCP server uses a pool of IP addresses to assign to clients through UDP packets. A router can be configured as a DHCP server through commands that define an address pool, default gateway, and excluded addresses.
1) DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses to clients on a network and is composed of four packet types during the lease process.
2) DHCP clients attempt to renew their leases at specific intervals before the lease expires.
3) DHCP servers must be authorized in Active Directory to lease addresses to clients if Active Directory is present.
The document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which allows clients to obtain IP addresses and network configuration automatically from a DHCP server. It describes the DHCP operations, configuration steps including creating a DHCP pool, default gateway, and excluded addresses. It also covers DHCP scopes such as super-scope and multi-scope that span multiple subnets and multicast scopes using class D addresses.
The document provides an overview of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) including its history, operation, message types, client states, security considerations, and future developments. It also outlines testing procedures for DHCP clients and servers to validate their basic functionality and behaviors.
It's a presentation on DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) in networking. Everyone can take help from this presentation. I hope it would be helpful for all of you. Enjoy your day. Thank you.keep sharing
The document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). It describes DHCP as a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients. DHCP was first defined in 1993 and standardized in 1997 to provide IP addresses and configuration information to clients on IPV4 networks. It helps eliminate manual configuration tasks. The document outlines the history, technical overview, methods (dynamic allocation, automatic allocation, static allocation), reliability features, differences from BOOTP, security considerations, and concludes that DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses when systems are started on a network.
The document discusses DHCP and how to configure a DHCP server on Windows Server 2008. DHCP allows automatic assignment of IP addresses and configuration settings to clients on a network. To set up a DHCP server, the DHCP server role is added to a server using the Add Roles Wizard. This presents configuration pages for binding network adapters, setting DNS/WINS options, adding DHCP scopes to define IP address ranges, and authorizing the DHCP server. Key options configured include DNS servers, domain names, and WINS servers to provide additional settings to DHCP clients.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to automatically assign IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways and other network configuration options to clients on a network. DHCP reduces network configuration workload. It uses a four step packet exchange process during the initial IP address lease and will attempt renewal at 50% and 87.5% of the lease time. DHCP servers must be authorized in Active Directory to lease addresses. Scopes are configured to define address ranges for clients, reservations assign specific addresses by MAC address, and relays allow a single DHCP server to service multiple subnets.
DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients. It simplifies network installation and maintenance. A DHCP server uses a pool of IP addresses to assign to clients through UDP packets. A router can be configured as a DHCP server through commands that define an address pool, default gateway, and excluded addresses.
1) DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses to clients on a network and is composed of four packet types during the lease process.
2) DHCP clients attempt to renew their leases at specific intervals before the lease expires.
3) DHCP servers must be authorized in Active Directory to lease addresses to clients if Active Directory is present.
The document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which allows clients to obtain IP addresses and network configuration automatically from a DHCP server. It describes the DHCP operations, configuration steps including creating a DHCP pool, default gateway, and excluded addresses. It also covers DHCP scopes such as super-scope and multi-scope that span multiple subnets and multicast scopes using class D addresses.
The document provides an overview of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) including its history, operation, message types, client states, security considerations, and future developments. It also outlines testing procedures for DHCP clients and servers to validate their basic functionality and behaviors.
It's a presentation on DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) in networking. Everyone can take help from this presentation. I hope it would be helpful for all of you. Enjoy your day. Thank you.keep sharing
The document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). It describes DHCP as a network protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients. DHCP was first defined in 1993 and standardized in 1997 to provide IP addresses and configuration information to clients on IPV4 networks. It helps eliminate manual configuration tasks. The document outlines the history, technical overview, methods (dynamic allocation, automatic allocation, static allocation), reliability features, differences from BOOTP, security considerations, and concludes that DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses when systems are started on a network.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that automatically provides IP hosts with IP addresses and other configuration information from a DHCP server. It uses UDP and works by having clients broadcast discover messages to locate servers, which respond with offer messages containing IP addresses and configuration options. Servers then acknowledge address assignments, while also allowing reservations of specific addresses and exclusions of certain ranges. Windows Server backs up the DHCP database and configuration every 60 minutes for restoration using the netsh command.
DHCP is a protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. It uses a client-server model where DHCP clients make requests to DHCP servers which maintain pools of addresses. A DHCP client will broadcast requests at initialization and use a 4-step process to get an address assigned. It will later enter renewal states to extend its lease before initialization again if needed. This allows for efficient dynamic allocation and management of IP addresses on a network.
CCNA ppt designed on project remote connectivity using frame relay, and many more... best for project purpose. anyone want project will also contact me..
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to assign IP address To various Clients Requesting it. It uses BOOTP protocol but it also provides dynamic configurations..Various Uses Are mentioned In the slide..This u will find helpful and find interesting..
IP addressing and subnetting allows networks to be logically organized and divided. The key objectives covered include explaining IP address classes, configuring addresses, subnetting networks, and advanced concepts like CIDR, summarization, and VLSM. Transitioning to IPv6 is also discussed as a way to address the depletion of IPv4 addresses and improve security.
DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to computers on a network. It uses a four-step process (DHCP discover, offer, request, and acknowledge) to lease IP addresses with default durations of 8 days. DHCP servers maintain address pools and can grant static reservations. Relay agents are required for DHCP to function across routers by forwarding broadcast packets as unicast.
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationDsunte Wilson
This document provides an overview of basic switching concepts and Cisco switch configuration. It explains Ethernet and how switches work to segment networks and reduce collisions. Switches operate at the data link layer and learn MAC addresses to forward frames efficiently. The document discusses switch configuration using commands like hostname, interface, duplex, and port security. It compares switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through forwarding. The summary reiterates how switches divide collision domains to improve performance over shared-medium Ethernet.
This document discusses IP addressing and classful addressing in TCP/IP networking. It covers the following key points:
- IP addresses are 32-bit addresses that uniquely identify devices on the Internet. They are organized into classes A, B, C, D and E based on the binary pattern of the address.
- Classful addressing allocates address blocks to organizations based on these classes. However, this led to inefficient address usage and rapid depletion of available addresses.
- Subnetting and supernetting were introduced to allow better allocation of addresses within the original classful blocks through the use of subnet and supernet masks. However, classful addressing is now mostly obsolete.
This document discusses network application performance and ways to improve it. It covers topics like delay, throughput, jitter, quality of service (QoS), and performance measurement tools. Key points include identifying various sources of delay like processing, retransmissions, queueing, and propagation. It also discusses transport protocols TCP and UDP, and ways to optimize TCP performance through techniques like jumbo frames, path MTU discovery, window scaling, and selective acknowledgements. The roles of different network stakeholders in ensuring good performance are also mentioned.
This presentation Briefly Describe the DHCP Protocol operations in General . It Will Be more beneficial to Computer Science Engineering Students who Studies Advanced Computer Networks in their .DHCP is one of their topic in the prescribed Syllabus
This document discusses subnetting and provides examples. It describes subnetting as breaking up a large network into smaller subnets. Subnetting allows creating multiple networks from a single address block and maximizes addressing efficiency. The document then provides examples of subnetting a network using CIDR notation and calculating the number of subnets, hosts per subnet, valid IP ranges, and broadcast addresses. It also discusses an example of optimally subnetting the IP addresses needed across different departments within a university based on their host requirements.
The document discusses IP addressing basics including MAC addresses, IP addresses, private and public IP addresses, and subnetting. It provides examples of MAC addresses, ifconfig output showing MAC and IP addresses, private IP address ranges, and how to break up a Class C network into multiple subnets using subnet masks.
DHCP is a protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients. It allows administrators to change network settings centrally on the DHCP server rather than having to configure each client individually. The DHCP server uses the dhcpd.conf configuration file and dhcpd.leases database to manage IP addresses and other settings for clients on the network. The DHCP relay agent can forward requests from clients without a local DHCP server to servers on other subnets.
The document discusses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), including:
- DHCP automates IP address assignment from a central server, simplifying network configuration.
- It works via the DORA process of discovery, offer, request, and acknowledgement between clients and servers.
- Advantages include easier management of large networks and automatic propagation of configuration changes.
- Disadvantages include the server being a single point of failure and potential for misconfiguration to spread.
- Key DHCP concepts discussed are scopes for managing address pools, exclusions, reservations, and relay agents.
This document provides an overview of Cisco systems and basic router configuration. It defines Cisco as a networking company and discusses the basic components and functions of a router, including how routers use routing tables to determine the best path for forwarding packets. It also introduces Packet Tracer, a network simulation program, and covers topics like configuring router interfaces, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols.
Installing and configuring a dhcp on windows server 2016 step by stepAhmed Abdelwahed
This lab provides the required knowledge to install and manage the DHCP on Windows Server 2016:
Contents
Lab Objective.
Install DHCP role.
DHCP Post Installation Configuration.
DHCP Authorization.
Configuring DHCP.
Create and configure new scope.
Test DHCP functionality from Windows Client (Windows 10).
How DHCP client obtain automatic IP address (DORA).
DHCP Scope Options.
Address leases.
DHCP Exclusion.
DHCP Reservation.
DHCP Filter.
Scope and Server options.
DHCP Classes.
Testing DHCP Class.
DHCP Statistics.
DHCP Advanced Options.
Integration with DNS.
Conflict detection.
DHCP Maintenance.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a standard protocol that allows devices on a network to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration parameters automatically from a DHCP server. The DHCP client-server model involves clients broadcasting requests and servers responding with offers of IP addresses and network information. Servers track IP address leases in databases to allow for dynamic allocation and recycling of addresses over time as clients join and leave the network. DHCP supports both static and dynamic allocation of IP addresses to provide flexibility in network configuration.
The document discusses Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP). It describes VTP as a Cisco proprietary protocol that exchanges VLAN information across trunk links, allowing network managers to distribute VLAN configurations to all switches in the same domain. The document outlines the key components of VTP, including domains, advertisements, and pruning. It also details the different VTP modes of server, client, and transparent and how they operate. The benefits of using VTP for VLAN management are presented, along with some common VTP configuration issues.
DHCP evolved from RARP and BOOTP protocols to dynamically assign IP addresses to clients on a network. The DHCP server maintains a pool of IP addresses and configuration information. When a client requests an IP, the DHCP server allocates one from the pool along with other configuration and leases it to the client for a set time. This allows for IP addresses to be reused more efficiently as clients connect and disconnect from the network.
This document discusses DHCP, DNS, and proxy servers. It provides instructions on how to install and configure DHCP and DNS servers in Windows Server 2008. It explains what DHCP, DNS, and proxy servers are and their purposes. DHCP assigns IP addresses to clients, DNS maps domain names to IP addresses, and proxy servers allow indirect network connections between clients and other servers.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol that automatically provides IP hosts with IP addresses and other configuration information from a DHCP server. It uses UDP and works by having clients broadcast discover messages to locate servers, which respond with offer messages containing IP addresses and configuration options. Servers then acknowledge address assignments, while also allowing reservations of specific addresses and exclusions of certain ranges. Windows Server backs up the DHCP database and configuration every 60 minutes for restoration using the netsh command.
DHCP is a protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. It uses a client-server model where DHCP clients make requests to DHCP servers which maintain pools of addresses. A DHCP client will broadcast requests at initialization and use a 4-step process to get an address assigned. It will later enter renewal states to extend its lease before initialization again if needed. This allows for efficient dynamic allocation and management of IP addresses on a network.
CCNA ppt designed on project remote connectivity using frame relay, and many more... best for project purpose. anyone want project will also contact me..
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is used to assign IP address To various Clients Requesting it. It uses BOOTP protocol but it also provides dynamic configurations..Various Uses Are mentioned In the slide..This u will find helpful and find interesting..
IP addressing and subnetting allows networks to be logically organized and divided. The key objectives covered include explaining IP address classes, configuring addresses, subnetting networks, and advanced concepts like CIDR, summarization, and VLSM. Transitioning to IPv6 is also discussed as a way to address the depletion of IPv4 addresses and improve security.
DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to computers on a network. It uses a four-step process (DHCP discover, offer, request, and acknowledge) to lease IP addresses with default durations of 8 days. DHCP servers maintain address pools and can grant static reservations. Relay agents are required for DHCP to function across routers by forwarding broadcast packets as unicast.
CCNA Basic Switching and Switch ConfigurationDsunte Wilson
This document provides an overview of basic switching concepts and Cisco switch configuration. It explains Ethernet and how switches work to segment networks and reduce collisions. Switches operate at the data link layer and learn MAC addresses to forward frames efficiently. The document discusses switch configuration using commands like hostname, interface, duplex, and port security. It compares switching methods like store-and-forward and cut-through forwarding. The summary reiterates how switches divide collision domains to improve performance over shared-medium Ethernet.
This document discusses IP addressing and classful addressing in TCP/IP networking. It covers the following key points:
- IP addresses are 32-bit addresses that uniquely identify devices on the Internet. They are organized into classes A, B, C, D and E based on the binary pattern of the address.
- Classful addressing allocates address blocks to organizations based on these classes. However, this led to inefficient address usage and rapid depletion of available addresses.
- Subnetting and supernetting were introduced to allow better allocation of addresses within the original classful blocks through the use of subnet and supernet masks. However, classful addressing is now mostly obsolete.
This document discusses network application performance and ways to improve it. It covers topics like delay, throughput, jitter, quality of service (QoS), and performance measurement tools. Key points include identifying various sources of delay like processing, retransmissions, queueing, and propagation. It also discusses transport protocols TCP and UDP, and ways to optimize TCP performance through techniques like jumbo frames, path MTU discovery, window scaling, and selective acknowledgements. The roles of different network stakeholders in ensuring good performance are also mentioned.
This presentation Briefly Describe the DHCP Protocol operations in General . It Will Be more beneficial to Computer Science Engineering Students who Studies Advanced Computer Networks in their .DHCP is one of their topic in the prescribed Syllabus
This document discusses subnetting and provides examples. It describes subnetting as breaking up a large network into smaller subnets. Subnetting allows creating multiple networks from a single address block and maximizes addressing efficiency. The document then provides examples of subnetting a network using CIDR notation and calculating the number of subnets, hosts per subnet, valid IP ranges, and broadcast addresses. It also discusses an example of optimally subnetting the IP addresses needed across different departments within a university based on their host requirements.
The document discusses IP addressing basics including MAC addresses, IP addresses, private and public IP addresses, and subnetting. It provides examples of MAC addresses, ifconfig output showing MAC and IP addresses, private IP address ranges, and how to break up a Class C network into multiple subnets using subnet masks.
DHCP is a protocol that automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients. It allows administrators to change network settings centrally on the DHCP server rather than having to configure each client individually. The DHCP server uses the dhcpd.conf configuration file and dhcpd.leases database to manage IP addresses and other settings for clients on the network. The DHCP relay agent can forward requests from clients without a local DHCP server to servers on other subnets.
The document discusses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), including:
- DHCP automates IP address assignment from a central server, simplifying network configuration.
- It works via the DORA process of discovery, offer, request, and acknowledgement between clients and servers.
- Advantages include easier management of large networks and automatic propagation of configuration changes.
- Disadvantages include the server being a single point of failure and potential for misconfiguration to spread.
- Key DHCP concepts discussed are scopes for managing address pools, exclusions, reservations, and relay agents.
This document provides an overview of Cisco systems and basic router configuration. It defines Cisco as a networking company and discusses the basic components and functions of a router, including how routers use routing tables to determine the best path for forwarding packets. It also introduces Packet Tracer, a network simulation program, and covers topics like configuring router interfaces, static routes, and dynamic routing protocols.
Installing and configuring a dhcp on windows server 2016 step by stepAhmed Abdelwahed
This lab provides the required knowledge to install and manage the DHCP on Windows Server 2016:
Contents
Lab Objective.
Install DHCP role.
DHCP Post Installation Configuration.
DHCP Authorization.
Configuring DHCP.
Create and configure new scope.
Test DHCP functionality from Windows Client (Windows 10).
How DHCP client obtain automatic IP address (DORA).
DHCP Scope Options.
Address leases.
DHCP Exclusion.
DHCP Reservation.
DHCP Filter.
Scope and Server options.
DHCP Classes.
Testing DHCP Class.
DHCP Statistics.
DHCP Advanced Options.
Integration with DNS.
Conflict detection.
DHCP Maintenance.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a standard protocol that allows devices on a network to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration parameters automatically from a DHCP server. The DHCP client-server model involves clients broadcasting requests and servers responding with offers of IP addresses and network information. Servers track IP address leases in databases to allow for dynamic allocation and recycling of addresses over time as clients join and leave the network. DHCP supports both static and dynamic allocation of IP addresses to provide flexibility in network configuration.
The document discusses Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP). It describes VTP as a Cisco proprietary protocol that exchanges VLAN information across trunk links, allowing network managers to distribute VLAN configurations to all switches in the same domain. The document outlines the key components of VTP, including domains, advertisements, and pruning. It also details the different VTP modes of server, client, and transparent and how they operate. The benefits of using VTP for VLAN management are presented, along with some common VTP configuration issues.
DHCP evolved from RARP and BOOTP protocols to dynamically assign IP addresses to clients on a network. The DHCP server maintains a pool of IP addresses and configuration information. When a client requests an IP, the DHCP server allocates one from the pool along with other configuration and leases it to the client for a set time. This allows for IP addresses to be reused more efficiently as clients connect and disconnect from the network.
This document discusses DHCP, DNS, and proxy servers. It provides instructions on how to install and configure DHCP and DNS servers in Windows Server 2008. It explains what DHCP, DNS, and proxy servers are and their purposes. DHCP assigns IP addresses to clients, DNS maps domain names to IP addresses, and proxy servers allow indirect network connections between clients and other servers.
A DHCP scope defines a range of IP addresses that a DHCP server can assign to clients on a particular subnet. Scopes must be defined and activated before clients can obtain IP addresses from the DHCP server. Scopes can be configured for each subnet and common properties of scopes include the IP address range, subnet mask, lease duration, and scope name.
The document provides the configuration steps to complete an IPv6 lab topology including:
1. Configure routing protocols EIGRP, OSPF, and RIP on each router as specified in the topology.
2. Enable tunneling between IPv6 and IPv4 interfaces to allow communication across the different address families.
3. Configure specific routing protocols over the tunnels, including EIGRP 111 between R4 and R5 and RIP between R2 and R6.
4. Redistribute routes between protocols to ensure all routers receive routes from each other protocol.
IP Address is a unique identification given to Host, network device, server for data communication. IP
Address stand for Internet Protocol address, it is an addressing scheme used to identify a system on a
network. It is a unique address that certain electronic devices currently use to communicate with each
other on a network using internet protocol.
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) extends a private network across a public network, such as the
Internet.
A VPN is a network that uses a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide
remote offices or individual users with secure access to their organization's network. A VPN ensures
privacy through security procedures and tunneling protocols such as the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
(L2TP). Data is encrypted at the sending end and decrypted at the receiving end.
Networking Devices are units that mediate data in a computer network and are also called network equipment. Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts or data terminal equipment.
Wireless networks come in many different forms, cover various distances, and provide a range of low to
high bandwidth depending on the type installed. Wireless LAN – Wireless LAN enable Laptop users to
access the Network of a company.
1. The document describes configuring EIGRP routing on a network topology. This includes configuring EIGRP routing processes and interfaces, modifying timers, enabling authentication, adjusting metrics, ensuring all routes are learned, implementing route summarization, and filtering routes.
2. Key tasks are configuring EIGRP routing processes on each router with associated networks, changing timers on EIGRP process 200, enabling MD5 authentication between R4 and R5, adjusting metrics for EIGRP 100, redistributing between EIGRP processes, and summarizing loopback routes on R5 and R7.
3. The solution provides the configuration commands needed to complete each task, such as enabling EIGRP routing on
Here are the key steps to configure RIPv2 on Router1:
1. Enter configuration mode:
Router1> enable
Router1# configure terminal
2. Configure the FastEthernet 0/0 interface:
Router1(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/0
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
Router1(config-if)# no shutdown
3. Configure the Serial 0/0 interface:
Router1(config-if)# interface Serial 0/0
Router1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.23.1 255.255.255.252
Router1(config-if
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) resolves physically redundant topologies into loop-free, tree-like
topologies. The biggest issue with STP is that some hardware failures can cause it to fail. This failure
creates forwarding loops (or STP loops). Major network outages are caused by STP loops.
The loop guard STP feature that is intended to improve the stability of the Layer 2 networks. This
document also describes Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) skew detection. BPDU skew detection is a
diagnostic feature that generates syslog messages when BPDUs are not received in time.
The document provides instructions for configuring IPv6 on a network topology. It includes tasks to configure IPv6 addresses on routers, configure Frame-Relay over IPv6, assign IPv6 addresses to routers through autoconfiguration, and configure OSPF routing between the routers.
For some very basic VRF configuration follow the steps:
1. Enters VRF configuration mode and assigns a VRF name.
Router(config)#ip vrf vrf-name
2. Creates a VPN route distinguisher (RD) following one of the 16bit-ASN:32bit-number or 32bitIP:16bit-number explained above
Router(config-vrf)#rd route-distinguisher
3. Creates a list of import and/or export route target communities for the specified VRF.
Router(config-vrf)# route-target {import | export | both} route-distinguisher
4. (Optional step) Associates the specified route map with the VRF.
Router(config-vrf)# import map route-map
TCP Intercept was developed to protect servers and other resources from Denial-of-Service (DoS)
attacks, specifically TCP SYN attacks.
Just as the name says, TCP Intercept captures incoming TCP requests. Instead of allowing direct access
to the server, TCP Intercept acts as an intermediary, establishing a connection to the server on behalf of
the requesting client.
TCP Intercept will block a client if too many incoming connections are attempted.
A network consists of a collection of computers, printers and other compatible equipment/ hardware
that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other.
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the latest version of the
Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that
provides an identification and location system for computers
on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
IPv4 & IPv6 are not designed to be interoperable, complicating
the transition to IPv6. However, several IPv6 transition
mechanisms have been devised to permit communication
between IPv4 and IPv6 hosts.
DHCP allows devices on a network to obtain IP addresses and other configuration information automatically from a DHCP server. The document discusses DHCP's history from BOOTP, its purpose in dynamically assigning IP addresses, and the message formats and state machine involved in the allocation process. Key aspects include DHCP clients broadcasting discovery messages to locate servers, servers responding with address offers, and an acknowledgment exchanged upon address selection.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network so they can communicate using IP. DHCP automates and centrally manages IP address configuration, eliminating the need for manual configuration. DHCP runs at the application layer of TCP/IP to assign IP addresses and configuration information like subnet masks and DNS addresses to clients from an address pool managed by DHCP servers.
The document provides information about configuring DHCP in Cisco IOS including:
- DHCP provides configuration parameters like IP addresses and lease times to network hosts from a DHCP server.
- By default, Cisco routers include DHCP server and relay agent software. DHCP supports automatic, dynamic, and manual IP address allocation.
- Configuring DHCP involves enabling DHCP services, configuring excluded addresses, DHCP pools for available addresses, and optional settings like DNS servers and lease times. Manual bindings can also be configured to assign specific addresses.
This ppt contains what is dhcp, it's need, advantages, disadvantages, IP address assignment process and types, DHCP architecture and lastly some differences.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) automatically provides devices on a network with IP addresses and other configuration information from a DHCP server. A DHCP client broadcasts a request, the DHCP server receives it and offers an available IP address with a lease time. The client then sends a request for that IP address and the server confirms by sending an acknowledgment. DHCP reduces issues caused by static IP address conflicts and makes managing IP addresses easier for network administrators.
The document discusses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which is a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to devices on a network. It describes how DHCP automates and centrally manages IP address assignment so that devices do not need their IP addresses manually configured. The key aspects covered are that DHCP allows for plug-and-play installation of devices on networks, reduces administration overhead, and helps prevent address conflicts.
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
provides a framework for passing configuration information
to hosts on a UDP network. Computers that are connected to
IP networks must be configured before they can communicate
with other hosts. The most essential information needed is
an IP address. DHCP eliminates the manual task by a network
administrator. DHCP is based on the Bootstrap Protocol
(BOOTP), adding the capability of automatic allocation of
reusable network addresses and additional configuration
options. DHCP captures the behavior of BOOTP relay agents,
and DHCP participants can interoperate with BOOTP
participants. Proposed system, i.e., Customized DHCP aims
to give the security for DHCP, which was not present in the
older one and it uses UDP instead of TCP thus reducing the
number of fields as compared to the old DHCP, in turn which
decreases the execution time and still providing the basic
functionality of the usual DHCP.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network management protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. DHCP automates and centrally manages IP address configuration, eliminating the need for manual configuration. It works by having DHCP clients broadcast a request for an IP address, to which the DHCP server responds by providing the client with an IP address and other configuration information from its address pool for a specified lease time. Key components of DHCP include DHCP servers, clients, IP address pools, subnets, and leases. Benefits of DHCP include centralized administration of IP configurations, seamless and dynamic host configuration, and increased flexibility and scalability.
This document discusses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP allows devices on a network to obtain IP addresses and other network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server. It is a client-server protocol that involves 4 steps: discovery of the DHCP server, offers of IP addresses from one or more servers, a request from the client for a specific offered address, and an acknowledgment from the server with the assigned address. DHCP simplifies network administration by automating the assignment of IP addresses and configuration settings to devices on the network.
DHCP is a protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration parameters to clients on a network. It allows for centralized management of IP addresses and helps conserve IP addresses. A DHCP server manages pools of IP addresses and related configurations to hand out to DHCP client software installed on other devices on the network to automatically obtain IP addresses and other networking settings as needed. A DHCP relay agent can help extend DHCP services to remote subnets that don't have direct access to the DHCP server.
The document discusses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). DHCP is a network protocol that dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network. When a device connects to a network, it sends a DHCP request to obtain an IP address and other network configuration information from a DHCP server. This allows devices to connect to the network and communicate without needing manual configuration of IP addresses.
This document provides information on understanding and troubleshooting DHCP in Catalyst switch or enterprise networks. It discusses key DHCP concepts, example scenarios using Cisco routers and switches, an overview of DHCP including the client-server model and messages. It also covers troubleshooting techniques such as decoding sniffer traces and case studies on troubleshooting when clients cannot obtain DHCP addresses.
This presentation is great introduction to the dynamic host configuraton protocol "DHCP".
It also provides more protocol based details together with the comparison to BOOTP protocol.
The document provides instructions on configuring DHCPv4 services. It discusses DHCPv4 concepts like how DHCPv4 operates between clients and servers using messages like DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER, DHCPREQUEST and DHCPACK. It then provides steps to configure a DHCPv4 server by excluding addresses, defining pools, and assigning default gateways and DNS servers. Additional sections explain how to configure a DHCPv4 relay on a router to forward requests to a server, and how to configure a Cisco router as a DHCPv4 client.
The document discusses Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). DHCP is a function that automatically assigns temporary IP addresses to devices connecting to a network. It eliminates the need for manual, static address assignment. DHCP resides on a router or server and assigns IP addresses from a predefined range. The process involves DHCP discovery, offering an IP address, a client request, and server acknowledgement of the assigned address with a lease duration.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to computers on a network. It uses a four-step process (DHCP Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge) to lease IP addresses with default durations of 8 days, with clients attempting to renew leases at 50% of the lease time. DHCP servers are configured by creating scopes to distribute address pools and reservations for specific clients. Relay agents are used to allow a single DHCP server to service multiple subnets by forwarding DHCP packets across routers.
DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It is a network management protocol that enables a server to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration settings to devices on a network.
The document discusses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), which automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration settings to devices on a network. It works using a client-server model, with DHCP clients broadcasting discovery messages and DHCP servers responding with offered addresses. The DHCP process involves clients sending discovery messages, servers responding with offered addresses, clients requesting an address, and servers acknowledging the address assignment. IP addresses are assigned through leases that periodically renew to keep devices configured on the network.
Similar to DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) (20)
The document describes setting up static routes on 7 routers (R1-R7) to allow connectivity between all routers and PCs in a network topology. It involves configuring IP addresses and static routes on each router's interfaces according to the topology diagram, so that each router has a route to every other subnet and can ping all other routers and PCs.
This document outlines the steps to configure HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) on two multi-layer switches (MLS1 and MLS2) including: configuring IP addresses, EIGRP routing, web server and NTP server, setting MLS1 as the active router, tracking the state of interfaces, using HSRP for load balancing between the routers, and enabling NAT on the border router for internal traffic.
The document provides instructions for a lab on route redistribution between OSPF, EIGRP and RIP routing protocols. It involves configuring the routing protocols on various routers as specified in the topology, including redistributing routes between protocols. It also requires summarizing loopback routes between areas and protocols.
Route redistribution involves sharing routes between different routing protocols. Challenges include incompatible metrics between protocols and routing loops or suboptimal paths that can occur from redistributing routes back into their origin domain. Route maps, distribution lists, and adjusting administrative distances can control redistribution and prevent issues like feedback of routes into their source protocol.
The document describes tasks for configuring a zone-based firewall on Router 1:
1. Create an inside and outside zone on Router 1's interfaces; apply an inspect policy between the zones to allow necessary traffic.
2. Configure R2 to ping R3 by name by adding DNS and host entries.
3. Configure R2 to copy a file from R4's HTTP server using the file path and name.
4. Configure R2 as the NTP server and have the other routers synchronize to it after applying necessary firewall policies.
The document provides the configuration steps for a lab exercise on BGP. The steps include:
1. Configuring IBGP and EBGP neighborships between routers as shown in the topology diagram using loopback addresses.
2. Advertising loopback networks in BGP to ensure all routers have the routing information.
3. Configuring route reflectors to reduce the number of neighbor relationships needed.
4. Setting preferences for best paths between routers for certain networks.
This document provides instructions for completing 12 tasks to configure access control lists on routers. The tasks include configuring IP addresses, inter-VLAN routing, EIGRP routing, DNS, Telnet/SSH access, and ACLs to restrict traffic between VLANs and access to websites based on the VLAN. Detailed configuration steps are provided for each router to implement the access controls and routing as outlined in the tasks.
1. The document provides instructions for configuring OSPF routing, filtering LSAs, and summarizing routes between OSPF areas on a network with multiple routers.
2. Tasks include configuring OSPF on each router, filtering routes between areas, redistributing EIGRP routes into OSPF, and using prefix lists and route summarization.
3. The solution shows the OSPF and redistribution configurations needed on each router to implement the requested tasks and filters.
The document describes the tasks and solution for a lab on VLANs and trunking. The tasks are to: 1) Configure IP addresses as shown in the topology, 2) Create DHCP servers for VLANs 10 and 20, 3) Configure SW1 as the VTP server and the others as clients with the domain "netwaxlab.com", 4) Ensure PCs get IP addresses via DHCP, and 5) Allow communication between PCs 9 and 10 which have different IPs on the same VLAN. The solution describes the configurations needed on the switches to accomplish these tasks.
The document provides instructions for configuring an ASA firewall to:
1. Configure security levels and interfaces for DMZ and DMZ1 subnets.
2. Enable ping access between the DMZ and DMZ1 interfaces.
3. Restrict telnet access to the ASA to only the R2 host.
4. Enable SSH access to the ASA from the ISP subnet only.
5. Apply PAT for the Inside, DMZ and DMZ1 interfaces.
6. Allow the ISP to telnet to the R2 host using port 2487.
The document describes tasks to configure NAT on routers R1 and R2. This includes dynamically NATing internal networks and loopbacks to external IP ranges, PAT for some internal networks, and static NAT for R7's loopbacks. EIGRP is configured internally with redistribution. Access-lists are used to define the NAT source addresses and pools are used to map them to external IP ranges. Connectivity to external sites is tested with ping.
This document provides instructions for configuring cut-through proxy on an ASA firewall. It includes steps to configure interfaces, ACLs, AAA authentication with an ISE server, a virtual Telnet IP, and verification tests. The goal is to allow a client to Telnet to a virtual IP on the ASA that will authenticate with ISE and cut through to permit access to a real host IP if authentication succeeds.
The document describes the steps to configure dynamic routing, site-to-site VPN, and network access between devices in a lab topology. The tasks include: 1) Configuring IP addresses and dynamic routing protocols on routers and firewalls, 2) Establishing connectivity between all devices, 3) Implementing NAT and VPN services on the firewalls to allow communication between specified subnets, and 4) Opening a non-standard port for remote access between two routers via one of the firewalls.
1. The document describes configuring IP addresses, DNS, a site-to-site GRE VPN between routers R5 and R6, and a DMVPN network between routers R1, R2, and R3.
2. For the GRE VPN, ISAKMP and IPsec are configured on R5 and R6 using a preshared key of "netwaxlab" to secure the GRE tunnel.
3. For the DMVPN, R1 is configured as a hub router and R2 and R3 as spoke routers. ISAKMP and IPsec are configured using a preshared key of "netwaxlab" to secure the GRE tunnels between the routers.
The document describes configuring VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) on routers R1 and R2. It involves:
1. Configuring R1 as the master for VRRP group 1 using virtual IP 10.0.0.254 and authentication.
2. Configuring R2 as the master for load-balanced VRRP group 2 using virtual IP 10.0.0.193 and a different authentication string.
3. Enabling tracking on both routers so that the priority of the backup router decreases if the route to the opposite network fails, allowing it to take over as master.
1. The document describes tasks for configuring a role-based CLI, including configuring IP addresses, routing protocols, VPN tunnels, and access privileges for different devices.
2. It provides configuration steps for R2 and R3 to enable PAT for inside networks and configure a site-to-site VPN between them with IPsec.
3. PC5 is given full access to R13 but can only use show commands on R14, while PC4 is limited to the show history command on R11.
1. The document describes configuring high availability routing between two firewalls (ASA1 and ASA2) using failover, and between two routers (MLS3 and R2) using HSRP.
2. It provides configuration examples for failover on the ASAs, HSRP on MLS3 and R2, PAT on the ASA and R2, and EIGRP routing between the ASA and MLS3.
3. It also specifies default gateways for different PCs to reach R1 via the active HSRP router.
1. The document describes the configuration steps for a lab exercise involving BGP routing. It includes tasks to configure IP addresses, IBGP, HSRP, servers, and BGP routing on multiple routers as shown in the given topology diagram.
2. Key steps are to configure IBGP between routers R1-R4, HSRP between R5-R6, servers on R6, and BGP routing between all routers as specified in the tasks and topology, including IBGP, EBGP, route reflectors, and BGP confederations.
3. The goal is to verify connectivity between loopbacks and servers across the different BGP and IBGP domains as configured.
1. The document describes tasks for configuring OSPF routing on a network topology.
2. Key configurations include enabling OSPF on each router, configuring authentication for Area 1, summarizing loopback routes on R4, and preventing Area 3 routers from receiving routes from other areas.
3. PAT is configured on routers R1 and R11 to allow traffic from multiple private networks to use a single public IP address.
This document describes the configuration of a network topology with VLANs, trunking, routing, and NAT. The key tasks are:
1. Configure switches and routing with VLANs, VTP, EIGRP, and trunking to separate traffic from different client groups.
2. Perform PAT on routers R1 and R2 to allow clients to access the internet.
3. Configure a web server for clients to access via its IP address or domain name.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol)
1. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a standardized network protocol used on Internet
Protocol (IP) networks for dynamically distributing network configuration parameters, such as IP
addresses for interfaces and services. With DHCP, computers request IP addresses and networking
parameters automatically from a DHCP server, reducing the need for a network administrator or a user
to configure these settings manually.
Depending on implementation, the DHCP server may have three methods of allocating
IP-addresses:
1. Dynamic Allocation: A network administrator reserves a range of IP addresses for DHCP, and
each client computer on the LAN is configured to request an IP address from the DHCP server
during network initialization. The request-and-grant process uses a lease concept with a
controllable time period, allowing the DHCP server to reclaim (and then reallocate) IP addresses
that are not renewed.
2. Automatic Allocation: The DHCP server permanently assigns an IP address to a requesting client
from the range defined by the administrator. This is like dynamic allocation, but the DHCP server
keeps a table of past IP address assignments, so that it can preferentially assign to a client the
same IP address that the client previously had.
3. Static Allocation: The DHCP server allocates an IP address based on a preconfigured mapping to
each client's MAC address. This feature is variously called static DHCP assignment by DD-WRT,
fixed-address by the dhcpd documentation, address reservation by Netgear, DHCP reservation or
static DHCP by Cisco and Linksys, and IP address reservation or MAC/IP address binding by
various other router manufacturers.
Figure 1 DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
2. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
DHCP is used for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), as well as IPv6. While both versions serve the same
purpose, the details of the protocol for IPv4 and IPv6 are sufficiently different that they may be
considered separate protocols. For IPv6 operation, devices may alternatively use stateless address auto
configuration. IPv4 hosts may also use link-local addressing to achieve operation restricted to the local
network link.
DHCP is a collection of software that implements all aspects of the DHCP (Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol) suite. It includes:
1. DHCP Server, which receives clients’ requests and replies to them.
2. DHCP Client, which can be bundled with the operating system of a client computer or other IP
capable device and which sends configuration requests to the server. Most devices and
operating systems already have DHCP clients included.
3. DHCP Relay Agent, which passes DHCP requests from one LAN to another so that there need not
be a DHCP server on every LAN.
The DHCP server, client and relay agent are provided both as reference implementations of the protocol
and as working, fully-featured sample implementations.
History?
In 1984, the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP), defined in RFC 903, was introduced to allow
simple devices such as diskless workstations to dynamically obtain a suitable IP address. However,
because it acted at the data link layer it made implementation difficult on many server platforms, and
also required that a server be present on each individual network link. Soon afterwards it was
superseded by the "Bootstrap Protocol" (BOOTP) defined in RFC 951. This introduced the concept of a
relay agent, which allowed the forwarding of BOOTP packets across networks, allowing one central
BOOTP server to serve hosts on many IP subnets.
DHCP is based on BOOTP but can dynamically allocate IP addresses from a pool and reclaim them when
they are no longer in use. It can also be used to deliver a wide range of extra configuration parameters
to IP clients, including platform-specific parameters. It was first defined in RFC 1531 in October 1993;
but due to errors in the editorial process was almost immediately reissued as RFC 1541.
Four years later the DHCPINFORM message type and other small changes were added by RFC 2131;
which as of 2014 remains the standard for IPv4 networks.
DHCPv6 was initially described by RFC 3315 in 2003, but this has been updated by many subsequent
RFCs. RFC 3633 added a DHCPv6 mechanism for prefix delegation, and stateless address auto
configuration was added by RFC 3736.
3. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Why use DHCP?
Every device on a TCP/IP-based network must have a unique unicast IP address to access the network
and its resources. Without DHCP, IP addresses for new computers or computers that are moved from
one subnet to another must be configured manually; IP addresses for computers that are removed from
the network must be manually reclaimed.
With DHCP, this entire process is automated and managed centrally. The DHCP server maintains a pool
of IP addresses and leases an address to any DHCP-enabled client when it starts up on the network.
Because the IP addresses are dynamic (leased) rather than static (permanently assigned), addresses no
longer in use are automatically returned to the pool for reallocation.
How DHCP works?
Before understanding the process of IP address assignment, it is important to know some key technical
terms that are used in context of the DHCP server.
DHCP Address Pool
DHCP address pool is a virtual container that contains all the IP addresses that have been configured in
the DHCP range to make available to the client computers. As soon as any IP address from the address
pool is assigned to a client computer, the address is temporarily removed from the pool.
DHCP Lease
When the DHCP server assigns an IP address to a DHCP client computer, the address is assigned for
specific time duration. The time duration for which an IP address is assigned to a DHCP client computer
by the DHCP server is technically called the DHCP lease. When the DHCP lease expires, the IP address is
revoked from the DHCP client computer and is sent back to the DHCP address pool.
IP Assign Operation (DORA)
The DHCP protocol employs a connectionless service model, using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It
is implemented with two UDP port numbers for its operations which are the same as for the BOOTP
protocol. UDP port number 67 is the destination port of a server, and UDP port number 68 is used by
the client.
DHCP operations fall into four phases: server discovery, IP lease offer, IP request, and IP lease
acknowledgment. These stages are often abbreviated as DORA for discovery, offer, request, and
acknowledgment.
4. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Figure 2 DHCP DORA Process
Figure 3 DHCP DORA Packets Interchange
5. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
1. DHCP Discovery
D in the term DORA stands for the DHCP Discover packet. The DHCP Discover packet is broadcasted by
the DHCP client computer in order to find the available DHCP server(s) in the network. Since the DHCP
client computer sends the DHCP Discover packet as a broadcast, all the DHCP servers that are present in
the network receive the packet and respond accordingly.
Figure 4 DHCPDISCOVER Message
6. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
2. DHCP Offer
O in the term DORA stands for the DHCP Offer packet. The DHCP Offer is a unicast packet that is sent by
the DHCP server who receives the DHCP Discover packet from the DHCP client computer. The DHCP
Offer packet contains the available IP address that the DHCP server offers to the client computer.
The server determines the configuration based on the client's hardware address as specified in the
CHADDR (client hardware address) field. Here the server, 192.168.1.1, specifies the client's IP address in
the YIADDR (your IP address) field.
Figure 5 DHCPOFFER Message
7. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
3. DHCP Request
R in the term DORA stands for the DHCP Request packet. In response to the DHCP offer, the client
replies with a DHCP request, broadcast to the server, requesting the offered address. A client can
receive DHCP offers from multiple servers, but it will accept only one DHCP offer. Based on required
server identification option in the request and broadcast messaging, servers are informed whose offer
the client has accepted. When other DHCP servers receive this message, they withdraw any offers that
they might have made to the client and return the offered address to the pool of available addresses.
Figure 6 DHCPREQUEST Message
8. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
4. DHCP Acknowledgement
A in the term DORA stands for the DHCP Acknowledge packet. When the DHCP server receives the
DHCPREQUEST message from the client, the configuration process enters its final phase. The
acknowledgement phase involves sending a DHCPACK packet to the client. This packet includes the
lease duration and any other configuration information that the client might have requested. At this
point, the IP configuration process is completed.
Figure 7 DHCPACK Message
9. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
The protocol expects the DHCP client to configure its network interface with the negotiated parameters.
After the client obtains an IP address, it should probe the newly received address (e.g. with ARP Address
Resolution Protocol) to prevent address conflicts caused by overlapping address pools of DHCP servers.
DHCP Relaying
In small networks, where only one IP subnet is being managed, DHCP clients communicate directly with
DHCP servers. However, DHCP servers can also provide IP addresses for multiple subnets. In this case, a
DHCP client that has not yet acquired an IP address cannot communicate directly with the DHCP server
using IP routing, because it does not have a routable IP address, nor does it know the IP address of a
router.
In order to allow DHCP clients on subnets not directly served by DHCP servers to communicate with
DHCP servers, DHCP relay agents can be installed on these subnets. The DHCP client broadcasts on the
local link; the relay agent receives the broadcast and transmits it to one or more DHCP servers using
unicast. The relay agent stores its own IP address in the GIADDR field of the DHCP packet. The DHCP
server uses the GIADDR to determine the subnet on which the relay agent received the broadcast, and
allocates an IP address on that subnet. When the DHCP server replies to the client, it sends the reply to
the GIADDR address, again using unicast. The relay agent then retransmits the response on the local
network.
Advantages of DHCP
Its capability to automatically allocate IP addresses to clients booting on the TCP/IP network for the first
time.
1. Using DHCP reduces the labour involved in managing the network.
2. Because the DHCP server automatically dispenses IP addresses and other configuration
information, the process of connecting a new computer to the network is much simpler.
3. DHCP is very flexible and allows the network administrator to set up the server one time to serve
many thousands of clients.
Disadvantages of DHCP
1. When client make query to DHCP server (DHCP Discover) it is UDP query it consume more
bandwidth. When DHCP server is unavailable client unable to access enterprises network.
2. Your machine name does not change when you get a new IP address.
10. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
3. Unauthorized DHCP servers providing false information to clients.
4. Unauthorized clients gaining access to resources.
5. Resource exhaustion attacks from malicious DHCP clients.
DHCP Security Issues?
Not only does DHCP run over IP and UDP, which are inherently insecure, the DHCP protocol itself have in
fact no security provisions whatsoever. This is a fairly serious issue in modern networks, because of the
sheer power of DHCP: the protocol deals with critical configuration information.
There are two different classes of potential security problems related to DHCP:
1. Unauthorized DHCP Servers: If a malicious person plants a “rogue” DHCP server, it is possible
that this device could respond to client requests and supply them with spurious configuration
information. This could be used to make clients unusable on the network, or worse, set them up
for further abuse later on. For example, a hacker could exploit a bogus DHCP server to direct a
DHCP client to use a router under the hacker's control, rather than the one the client is supposed
to use.
2. Unauthorized DHCP Clients: A client could be set up that masquerades as a legitimate DHCP
client and thereby obtain configuration information intended for that client; this could then be
used to compromise the network later on. Alternately, a “bad guy” could use software to
generate lots of bogus DHCP client requests to use up all the IP addresses in a DHCP server's
pool. More simply, this could be used by a thief to steal an IP address from an organization for
his own use.
Adding Security to DHCP
These are obviously serious concerns. The normal recommended solutions to these risks generally
involve providing security at lower layers. For example, one of the most important techniques for
preventing unauthorized servers and clients is careful control over physical access to the network: layer
one security. Security techniques implemented at layer two may also be of use, for example, in the case
of wireless LANs. Since DHCP runs over UDP and IP, one could use IPSec at layer three to provide
authentication.
DHCP Authentication
To try to address some of the more specific security concerns within DHCP itself, in June 2001 the IETF
published RFC 3118, Authentication for DHCP Messages. This standard describes an enhancement that
replaces the normal DHCP messages with authenticated ones. Clients and servers check the
authentication information and reject messages that come from invalid sources. The technology
11. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
involves the use of a new DHCP option type, the Authentication option, and operating changes to
several of the leasing processes to use this option.
Unfortunately, 2001 was pretty late in the DHCP game, and there are millions of DHCP clients and
servers around that don't support this new standard. Both client and server must be programmed to use
authentication for this method to have value. A DHCP server that supports authentication could use it
for clients that support the feature and skip it for those that do not. However, the fact that this option is
not universal means that it is not widely deployed, and most networks must rely on more conventional
security measures.